Foreword by Trudier Harris-Lopez....... xi Preface................... xv Acknowledgments.............. xix Chronology of Key Events in the Harlem Renaissance.......... xxix VOLUME 1 Overviews and General Studies of the Harlem Renaissance Representative Works......... 2 Primary Sources............ 3 Overviews.............. 12 Background and Sources of the Harlem Renaissance......... 38 The New Negro Aesthetic....... 56 Patrons, Promoters, and the New York Public Library....... 91 Women of the Harlem Renaissance.. 121 Further Reading........... 137 Social, Economic, and Political Factors that Influenced the Harlem Renaissance Introduction............ 139 Representative Works........ 141 Primary Sources........... 141 Overviews.............. 153 Social and Economic Factors..... 187 Black Intellectual and Political Thought.............. 213 Further Reading........... 240 Publishing and Periodicals during the Harlem Renaissance Introduction............ 243 Representative Works........ 245 Primary Sources........... 246 Overviews.............. 252 African American Writers and Mainstream Publishers....... 268 Anthologies: The New Negro and Others............... 291 African American Periodicals and the Harlem Renaissance....... 309 Further Reading........... 339 Performing Arts during the Harlem Renaissance Introduction............ 341 Representative Works........ 342 Primary Sources........... 343 Overviews.............. 348 Drama of the Harlem Renaissance.. 364 Film and the Harlem Renaissance.. 392 Influence of Music on Harlem Renaissance Writing......... 437 Further Reading........... 465 v
Visual Arts during the Harlem Renaissance Introduction............ 467 Representative Works........ 468 Primary Sources........... 470 Overviews.............. 471 Painters............... 517 Sculptors.............. 536 Photographers........... 558 Further Reading........... 563 Author Index............... 569 Title Index................ 573 Subject Index............... 581 VOLUME 2 Gwendolyn Bennett 1902-1981 American poet, short story writer, journalist, and artist Principal Works............ 2 General Commentary......... 3 Further Reading........... 33 Marita Bonner 1898-1971 American short story writer, playwright, Introduction............. 35 Principal Works........... 37 General Commentary......... 37 Further Reading........... 59 Arna Bontemps 1902-1973 American novelist, poet, essayist, short story writer, children s writer, young adult writer, biographer, playwright, historian, literary critic, and editor Introduction............. 61 Principal Works........... 63 Primary Sources........... 64 General Commentary......... 67 Title Commentary.......... 90 Further Reading........... 102 William Stanley Braithwaite 1878-1962 American editor, poet, historian, biographer, critic, essayist, and novelist Introduction............ 105 Principal Works........... 107 General Commentary........ 107 Further Reading........... 143 Sterling Allen Brown 1901-1989 American poet, literary critic, essayist, and folklorist Introduction............ 145 Principal Works........... 147 Primary Sources........... 147 General Commentary........ 148 Title Commentary.......... 167 Further Reading........... 202 Countee Cullen 1903-1946 American poet, novelist, editor, and children s writer Introduction............ 205 Principal Works........... 208 Primary Sources........... 208 General Commentary........ 208 Title Commentary.......... 230 Further Reading........... 257 W. E. B. Du Bois 1868-1963 American social scientist, autobiographer, essayist, novelist, and poet Introduction............ 259 Principal Works........... 261 Primary Sources........... 262 General Commentary........ 269 Further Reading........... 320 Alice Dunbar-Nelson 1875-1935 American poet, fiction writer, journalist, and playwright Introduction............ 323 Principal Works........... 324 Primary Sources........... 324 General Commentary........ 328 Further Reading........... 360 Jessie Redmon Fauset 1882-1961 American editor, novelist, poet, Introduction............ 363 Principal Works........... 365 Primary Sources........... 365 General Commentary........ 367 Title Commentary.......... 380 Further Reading........... 392 vi HARLEM RENAISSANCE: A GALE CRITICAL COMPANION, VOL. 1
Rudolph Fisher 1897-1934 American novelist, short story writer, Introduction............ 395 Principal Works........... 397 Primary Sources........... 397 General Commentary........ 402 Title Commentary.......... 439 Further Reading........... 449 Zora Neale Hurston 1891-1960 American novelist, folklorist, essayist, short story writer, and playwright Introduction............ 647 Principal Works........... 649 Primary Sources........... 649 General Commentary........ 652 Title Commentary.......... 691 Further Reading........... 705 Marcus Garvey 1887-1940 Jamaican political philosopher, essayist, editor, and poet Introduction............ 451 Principal Works........... 453 Primary Sources........... 453 General Commentary........ 458 Further Reading........... 504 Author Index............... 711 Title Index................ 715 Subject Index............... 723 Angelina Weld Grimké 1880-1958 American poet, playwright, and short story writer Introduction............ 507 Principal Works........... 508 General Commentary........ 509 Title Commentary.......... 527 Further Reading........... 537 DuBose Heyward 1885-1940 American poet, novelist, playwright, and librettist Introduction............ 539 Principal Works........... 540 General Commentary........ 541 Title Commentary.......... 573 Further Reading........... 585 Frank S. Horne 1899-1974 American poet Introduction............ 587 Principal Works........... 588 General Commentary........ 588 Further Reading........... 594 Langston Hughes 1902-1967 American poet, short story writer, nonfiction writer, novelist, librettist, and playwright Introduction............ 595 Principal Works........... 597 Primary Sources........... 597 General Commentary........ 600 Title Commentary.......... 633 Further Reading........... 644 VOLUME 3 Charles Spurgeon Johnson 1893-1956 American nonfiction writer, editor, researcher, and educator Principal Works............ 2 Primary Sources............ 3 General Commentary......... 8 Further Reading........... 20 Georgia Douglas Johnson 1877-1966 American poet, playwright, short story writer, and composer Introduction............. 23 Principal Works........... 25 General Commentary......... 25 Further Reading........... 66 Helene Johnson 1907-1995 American poet Introduction............. 67 Principal Works........... 68 General Commentary......... 68 Further Reading........... 84 James Weldon Johnson 1871-1938 American poet, novelist, editor, critic, and publisher Introduction............. 85 Principal Works........... 86 Primary Sources........... 87 General Commentary......... 93 HARLEM RENAISSANCE: A GALE CRITICAL COMPANION, VOL. 1 vii
Title Commentary.......... 111 Further Reading........... 136 Nella Larsen 1891-1964 American novelist and short story writer Introduction............ 139 Principal Works........... 140 Primary Sources........... 140 General Commentary........ 143 Title Commentary.......... 159 Further Reading........... 178 Alain Locke 1885-1954 American philosopher, social and political theorist, critic, Introduction............ 181 Principal Works........... 182 Primary Sources........... 183 General Commentary........ 184 Further Reading........... 222 Claude McKay 1889?-1948 Jamaican-born American poet, novelist, essayist, and journalist Introduction............ 225 Principal Works........... 227 Primary Sources........... 227 General Commentary........ 228 Title Commentary.......... 271 Further Reading........... 277 General Commentary........ 331 Title Commentary.......... 345 Further Reading........... 359 Anne Spencer 1882-1975 American poet Introduction............ 361 Principal Works........... 362 Primary Sources........... 363 General Commentary........ 363 Further Reading........... 385 Wallace Thurman 1902-1934 American novelist, playwright, screenwriter, editor, and critic Introduction............ 387 Principal Works........... 388 Primary Sources........... 389 General Commentary........ 391 Title Commentary.......... 418 Further Reading........... 421 Jean Toomer 1894-1967 American poet, prose writer, essayist, and playwright Introduction............ 423 Principal Works........... 424 Primary Sources........... 424 General Commentary........ 426 Title Commentary.......... 456 Further Reading........... 475 Richard Bruce Nugent 1906-1987 American short story writer, poet, and artist Introduction............ 279 Principal Works........... 280 General Commentary........ 280 Further Reading........... 305 Willis Richardson 1889-1977 American playwright, essayist, and editor Introduction............ 307 Principal Works........... 308 General Commentary........ 308 Further Reading........... 328 George Samuel Schuyler 1895-1977 American novelist, journalist, essayist, and critic Introduction............ 329 Principal Works........... 331 Carl Van Vechten 1880-1964 American novelist, critic, and photographer Introduction............ 479 Principal Works........... 480 General Commentary........ 481 Title Commentary.......... 503 Further Reading........... 514 Eric Walrond 1898-1966 Guyanese short story writer, essayist, and editor Introduction............ 517 Principal Works........... 518 General Commentary........ 518 Title Commentary.......... 534 Further Reading........... 546 Dorothy West 1907-1998 American novelist and short story writer Introduction............ 547 Principal Works........... 548 viii HARLEM RENAISSANCE: A GALE CRITICAL COMPANION, VOL. 1
General Commentary........ 548 Title Commentary.......... 558 Further Reading........... 572 Walter White 1893-1955 American novelist, journalist, and essayist Introduction............ 575 Principal Works........... 576 Primary Sources........... 576 General Commentary........ 580 Title Commentary.......... 604 Further Reading........... 620 Author Index............... 625 Title Index................ 629 Subject Index............... 637 HARLEM RENAISSANCE: A GALE CRITICAL COMPANION, VOL. 1 ix