Organised Phonology Data Khehek (LeveiDrehet) Language [TLX] Manus Province Population census: Major villages: Drehet Linguistic work done by: SIL Data checked by: Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory b b t d e h i d k kx l m b m n d dr dr a b bw ch d e h i j k kh l m mb mw n nd ndr n dr ng ng A B Ch D E H I J K Kh L M Mb Mw N Nd Ndr N dr Ng o p p s t u w j ny o ø p pw r s t u w y Ny O Ø P Pw R S T U W Y Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p b t d k Nasal m n Trill Tap/Flap Fricative s h Lateral Fricative Approx Lateral Approx Ejective Stop Implos / / lengthened velar nasal /w/ voiced labialvelar approximate /t / voiceless postalveolar affricate /d/ voiced postalveolar affricate /kx/ voiceless velar affricate /b/ prenasalized voiced bilabial plosive /b/ labialized voiced bilabial plosive l j
Khehek (LeveiDrehet) OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 2 /p/ labialized voiceless bilabial plosive /m/ labialized bilabial nasal /d/ prenasalized voiced alveolar plosive /dr/ prenasalized voiced alveolar plosive with flapped release /dr/ prenasalized glottalized voiced alveolar plosive with flapped release p palang 'thunder' apo 'all right' alap 'long' t cha'ang 'sap' huchuh 'dive' b buø 'water' babai 'fish' d jap hujoh 'line' 'boil' p pwap petepwa 'oil' 'floor' d ndelang indah 'clearing' 'here' b tobwek 'joking' dr ndrino indrakep 'finished' 'branch' b mbi 'sago' dr n'drap 'star' pweken'drap 'jar' m metie teme 'eye' 'father' n nane 'today' iniang 'able' m mwap imwili 'talk' 'tired' s seling 'meat' isak 'full' w weng 'greens' kuwek 'my hand' t tamejah 'dawdle' heti 'quiet' d deekong 'stranger' rep 'gap' takarite 'disturb' l lahele 'slander' puli 'no' k kemeng 'man' pwokak 'gun' chi ik 'stove'
Khehek (LeveiDrehet) OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 3 kx kha ing 'bad' mukha ang 'big' la ang kha 'white spot' 'blood' kemeng takangkok nang 'man' 'shiver' 'demon' h horu 'year' ohung 'cough' tendrih 'run' j yaha 'storm' sopwiying 'return' nyuøh 'steam' khinyek 'skirt' Vowels i e u o i isip 'rattan' ndrino 'finished' pechi 'from' ee teenøh kaapwang 'wail' 'crossbeam' e etek 'my liver' heti 'quiet' pwe 'like' o olong 'aged' pwokak 'gun' uno 'then' øp 'bamboo' koløp 'white hair' u uno 'then' purunu 'mud' su 'comb' oo soop uu puusu 'bed' 'island' ie ekhieng 'ground' chinie 'mother' i niah 'widower' io napiokhong 'story' (rare) ei peip 'mud' kei 'tree' asap 'house' yaha 'storm' hila 'go' ii khiiling 'mushroom' ikheii 'incorrect' e rihea i rai babai 'all' 'east' 'fish'
Khehek (LeveiDrehet) OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 4 o haoh 'go' uo suluong 'many' (rare) u pwasaurang 'cowrie' kau 'sorcery' u peteluøp buø 'old man' 'water' oi noinek 'crawl' (rare) pwaha'øa 'layered' (rare) /ii/ /ie/ /i/ /io/ /iu/ /ei/ /ee/ /e/ /i/ // /o/ /u/ /oi/ /oo/ // // /uo/ /u / /uu/ Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Stress appears to be predictable: if any syllable has a lengthened vowel, that syllable is stressed. Otherwise stress is on the ultima, unless any preceding syllable has a lower wovel, in that case the closest syllable with lowest vowel receives the stress. Syllable Patterns V u 'yam' o.pwip 'swamp' VC op 'you (sg)' CV ji 'me' to.'o.te 'ready' i.mwi.li 'tired' ka.na 'food' CVC kep 'wood' hi.yu.rop 'marriage' CVV rai 'east' noi.nek 'crawl' sa.liu.wi 'wander' li.hie 'teeth' CVVC peip 'mud' khi.liep 'wild' Conventions: Phonological Conventions: Orthographic The sixth vowel is written <ø> because it carries a fairly heavy semantic load, with several minimal pairs. Velar nasal / fl/ is represented as <ng>, since that is compatible with the convention in both Pidgin and English. The same rationale is used in representing the affricates /t/ and /d/ as <ch> and <j>. The velar affricate is represented as <kh> since the sequence [kh] does not occur, [h] approximates [x] in that environment, and it avoids writing an additional grapheme. Lengthened velar nasal is represented by striking a horizontal line through it, as suggested by a participant at a writers' workshop. It is rare, and could possibly be simply written as <ng>, since context would probably indicate which word is meant. Transcription of a recorded passage / osu nne osu hil lie kxkxep nne osu hiti dru eine neni mukx ph ip imi j os
Khehek (LeveiDrehet) OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 5 u tuulip dru osu himeh dru kxe nolowip eine umop jokup umop osu tuulip uno po osu meje osu meje kxe omu he mete bu osu hunu uno osu hp hime ko / < Osu nane, osu hila lie khakhep nane, osu hiting n druø; erine nening mukha ang apwah. Ip imi, ya osu tu ulip n druø. Osu himeh n druø khe nolowip, erine rumop yokup rumop osu tu ulip. Uno, apo, osu meye, osu meye khe omung, ha eng mete buø. Osu hunu; uno, osu ha ap hime kong.> 'Today we went to the bush to hunt possum, but it poured down rain. It came, then we caught a possum. We saw two of them, but one ran away. Then we returned and rested at the river. We bathed, and then we left and came home.' Bibliography Beard, Stephan, 1992. Organized Phonology Data for Khehek language. Ms, SIL Ukarumpa.