STEM Science Notebook Populations and Ecosystems Investigation 4 BIG QUESTION: How does genetic variation impact the lives of organisms? 1
Focus Question 1: What are some traits of the human population? (Whiteboard Review) Feature Trait Types of Variation 2
Explanation variation, feature, trait, expressed *You may use a word more than once! A is a structure, characteristic, or behavior of an organism, such as eye color, fur pattern or timing of migration. A is the way a feature is in an individual organisms, such as brown eyes, small spots, or early migration. The range of expression of a within a population, such as all the possible eye colors, all the fur patterns or all the dates on which migration starts is known as. 3
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An Inventory of Traits Other: Other: 5
What I notice Prediction Actual 6
Class Data Frequency of Traits Larger General Population Reflection: How have your ideas about human variation changed since we started this investigation? 7
Word Bank _ Content _ 8
Focus Question 2: What is the source of genetic variation and how does it occur? What do we know about the inheritance of traits? 9
Gingerbread People Inheritance 1. Would Mary, George, Elizabeth and Carl look identical (have the exact same traits) as their parents? Why or why not? 2. Did all four children inherit exactly the same traits or is there some variation? 3. How many of the four children inherited a trait from each one of the grandparents? 4. Is there a child that didn t inherit a particular trait? If so, which trait (color) was it? 10
Eye Color Mr. and Mrs. Miller both have blue eyes. Could any of their children be born with brown eyes? Circle the answer that best matches your thinking. YES NO Explain your thinking. What rule or reasoning did you use to decide what the eye color of the children could be? Initial Model of Eye Color Inheritance 11
Reading: From Mendel to Human Genome: Solving the Heredity Puzzle (p.46, 49-54) Intro, Understanding the Heredity Factor, What is a Gene?, How Do Genes Get Mixed Up from Generation to Generation? Complete the following passage with a partner. The offspring of organisms often grow up to look like one or both of their parents. This is because offspring inherit information from their parents that directs their development. The inherited information is located in the of every cell in the organism. The information is coded in the huge molecule. The huge molecules are coiled into compact hot dog-shaped structures called. are always present in almost identical pairs. Locations on chromosomes that affect features of organisms are called. A gene is composed of. 1. 2. 3. 4. 12
Zooming into DNA 13
Reading: From Mendel to Human Genome: Solving the Heredity Puzzle(p. 52) - Genotype and Phenotype Introduce the Larkeys (Answer from reading and video clip) 1. An organism s unique combination of genes is its. 2. The traits produced by an organism s genes is its. 3. Alleles that have more influence in determining traits are alleles. 4. Alleles that have less influence in determining traits are alleles. 14
What do you notice? Creating Larkeys 15
Reading: From Mendel to Human Genome: Solving the Heredity Puzzle(p.46 49) - Early Research into Heredity, Mendel s Results Quiz-Quiz-Trade Strategy Directions: Read ALL of the sections listed above with a partner. You will be assigned one question to answer completely with that partner. You are each then responsible for writing the answer down on an index card or paper. You must write the question AND the answer. Then you will move around the room quizzing your classmates and trading questions. After you are done, you ll be responsible for writing in the remaining answers for the questions as homework or other classwork. 1. When did Mendel live and what were his contributions to the understanding of genetic inheritance? 2. What controls the traits that are expressed in offspring? 3. What notation do we use for showing dominant and recessive alleles? 16
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Revisit Focus Question 2: What is the source of genetic variation and how does it occur? I claim. I know this because. I claim. I know this because. Word Bank 18
Content 19
Focus Question 3: How can we use our knowledge of genetics to predict the characteristics of offspring? 20
Reading: From Mendel to Human Genome: Solving the Heredity Puzzle(p.48-49) Punnett Squares What are Punnett squares? Based on the reading, what happened when Mendel bred a tall (TT) pea plant with a short (tt) pea plant? In your own words, what do these results tell us about the potential offspring? Demonstrate what would happen if Mendel had crossed a short (tt) pea plant with another short (tt) pea plant. 21
Breeding Larkeys Potential Offspring 22
Potential Offspring 23
New Parents (Select from your previous offspring to create a new generation.) Potential Offspring 24
Revisit Focus Question 3: How can we use our knowledge of genetics to predict the characteristics of offspring? I claim. I know this because. Eye Color Mr. and Mrs. Miller both have blue eyes. Having blue eyes is a recessive trait. Could any of their children be born with brown eyes? Circle the answer that best matches your thinking. YES NO Explain your thinking. What rule or reasoning did you use to decide what the eye color of the children could be? 25
Revised Model of Eye Color Inheritance I used to think But now I know Explanation 26
Word Bank Content 27
Whiteboard Thoughts Why should I care? Notes during Video Clip Compare the 2 Images 28
Sickle Cell Anemia Genetic Pedigree Draw a Punnett square for the couple in the first generation. Use a B to represent the allele for normal (healthy) red blood cells and b to represent the allele for sickle cell disease. How do the results in your Punnett square compare to the couple s actual children? 29
Explanation I used to think But now I understand 30
BIG QUESTION: How does genetic variation impact the lives of organisms? I claim I know this because I claim I know this because I claim I know this because 31
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