Classical Rhetoric Martin Cothran Instructor
Lesson II The definition and division of rhetoric
The definition of rhetoric The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion
What is unique about rhetoric? Rhetoric can be used to persuade in any subject
Artistic vs. non-artistic proofs Artistic proofs are part of rhetoric proper
The 3 Means of Persuasion Personal character of the speaker Disposition of the audience Words of the speech itself
The 3 Means of Persuasion Personal character of the speaker Disposition of the audience Words of the speech itself
The 3 Means of Persuasion Personal character of the speaker Disposition of the audience Words of the speech itself
The 3 Means of Persuasion Personal character of the speaker Disposition of the audience Words of the speech itself
The 3 Means of Persuasion Ethical Emotional Logical
The 3 Means of Persuasion Ethos Pathos Logos
Upon what each of the 3 means of persuasion depends Ethos: words of the speaker Pathos: feelings of the audience Logos: persuasive arguments
The three things a man must be able to do to master the means of persuasion Scientifically consider virtue Know the nature of emotions Master the syllogism
Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme
An argument is persuasive and credible when: It is self-evident It is based on self-evident truths
The matter of enthymemes Probabilities Signs
The two kinds of signs Fallible Infallible
The three divisions of rhetoric Political Legal (forensic) Ceremonial
The three divisions of rhetoric Political Legal (forensic) Ceremonial
The three divisions of rhetoric Political Legal (forensic) Ceremonial
The three divisions of rhetoric Political Legal (forensic) Ceremonial
The three kinds of hearers Assemblyman Future Juror Past Observer Present
The aims of rhetoric Political: to do or not do something Forensic: accusation or defense Ceremonial: praise or blame
The aims of rhetoric Political: to do or not do something Forensic: accusation or defense Ceremonial: praise or blame
The aims of rhetoric Political: to do or not do something Forensic: accusation or defense Ceremonial: praise or blame
The aims of rhetoric Political: to do or not do something Forensic: accusation or defense Ceremonial: praise or blame
The ends of rhetoric Political: expediency Forensic: justice Ceremonial: honor
Three goals of reading Acquisition of information Development of understanding Entertainment of reader
Three goals of reading Acquisition of information Development of understanding Entertainment of reader
Three goals of reading Acquisition of information Development of understanding Entertainment of reader
Three goals of reading Acquisition of information Development of understanding Entertainment of reader
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he is ill
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he is ill
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill P
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill P
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill P Therefore, he S is ill P
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever M are ill P Therefore, he S is ill P
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever M are ill P Therefore, he S is ill P
Extrapolating an enthymeme A: All people who have a fever M are ill P A: Therefore, he S is ill P
Extrapolating an enthymeme bar: All people who have a fever M are ill P bar: A: Therefore, he S is ill P
Extrapolating an enthymeme bar: All people who have a fever M are ill P bar: He S has a fever P A: Therefore, he S is ill P
Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever M are ill P He S has a fever P Therefore, he S is ill P
Three elements of division Logical whole Subjective parts Principle of division
Upon what each of the 3 means of persuasion depends Ethos: words of the speaker Pathos: feelings of the audience Logos: persuasive arguments
Upon what each of the 3 means of persuasion depends Ethos: words of the speaker Pathos: feelings of the audience Logos: persuasive arguments
Upon what each of the 3 means of persuasion depends Ethos: words of the speaker Pathos: feelings of the audience Logos: persuasive arguments
The three things a man must be able to do to master the means of persuasion Scientifically consider virtue Know the nature of emotions Master the syllogism
The three things a man must be able to do to master the means of persuasion Scientifically consider virtue Know the nature of emotions Master the syllogism
The three things a man must be able to do to master the means of persuasion Scientifically consider virtue Know the nature of emotions Master the syllogism
Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme
Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme
Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme
Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme
The three elements of speechmaking Speaker Subject Audience
The three elements of speechmaking Speaker Subject Audience
The three elements of speechmaking Speaker Subject Audience
The three elements of speechmaking Speaker Subject Audience
The three kinds of hearers Assemblyman Future Juror Past Observer Present
The three kinds of hearers Assemblyman Future Juror Past Observer Present
The three kinds of hearers Assemblyman Future Juror Past Observer Present
The ends of rhetoric Political: expediency Forensic: justice Ceremonial: honor
The ends of rhetoric Political: expediency Forensic: justice Ceremonial: honor
The ends of rhetoric Political: expediency Forensic: justice Ceremonial: honor
hendiadys
Mode of Persuasion Audience of Speech Time Concerned With Aim of Speech End of Speech What The Mode of Persuasion Depends On What Speaker Must Be Able to Do or Understand Political Forensic Ceremonial
effectiveness
paradiastole hendiadys
Artistic vs. non-artistic proofs
Roles Kingly: governing Priestly: teaching Prophetic: critic
Roles Kingly: governing Priestly: teaching Prophetic: critic
Roles Kingly: governing Priestly: teaching Prophetic: critic
Roles Kingly: governing Priestly: teaching Prophetic: critic
Figures of Speech
asyndeton polysyndeton