The following types of papers are published in the Online and Print Version:

Where to send your manuscript Electronic Supplementary Material Copyright Transfer Statement 1. Legal requirements The author(s) guarantee(s) that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere, in any language, without the consent of the copyright holders, that the rights of third parties will not be violated, and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation. Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors. Manuscripts must be accompanied by the "Copyright Transfer Statement". 2. General information The following types of papers are published in the Online and Print Version: Original Articles and Technical Communications Papers must present scientific results that are essentially new. Apart from Conference Reports and Discussion Papers (please see point 8) which will only be published in electronic form, all other types of contributions are subject to peer-review. It is a strong point of Electronic Geosciences that it publishes multimedia content associated with a regular article. This multimedia content becomes part of the online version. 3. Editorial procedure All submissions should preferably be submitted online in the form of a pdf file attached to an e-mail and addressed to the Editorial Office. Professor J. D. Clemens School of Earth Sciences and Geography, CEESR Kingston University Penrhyn Road Kingston-upon-Thames Surrey, KT1 2EE

U.K. E-mail: J.Clemens@kingston.ac.uk Once a paper has been accepted for publication the author(s) should submit the final version, in electronic form, to the Editorial Office. More information about the electronic preparation of the final version of your manuscript is available under point 6. Please be sure to include your e-mail address and your fax number. Please do not transmit electronic data to the publisher until your manuscript has been reviewed and accepted for publication. Please follow the instructions below. Papers that do not conform to the journal norms may be returned to the authors for revision before being reviewed. The author is responsible for the accuracy of the references. 4. Manuscript preparation of Original Articles and Technical Communications (For Conference Reports and Discussion Papers please see point 8 All accepted manuscripts are subject to copy-editing. 4.1 Content The Title page must show: The name(s) of the author(s) A concise and informative title The affiliation(s) and institutional or company address(es) of the author(s) The e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers of the communicating author The Title should be short, specific and informative and the first few words of the title should be useful for indexing. Please avoid non-specific phrases such as "A study of", "The effects of "or "...regarding...". Please do not give numbered subtitles or a series number. Abstract. All papers should be preceded by an abstract that summarizes the contents and main conclusions. The abstract should be brief (normally no more than 200 words) and informative. Key Words. Authors should suggest key words (not more than six, in alphabetical order) characterizing the scope of the paper, the principal materials studied (scientific, generic names only) and the main topics treated. The Introduction should state the purpose of the investigation and give a short review of the pertinent literature. The Materials and methods section should follow the Introduction and should provide enough information to permit repetition of the experimental work. The Results section should describe the outcome of the study. Data should be presented as concisely as possible, if appropriate in the form of tables or figures, although very large tables should be avoided. The Discussion should be an interpretation of the results and their significance, with reference to previous work.

Acknowledgements should be as brief as possible. Any research grant that requires acknowledgement should be mentioned. The names of funding organizations should be written in full rather than abbreviated. Appendices. If there is more than one appendix, they should be numbered consecutively. Equations in appendices should be numbered separately and designated differently from those in the main body of the paper, e.g. (A1), (A2), etc The list of References should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications should only be mentioned in the text. In the text, references should be cited by author and year (e.g. Hammer 1994; Hammer and Sjöqvist 1995; Hammer et al. 1993) and listed in alphabetical order in the reference list. Journal names should be abbreviated. Example: Art JG, Hanson GL (1972) Quartz diorites derived by partial melting of eclogite or amphibolite at mantle depths. Contrib Mineral Petrol 37:161-174 Articles from journals and other serial publications (e.g. Annual Reviews): Example Webb MC, Gunning BES (1994) Embryo sac development in Arabidopsis thaliana. II. The cytoskeleton during megagametogenesis. Sex Plant Reprod 7: 153-162 Articles from electronic journals (e.g. Electronic Geosciences) are treated as normal journals: Burgdorff K, Goldberg D (2001) Petrophysical characterization and natural fracturing in an olivine-dolerite aquifer. Electronic Geosciences 6:3 (Vol. 6, Article Nr. 3) Articles from non-serial collective publications (symposia volumes, encyclopaedias, etc.) and books: Rincón M, Boss WF (1990) Second-messenger role of phosphoinositides. In: Morré DJ, Boss WF, Loewus FA (eds) Inositol metabolism in plants. Wiley, New York, pp 173-200 References such as "personal communication" and "unpublished data" cannot be included in the reference list, but should be mentioned in the text, in parentheses. This also applies to papers presented at meetings but not yet published or accepted for publication. A date should be given for both "personal communication" and "unpublished data". Papers that have been accepted for publication should be included in the list of references with the name of the journal and "in press". If available, the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of the cited literature should be added at the end of the reference in question. Example: Dyall KG (1998) Theor Chem Acc 99:366-371 DOI 10.10007/s002149800025 Literature Citations in the text should be by author(s) and year. Where there are more than two author(s), only the first should be named, followed by "et al.". Examples: Manning (1994) has shown that... Experiments in this laboratory (Radetzky and Langheinrich 1994) have shown that... Liu et al. (1994) have shown that...

5. Style and technical guidelines Headings. Main headings (Introduction, Materials and Methods, etc.) should be placed on separate lines. Illustrations and Tables All figures (photographs, graphs, diagrams, animations, movies, etc.) and tables must be cited in the text, and each numbered consecutively throughout. Figure parts should be identified by lower-case roman letters. Illustrations submitted in colour will appear in black and white in the print version and in colour in the online version. For electronic submission of figures see below. Figure captions must be brief, self-sufficient explanations of the illustrations. The legends should be placed at the end of the text. Tables should have a title and a legend explaining any abbreviation used in that table. Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data). Formulae and symbols. These will be typeset in italics. Please use correct designations for standardized DIN regulations. Units and symbols. Temperatures may be expressed in degrees Celsius, time in seconds (s), minutes (min), hours (h), days (d), etc. Otherwise, the International System of Units (SI, Système International d'unités) should be used wherever possible. For guidance, consult, e.g., U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Special Publication 330, The International System of Units, latest edition, or Rotter F. (1979) Das Internationale Einheitensystem in der Praxis. Physik in unserer Zeit 10: 23-51. Abbreviations should be defined at first mention in the abstract, and again in the main body of the text, and used consistently throughout. 6. Electronic preparation of final version Text To help you prepare your manuscript, Springer offers a template that can be used with Winword 7 (Windows 95), Winword 6 and Word for Macintosh (Version 6 or higher). The Word template is available: via ftp: Address: ftp.springer.de/ User ID: ftp Password: your own e-mail address Directory: /pub/word file names: sv-journ.zip or sv-journ.doc and sv-journ.dot via browser: ftp://ftp.springer.de/pub/word/journals file names: sv-journ.zip or sv-journ.doc and sv-journ.dot The zip file should be sent unencoded.

Layout guidelines 1. Use a normal, plain font (e.g., Times New Roman) for text. Other style options: - for textual emphasis use italic type. - for special purposes, such as for mathematical vectors, use boldface type. 2. Use the automatic page numbering function to number the pages. 3. Do not use field functions. 4. For indents use tab stops or other commands, not the space bar. 5. Use the table functions of your word processing program, not spreadsheets, to make tables. 6. Use the equation editor of your word processing program or MathType for equations. 7. Place any figure legends or tables at the end of the manuscript. 8. Submit all figures as separate files and do not integrate them within the text. Data formats Save your work in two versions: 1. RTF (Rich Text Format) or Word compatible Word 95/97. 2. pdf (a single pdf file including text, tables and figures) Illustrations Many figures can simply be scanned from artwork or photographs. Most researchers have access to a high-quality scanner. If you do not, or if you want to scan a transparency, you will need to contact your institution's graphic arts or computer service department. Adjust size, colour balance, brightness and contrast carefully, either at the time of scanning, or in the graphics software that you are using. What you see on the screen is what the editor, referees and the readers will see. Aim to make each figure 10 to 15 cm wide on the page, calculate your scan resolution to give at least 300 dots per inch (preferably 600 dpi) at the final size and save the figure in one of our available image formats. The above applies particularly to computer graphics drawn using the many software packages available (e.g. CorelDraw; Sigmaplot; CricketGraph). Again, size your diagrams carefully, feel free to use colour, and make sure you Save as... or Export... to one of the listed formats. Please remember to use different symbols and shading to make graphics readable using a black and white format. This helps in any future hardcopy presentations, and for printing on monochrome printers. The preferred figure formats are EPS for vector graphics exported from a drawing program and TIFF for halftone illustrations. EPS files must always contain a preview in TIFF of the figure. The file name (one file for each figure) should include the figure number. Figure legends must be included in the text and not in the figure file. Scan resolution: Scanned line drawings should be digitized with a minimum resolution of 800 dpi relative to the final figure size. For digital halftones, 300 dpi is usually sufficient. Color illustrations: Store color illustrations as RGB (8 bits per channel) in TIFF format. Vector graphics: Fonts used in the vector graphics must be included. Please do not draw with hairlines. The minimum line width is 0.2 mm (i.e., 0.567 pt) relative to the final size.

A strong point of Visual Geosciences is the ability to publish a whole range of multimedia illustrations without charge to the author. Bear in mind that this could include colour plates and diagrams, video, movies, animation. If you don't have multimedia, though, this does not preclude submitting to Visual Geosciences: General interest and scientific quality are the criteria of suitability for publication. The number of illustrations should be limited to the minimum needed to clarify the text. Repetition of the same points in figures and tables is not acceptable. All figures (photographs, graphs, diagrams, etc.) should be numbered consecutively, and referred to in the text. Each illustration should be provided with a concise, descriptive caption. Micrographs must have an internal magnification marker or specify the actual width of the micrograph. General information on data delivery For final, accepted versions of your contributions, please send us the files (text and illustrations in separate files) preferably in a compressed format: * Via ftp.springer.de (to our ftp server; log-in "anonymous"; password: your e-mail address; * By e-mail (only suitable for small volumes of data of data up to 5 MB) to k.baumann@springer.de further information in the readme file on the server) or on any of the following media: a floppy disk [you may use.tar,.zip,.gzip (.gz),.sit, and compress (.Z)] a ZIP disk (100 MB) a CD-ROM / DVD To: Karl-D. Baumann Journal Production Springer-Verlag Heidelberger Platz 3 14197 Berlin Germany Please always supply the following information with your data: journal title, computer operating system, word processing program, drawing program, image processing program, compression program. The file name should be memorable (e.g., author name), have no more than 8 characters, and include no accents or special symbols. Use only the extensions that the program assigns automatically. 7. Electronic supplementary material for Original Articles and Technical Communications Electronic supplementary material (ESM) associated with an article in this journal will be published free of charge on Springer s server http://www.springer.de/author/esm/index.html

. After acceptance by the journal s Editors the data will be published as received from the author. The CD-ROM edition of the Journal will include all the Supplementary Material to guarantee longevity. ESM may consist of all kinds of animations (see examples): Movies Briefly, there are two movie standards (MPEG and Quicktime), depending on your choice of computer. Again, if you do not have immediate access to an audio-visual equipped computer, you will need to seek advice. Try to keep your picture area small, and your recording time as brief as possible, consistent with illustrating your point. Be warned that movies and VR are the most space-intensive multimedia elements you can imagine, and you will find it difficult physically to store clips unless you have reduced them to minimal size. Long video sequences should be accompanied by a short extract (about 5 seconds) for preview. If you can provide a VHS video cassette we will convert it to a MPEG or Quicktime movie, depending on the compression rate necessary for a reasonable downloading time. There is a simple way of making compact animations, using multi-layered GIF files. If you can provide a series of GIF images we will mount them as an animation. If you wish to find out more about animation possibilities look at this site with more about animated GIFs. Sound files also have standard formats. If you have generated them, then you probably already have them on your computer in a usable format: AIFF AU MIDI MP3 WAV Also bear in mind that you can use a Visual Geosciences as a vehicle for publishing utility software for research or teaching, such as an Excel spreadsheet that calculates geochemical models, or correlation statistics. Try to send executables like these in formats that will run on as many different computer platforms as possible but, ultimately, if it runs on either a PC or a Mac, it will reach most readers. Proofreading Authors should make their proof corrections on a printout of the pdf file supplied, checking that the text is complete and that all figures and tables are included. This pdf version is for proof purposes only. After publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the original article. The author is entitled to formal corrections only. Substantial changes in content, e.g. new results, corrected values, title and authorship must have the prior approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact the Editorial Office or the Editor-in-Chief before returning the proofs to the publisher. Offprints, Free copy

After publication, author(s) will receive, for for his own personal use, one pdf file of the article free of charge with the final print layout. 8. Conference Reports and Discussion Papers These kind of contributions, published online only, are reviewed only by the editor, but are checked for correct English expression and suitability of content. All common image formats are acceptable (e.g. gif, jpg, png) Manuscripts should be submitted directly via ftp to: Host: ftp.springer.de User-ID: z10069 Password: spvz10069 Please create a folder with an unambiguous file name (e.g. starting with your initials and the date DDMM) and transfer all your files into this folder. Due to system requirements, all folder and file names must be written in lower-case letters. To reduce transfer time and avoid file corruptions you should compress your files using e.g. pkzip for DOS/WINDOWS, Stuffit for MAC, or gz for UNIX). Alternatively, files may be sent on any of the following media: a floppy disk [you may use.tar,.zip,.gzip (.gz),.sit, and compress (.Z)] On a ZIP disk On a CD-ROM To: Karl-D. Baumann Journal Production Springer-Verlag Heidelberger Platz 3 14197 Berlin Germany For small volumes of data (up to 5 MB only) you may also e-mail directly to: k.baumann@springer.de SpringerLink Helpdesk Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2003

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