UNIT 9 READING Dream On BEFORE YOU READ Read the following statements and deide whih ones are true for you. Then hoose one statement and disuss it with a partner. I have diffiulty realling my dreams. My dreams are usually very vivid. Sometimes I have unpleasant dreams. I find it diffiult to go ak to sleep after I ve had a distressing dream. I one had a dream that helped me solve a prolem. I elieve that dreams an help people overome stressful situations. I don t elieve in the interpretation of dreams. You are going to read an artile aout dreaming. Seven sentenes have een removed from the artile. Choose from the sentenes A-H the one whih est fits eah gap (1-7). There is one extra sentene whih you do not need to use. TIP Linguisti lues like pronouns and tenses an help you selet the orret sentene. For example, the information efore gap 1 says, Rosalind Cartwright elieves. Find a sentene that follows logially. Does this sentene refer to a woman? Does it use the present tense? THE SECRETS Have you ever dreamt that you were falling and falling, only to e woken up with a sudden unpleasant ump? Or perhaps you have experiened that amazing sense of freedom in your dream when you an suddenly spread your 5 arms and fly high aove the louds. Whatever you dream aout, some experts elieve dreams are quite signifiant and an play a very important role in helping us learn more aout ourselves. This is a view endorsed y Chiago psyhiatrist, Rosalind 10 Cartwright. She elieves that interpreting dreams is an ideal way to understand human ehaviour. 1 Aording to this theory, dreams an atually help us learn more aout who we are and what our aims in life are. There is nothing new aout this interest in the funtion of 15 dreams. People have een fasinated y the effet dreams might have on their lives throughout history. 2 Sik people used to sleep at the temple of Aslepius, the god of mediine, in order to reeive dreams that would help them reover from their disease. 20 The healing aspet of dreams was also reognised y the 19th-entury psyhologist Sigmund Freud. He developed a theory that a person s unonsious desires were expressed in his dreams. 3 25 Today, while not everyone agrees with this theory, experts still laim that dreams an e used to help us in many ways. They maintain that we often use dreams as a method of suonsious prolem-solving. For example, if you are moving to a new house, you might e onerned aout how you are going to arrange your furniture. In your dream 30 35 40 45 50 55 OF DREAMS you go through all the options and y morning, you have worked it all out. It is no longer a stressful issue. 4 If, for instane, you have had skiing lessons during the day, it is possile you will dream aout them, and this extra pratie ould help improve your performane the following day. 5 Psyhiatrist Thomas Mellman of the Howard Shool of Mediine elieves that when a person dreams aout a partiularly distressing event, it is more often than not a sign that he is stuk in that experiene and unale to get over it. In suh a ase, his dream is a signal that he may need professional help in order to overome his prolem. We have all this knowledge today thanks to intensive researh on dreams, whih was started in the 1950s. Sientists have found that sleep an e divided into several stages. The stage when people dream most has two main harateristis intense rain ativity and rapid eye movement (REM). Sientists reahed this onlusion after disovering that people an reall and relate the ontent of their dreams muh more easily when they wake up in the middle of this stage of sleep. 6 It is true that people also dream during other stages of sleep, ut their dreams are not as vivid. All in all we have ome a long way sine the days when dreams were onsidered a form of ommuniation with the gods. 7 So when you are faed with a prolem and someone suggests that you sleep on it, this is a very sensile suggestion. The solution ould well e found in your dreams! A But dreams don t just offer pratial solutions, they an also help ertain kinds of learning. B In fat, she feels that dreaming is like telling a very personal story. C Researh also shows that REM sleep aounts for approximately 25 per ent of adult sleep, whih means that a lot of time is spent dreaming. D Dreams an also indiate that a person may still e suffering from a past traumati experiene. E In anient times, many people elieved that dreams predited the future. F Today s researhers see dreams as a means to improve learning, reveal prolems and to help us ope with other kinds of prolems ourselves. G Through the orret interpretation of dreams we an understand these hidden wishes and even help ure mental illness. H In anient Greee, for example, people elieved that dreams ould help ure us of an illness. THE TEXT AND YOU Tell your partner aout an interesting dream you have had. 86 87
VOCABULARY FROM THE TEXT A Math the phrase to its definition. 1. go through something (line 30) 2. for instane (line 32) 3. more often than not (lines 38-39) 4. get over something (line 40) 5. in suh a ase (line 40) 6. reah a onlusion (line 48) 7. have ome a long way (line 54) 8. as a means to (sentene F) B Choose the orret answer. 1. The exam was... into five parts. a. divided. separated 2. The patient made a... reovery. a. hasty. rapid 3. What is your... on the sujet? a. attitude. view 4. Moving to a new house an e a very... experiene. a. stressful. vivid D Complete the text using the words elow. related interpretation ope overome realled distressing pratial onerned Pharaoh s Dream... a. as a way to.... have made muh progress... 1. onsider arefully... d. deide something (ased on information)... e. overome something... f. when this happens... g. for example... h. in most ases In the Bile, one of the most well-known stories aout dreams is aout the dream Pharaoh had. One night, this Egyptian king dreamed aout seven thin ows that ate seven fat ows yet remained thin! This dream was very (1)... distressing for Pharoah. Fortunately, one of his servants (2)... meeting a man alled Joseph who understood the meanings of dreams. Pharaoh alled for Joseph and (3)... his dream to him. Joseph gave this (4)... of the dream: The seven fat ows symolise seven good years with lots of food. The thin ows mean that after these years, Egyptians will have to (5)... with seven diffiult years of very little food. Pharoah was very (6)... aout what Joseph said and asked him what to do. Joseph offered a (7)... solution he suggested saving food during the seven good years so that there would e enough for the seven ad years. Pharaoh s dream ame true and y following Joseph s suggestions, Egypt was ale to (8)... the food shortages during the seven ad years. 5. He was... with a diffiult prolem at work. a. faed. oped 6. I have just signed up for a two-week... ourse in German. a. onentrated. intensive 7. Can you help me with my homework? I m really.... a. stuk. nervous 8. Some students have... dreams aout shool. a. reurring. repeating C PRACTISING NEW WORDS With a partner, ask and answer the following questions. Use the words in olour in your answers. 1. What are most parents onerned aout today? 4. What is your favourite Greek temple? Most parents are onerned aout... 5. What furniture have you got in your edroom? 2. What harateristis do you look for in a friend? 6. Why is good ommuniation etween parents 3. What options are you onsidering for a future areer? and hildren important? EXPANSION E WORD-BUILDING Complete the hart. Then omplete the sentenes using words from the hart. Make any neessary hanges. Ver Noun Adjetive Positive Negative at ation / ative... ativity inative... desire desired / desirale undesirale... development developing / underdeveloped / developed undeveloped... division divided undivided... reovery solve... 1. I wish I ould find a... solution to this prolem! 2. I m glad that you ve... from your illness. 3. It s raining. I have no... to go out today. 4. A alaned diet is essential for a hild s healthy growth and.... 5. The ook is... into seven hapters. 6. She s over 90 ut is still very.... 7. The little oy always has his parents... attention. F EASILY CONFUSED WORDS Choose the orret word to omplete eah sentene. 1. reover / ure The dotors are sure they an... ure her ut it will take a long time for her to... reover. 2. affet / effet Did the news... her adly? Yes, it had a terrile... on her. 3. sensile / sensitive It was very... of you to warn Anne in advane. She s suh a... person and gets worried very easily. 4. enale / unale John is... to uy a house, ut a loan from the ank will... him to make his dream ome true. 5. experiene / experiment I don t like siene lessons eause I one had an unpleasant... while I was doing an.... 6. disover / reveal Be areful not to... where the Easter eggs are hidden. Let the hildren... them y themselves. GRAMMAR Reported Speeh Statements Read the examples elow. What hanges were made in the ver tenses? Jim said, I dreamt aout Susan last night. Jim said that he had dreamt aout Susan the night efore. Tom said, I have had this dream many times. Tom said that he had had that dream many times. Questions How does the word order hange in the reported questions elow? Jane asked, Do you have similar dreams? Jane asked me if / whether I had similar dreams. He asked her, What did you do yesterday? He asked her what she had done the day efore. Commands What happens to the ver in reported ommands? The teaher said, Try again! The teaher told us to try again. Karen said, Don t put your ooks here! Karen told me not to put my ooks there. Reporting Vers UNIT 9 When we report statements we often use say or tell. Other examples of reporting vers are explain, omplain, onfess. She said (that) she was tired. She told me (that) she was tired. She explained that she hadn t got muh sleep the night efore. To report questions we an use ask (+ ojet), want to know, wonder. I asked Bill what he had dreamt the previous night. To report ommands, we an use told, ordered, reminded, advised, warned, asked (+ ojet). The dotor advised Jim to stop worrying so muh. SEE THE GRAMMAR APPENDIX, PAGE 165. A Rewrite the following sentenes in reported speeh. 1. The neighours are making too muh noise! Mike omplained that the.. neighours were making too muh noise. 2. I won t forget to uy you a newspaper. Jenny promised that... 3. How long did it take you to reover from the flu? Tim asked... 4. Why weren t you studying this morning? Ellen s parents asked her... 5. Have they found a solution to their prolem? I wondered... 6. Don t play with mathes! She told the oy... 7. Sit down, Tom! The teaher asked Tom... 88 89
UNIT 9 B Report eah statement using the most suitale ver from the ox elow. C FOCUS ON MEANING eg suggest promise apologise (for) We an use these vers to report the general meaning of what someone says, rather than the speifi words. I m sorry that I roke the vase, said Kate. Kate apologised for reaking the vase. I won t do the dishes, Bill said. Bill refused to do the dishes. invite refuse Let s go to the eah this afternoon, said Jim. Jim suggested going to the eah that afternoon. 1. I m sorry I wasn t ale to all any earlier. Dennis... apologised for not alling earlier. 2. Please, please help me with my homework. My sister... 3. Let s go to the inema. Nany 4. I would like you to ome for supper this evening. My grandmother... 5. I won t go home! Bo... 6. I will e home y 11 o lok. Susan GRAMMAR AND YOU Complete the sentenes so they are true for you. 1. At the eginning of the lesson our teaher told 4. When I asked my mother why, she explained 2. Yesterday my friend said 5. My parents promised 3. Last week my friend asked 6. My friend wondered B Complete the seond sentene so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Use etween two and five words, inluding the word given. 1. Have you seen my glasses? my mother asked. p SEEN My mother asked me... glasses. 2. I an t open this jar, said Luy. p UNABLE Luy said that she... jar. 3. I m sorry that I m late, she said. p APOLOGISED She... late. 4. We ouldn t solve the prolem. p SOLUTION We ouldn t... prolem. 5. They are pulishing the ditionary on CD-ROM, said Henry. p COMING Henry said that the ditionary on CD-ROM. 6. If I were you, I wouldn t e onerned aout what Pat did, said Neil. p WORRY Neil told me... what Pat had done. 7. You really should exerise more regularly, said the dotor. p ADVISED My dotor... more regularly. 8. Don t make so muh noise! said the lirarian. p BE The lirarian... quiet. B2 EXAM PRACTICE A Choose the word or phrase that est ompletes the sentene. Grammar 1. Where is John? I don t know. He said he... home y 10.00. a. will e. would e. going to e d. would have een 2. The little oy s mother told him... so rudely. a. not to ehave. to not e ehaving. to not ehave d. not ehave 3. Melissa asked me whether... for long. a. had I waited. I had een waiting. had I een waiting d. I have waited 4. Brian omplained that he... well. a. doesn t feel. isn t feeling. wasn t feeling d. not feel 5. The teaher told us to give him our full and... attention. a. divided. divide. division d. undivided Voaulary 6. We are... with a serious prolem. a. faed. oped. dealt d. opposed 7. Alex was disappointed at not winning, ut he ll... it. a. go through. reak out of. work out d. get over 8. I don t like sailing as I one had a ad... on a oat. a. experiment. experiene. exeption d. expetation 9. The jury reahed the... that Jak was innoent. a. solution. onlusion. development d. interpretation 10. The room smelled... so I opened the window. a. intense. unonsious. unpleasant d. undesirale C Read the text elow. Use the word given in apitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the lank in the same line. THE DREAM MACHINE Imagine that you are assured of ending a (1)... day knowing STRESS that nothing is going to happen to you that is (2)... at least DISTRESS in your dreams! This may sound impossile, ut a mahine that will (3)... ABLE you to do just that might soon e availale. This mahine, whih is eing (4)... in Japan, uses lights, musi and speial smells to help DEVELOP you have a (5)... dream. You simply fix a photograph to the PLEASE mahine, while (6)... on the dream you want to have. The CONCENTRATE mahine only eomes (7)... during the REM stage of sleep, ACT when your eyes move (8).... RAPID What aout waking up at the end of the dream? Well, you needn t e (9)... at all. Relaxing musi is played to ring you CONCERN (10)... ak to the real world. GENTLE 90 91
YOUR YOUR SKILLS SKILLS LISTENING A 1. a Listen to 10 onversations. Eah onversation will e followed y a question. Choose the piture whih provides the orret answer. TIP Listen very arefully from the eginning of the dialogue. Sometimes the answer to the question is given at the eginning. 6. a 2nd 3rd 4th SPEAKING COMPARING PICTURES UNIT 9 SKILLS A GETTING READY Read what some students have said aout preparing for exams. Tik ( ) the omments you agree with. Then explain your hoies to your partner.... a. Personally, I prefer to study right up to the last minute..... I d muh rather get a good night s sleep efore an exam..... I think it is muh more effetive to do all your studying with friends efore an exam.... d. For me, there s no point in studying with friends we end up wasting too muh time.... e. I usually start preparing for an exam at the last minute. That way I rememer etter.... f. I an t think of anything worse than studying the night efore an exam. It s too muh pressure. B YOUR TASK Look at the pitures elow and do the task. Use the Speaking Guide to help you. The pitures elow show two students the night efore an important exam. Compare the pitures and say what you think is the est way to prepare for an exam. 2. a 7. a What is the est way to prepare for an exam? 3. a 8. a 4. a 9. a 2 days 3 days 4 days 5. a 10. a $90 $150 $300 C DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1 Read questions 1-5. Whih of these questions are answered elow? USEFUL EXPRESSIONS SPEAKING GUIDE B Listen to an interview aout teenage sleeping haits. For questions 1-10, omplete the sentenes. Tanya s artile will appear in a Dr Smith says teenagers should sleep for 2 every night. Tanya gets 3 sleep than the teenagers Dr Smith tested. Teenagers who don t get enough sleep sometimes eome moody and Dr Smith lames 5 for teenagers not sleeping enough. 1 TIP Always read all the questions efore you listen. Try and think what the answers might e. This will help you fous when you listen. 4 1. Is it really possile to learn the material for a test at the last minute? 2. Do you think an exam is a fair way to test a person s knowledge? 3. Should exams e replaed y a mark given y your teaher? 4. Does the pressure of taking an exam ring out the est in you? 5. Whih do you prefer written or oral exams? Why? On the one hand, exams are a good way to test a person s knowledge, ut on the other hand, some exams only test your memory. Expressing preferenes I d muh rather I think it s more effetive to For me, there s no point in Personally, I prefer to I an t think of anything worse than Answering disussion questions I think it depends on (a numer of things). First of all, I an think of (other ways of testing knowledge). For example, It s hard to say whether is the only / est way. Well, on the one hand,. But on the other hand Dr Smith reommends that a teenager shouldn t 6 in the afternoon. Dr Smith thinks that teenagers shouldn t have 7 in their edrooms. Dr Smith thinks that the report he read is 8 The Amerian prinipal deided to have lasses from to 9 Question... I think I prefer a written exam eause I an go over my answers and hange them if neessary. In Tanya s opinion, quite a few students in her shool would like to start shool in the 10 Question... C OVER TO YOU What do you think the ideal time to start shool would e? 2 Now ask and answer the questions aove with your partner. Use the Speaking Guide to help you. 92 93
WRITING STORY A GETTING READY Read the task elow and answer the questions that follow. Your English teaher has asked you to write a story for your shool magazine. The story must egin with the words: When I woke up this morning, I ould still rememer my dream quite learly. D FOCUS ON STYLE 1 Diret quotes or reported speeh an make your story more interesting. Underline at least four examples of diret quotes or reported speeh in the model. 2 Desriing your haraters feelings an make your story ome alive. Cirle words in the model that desrie how people feel. UNIT 9 SKILLS 1. Where should the sentene appear in the story? 2. Whih word or expression in the sentene an give you ideas for the story? B WORKING WITH A MODEL Read the model story and answer the questions that follow. THE DREAM When I woke up this morning, I ould still rememer my dream quite learly. I was sitting on the pavement in the entre of a strange ity and was egging people to give me money. It was terrile. At first, most people pretended I was invisile. Others muttered that I should get a jo. Then a woman passed y and omplained that I was loking her way. A few minutes later a polieman appeared and told me that I was reaking the law. If you ask for money again, I will arrest you, he warned me. I felt so upset and emarrassed. Then I egan to wander the streets. I kept asking myself where my family was and why they didn t ome to help me. I had never felt so lonely in all my life. Soon, it got dark and old and I had nowhere to go. Suddenly I woke up. I was still shivering when I got out of ed, ut my mood hanged quikly when I saw my family at the reakfast tale. I felt suh a sense of relief and then told them how great it was to see them. My little rother looked at me strangely and asked, Are you feeling OK? Never etter! I answered. 1. Does the writer desrie a good or ad dream? 2. How does she feel in her dream? Why? 3. How does she feel at the end of the story? Why? C Complete the plan the student made efore writing her story. PLAN OPENING Par 1 set the sene for your story BODY Pars 2-3 desrie your feelings and tell the events of the story CLOSING Par 4 desrie how your feelings hanged / end the story E FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: Expressions of sequene 1 Linking words or phrases like first and when I woke up show the sequene of events in the story and make it flow etter. Find expressions of sequene in the model and add them to the Writing Guide. The first one has een done for you. 2 Continue the sentenes elow in a logial way. 1. Just as I was falling asleep,... 2. As soon as I woke up, I... 3. I saw a woman running down the street. A few minutes later,... 4. The moment I saw them, I knew that... 5. At that very moment, everything... 6. When I told my friends aout my dream, they... F YOUR TASK Read the task elow and write your story in 120-180 words. Use the Writing Guide to help you. Your English teaher has asked you to write a story for your shool magazine. The story must egin with the words: Last night I had a very strange dream. WRITING GUIDE STEPS for writing your story 1. Read the task and underline the sentene you have to egin or end with. It will give you ideas for your story. 2. Think of the story you want to tell. These questions may help you: Where were you in the dream? Was anyone else you know there? Was it a good or a ad dream? How did you feel? What happened to you in the dream? How did you feel when you woke up? Why did you rememer the dream? 3. Write your plan. Follow the plan in Exerise C to help you. 4. Write your story. Rememer to use expressions of sequene to make the order of events lear. Try to use diret and reported speeh, and desrie people s feelings to make your story more interesting. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Expressions of sequene As soon as (I saw them), Just as we (were talking), we realised that The moment I (heard the news), I knew that When I woke up this morning TOPIC VOCABULARY dozed off fell asleep took a nap woke up with a start / ump had a nightmare / a vivid dream It was a sign that... SEE UNIT 9 REVIEW, PAGE 136. 94 95