POETRY: AN IMAGINATIVE EXPRESSION OF IDEAS AND EMOTIONS
Poetry usually... is arranged in lines. uses compressed (shrunken) language to make a point. has a regular pattern of rhythm. uses literary devices to appeal to our emotions and imagination.
Poetry sometimes... has a regular rhyme scheme
POETRY TERMS 1. Stanza the division of lines in a poem; a poem paragraph. Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Stanza one Stanza two
2. Meter the pattern and number of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. That time of year thou mayst in me behold Tell me not in mournful numbers https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=dxsu3hyhbss
Across the years he could recall His father one way best of all. In the stillest hour of night The boy awakened to a light. Half in dreams, he saw his sire With his great hands full of fire.
A woman who once heard a mouse ran screaming all throughout her house. She sent in the cat to dispose of the rat to find it was only her spouse.
3. Refrain the repeating of words and/or phrases throughout a poem. For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride, In the sepulcher there by the sea, In her tomb by the sounding sea.
4. End Rhyme: words at end of lines rhyme Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;
5. Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhyme (ex: aabb) Life is but life, and death but death! Bliss is but bliss, and breath but breath! And if, indeed, I fail, At least to know the worst is sweet. Defeat means nothing but defeat, No drearier can prevail!
6. Internal Rhyme: rhyme within the lines of a poem For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride, In the sepulchre there by the sea, In her tomb by the sounding sea.
7. enjambment- the running on of the thought from one line, couplet, or stanza to the next without a break in thought. NOT an enjambment: Enjambment: I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. A glooming peace this morning with it brings. The sun for sorrow will not show his head. Go hence, to have more talk of these sad things. Some shall be pardon d, and some punished. A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in summer wear A nest of robins in her hair;
8. Tone - is what the author projects or the author s attitude. There's a patch of old snow in a corner, That I should have guessed Was a blow-away paper the rain Had brought to rest. It is specked with grime as if Small print overspread it. The news of a day I've forgotten If I ever read it.
9. Mood-how you feel after reading the poem. (excited, joyous, somber, sad, etc..) For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride, In the sepulcher there by the sea, In her tomb by the sounding sea. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=1tkzl8_bxou
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE 1. A figure of speech is a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be understood as literally true.
2. SOUND DEVICES ARE POETIC DEVICES THAT RELATE TO SOUND, INCLUDING: CONSONANCE ASSONANCE ALLITERATION ONOMATOPOEIA
CONSONANCE- REPETITION OF CONSONANT SOUNDS WITHIN A LINE OF POETRY He gives his harness bells a Shake To ask if there is Some mistake. The only other Sound S the Sweep Of easy Wind and downy flake.
ASSONANCE- REPETITION OF VOWEL SOUNDS IN A LINE OF POETRY DO not go gentle into that good night, Old Age should burn And rave At close of day; RAge, rage AgAinst the dying of the light.
Alliterationrepetition of beginning consonant sounds in words close together Rain Three grey geese in a Rain races, green field grazing, Ripping like wind. Grey were the geese and Its restless rage green was the grazing. Rattles like Rocks ripping through The air.
Onomatopoeiathe use of a word whose sound imitates its meaning. splash hiss buzz roar
Other Figurative Language Allusion Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Idiom Hyperbole Symbol Imagery Irony
3. Allusion a reference to a well-known person, place, thing or event with which the writer assumes the reader will be familiar 1. George rushed in like Superman to save the man from the burning building. 2. We re not in Kansas anymore. 3. She pulled a Miley.
"As the cave's roof collapsed, he was swallowed up in the dust like Jonah, and only his frantic scrabbling behind a wall of rock indicated that there was anyone still alive". "Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities".
4. Simile a comparison between two things using like or as. She swims like a fish. He's as hairy as a gorilla. Peter laughs like a hyena. Mr. John is as wise as an owl. Allow me, it's as easy as ABC. Because I was embarrassed my face was as red as a ripe tomato. My love is like a red, red rose. The world is like a stage. As dry as a bone As easy as shooting fish in a barrel They fought like cats and dogs Stand out like a sore thumb
5. Metaphor a comparison between 2 things without using like or as. These can be implicit or explicit! He was a tornado, blasting his way through the opposing team. He was a lion in the fight. The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas. Education is your passport to satisfying employment. My love is a red, red rose.
6. Personification a figure of speech in which a non-human thing (an idea, object, or animal) is given human characteristics. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky. The run down house appeared depressed. The first rays of morning tiptoed through the meadow. She did not realize that opportunity was knocking at her door. He did not realize that his last chance was walking out the door.
Oxymoron a technique putting two words with opposite meanings together for a special effect. jumbo shrimp bittersweet old news small fortune http://www.oxymoronlist.com/#b
OXYMORONIC POEMS A blind man looks back Into the future with the Ear-splitting whispers of Unconcealed ghosts Thundering silently. A wealthy peasant marches Weakly across a blazing glacier As the stars in the cloudy sky Glisten grimly.
Imagery vivid description that appeals to the senses. They were flat round wafers, slightly browned on the edges and butter-yellow in the center. With cold lemonade they were sufficient for childhood s lifelong diet.
Symbol a concrete or real object used to represent an idea A bird, because it can fly, has often been used as a symbol of freedom.
SOME SYMBOL EXAMPLES: a dove for peace the rose for purity the stars and stripes for America the lion for strength and courage Red rose or red color stands for love or romance. Black is a symbol that represents evil or death. A ladder may stand as a symbol for a connection between the heaven and the earth. A broken mirror may symbolize separation
Hyperbole an extreme exaggeration or overstatement that a writer uses for emphasis. He's got tons of money. I will die if he asks me to dance. Her brain is the size of a pea. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. I told you a million times not to lie! He is older than the hills.
Irony a technique that uses a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its normal meaning. (verbal, dramatic, situational) Verbal: Danielle laughs all the time, so we call her Grumpy. Dramatic: The audience watching the movie knows that the girl s boyfriend is going to ask her to marry her, but she doesn t know. Situational: A fire station is on fire.
IDIOM A traditional way of saying something that does not seem to make sense if taken literally He s ready to kick the bucket. She s under the weather.
A chip on your shoulder - means you think you know a lot Sick as a dog - means you are very ill Rub someone the wrong way - meaning to annoy or bother Jump the gun - would mean to be doing something early Pay the piper - means you need to face the consequences of your actions