Lesson 13-15 March 29 th April 12 th Objectives: Verb Gustar and other verbs like it; (17-22) Introduction to er and ir verbs; Introduction to Vocabulary pertaining to different foods and beverages; Review of ar verbs (page 23-30) Verb Gustar and others like it -Students will learn the special construction of verb GUSTAR and others like it; -Students will learn the construction of IO + Gustar + noun to indicate what they like; -Students will learn the construction of IO + Gustar + verb in the infinitive form to indicate that they like an activity; -Students will learn the construction of Prepositional phrase + IO + Gustar + noun or Verb in the Infinitive Form to have a two way conversation indicating what one likes; -Students will learn how to make questions using verb Gustar; -Students will learn to form negative sentences using verb Gustar; Students will be introduced to the second (-er) and third (ir) conjugation verbs; Students will review vocabulary pertaining to foods/beverages and be able to construct sentences with Gustar to indicate foods that they like to eat at a particular time of day. Students will review ar verbs (pages 23-30 in the workbook) Practice: Students will work in pairs asking/replying to questions using vocabulary learned in today s session. Testing: Students will practice material covered by using teacher-generated quizzes/exercises on Quia and the Spanish workbook (sheets copied and handed to the class). I will refer to the pages that you need to work on.* 1
*The workbook that I have copied and handed out to my students is not perfect, but I will ensure that before you set out to do an exercise, if I spot a mistake, I will bring it to your attention. It is the only workbook that we have and, since I had it copied at my own personal expense, I would like to put it to use. However, before doing any of those exercises, you will need some grammatical instruction as to how to proceed with the answers. Also, sometimes the vocabulary words used in a particular book may reflect the regional Spanish of the person who created that book. Since I am from México, I will use regional vocabulary used in México. That does NOT MEAN that different regional expressions are wrong or incorrect. They are just that: different regional expressions. Note: This material will be covered over the period of three different sessions. GUSTAR (To) like (and verbs like it) (faltar, encantar, quedar,) Gustar (to please) is usually translated in English as to like. In Spanish, the subject becomes an indirect object so instead of I like, you like, etc., you use me, te, le, nos, os, les (to me, to you, to him, etc.) Ejem: Me gustan las películas mexicanas I like Mexican movies Except that you are not saying, I like Mexican movies, instead you are saying: Mexican movies are pleasing to me Therefore, this verb takes not a subject pronoun but an Indirect Object pronoun. Verb GUSTAR has two forms only in the present tense: Gusta singular form Me gusta la leche (I like milk) Me gusta el tenis (I like tenis) Gustan plural form Me gustan las uvas (I like grapes) Me gustan los deportes (I like sports) Verb GUSTAR is used with the following Indirect Object pronouns: Me (Yo) Me gusta(n) (I like) Te (Tú) Te gusta(n) (You like) Le (Ud.) Le gusta(n) (You like) Le (él) Le gusta(n) (He likes) Le (ella) Le gusta(n) (She likes) Nos (nosotros/as) Nos gusta(n) (We like) Os (Vosotros/as) Os gusta(n) (You like Spain only) Les (Uds.) Les gusta(n) (You like LA) 2
Les (Ellos) Les gusta(n) (They like) Les (Ellas) Les gusta(n) (They like) You use verb GUSTAR to say that you enjoy either a thing (gustar + noun) or to perform an action (gustar+verb in the infinitive form). E.G., Short form: Verb Gustar + noun Me gusta el pastel de queso. Me gustan las uvas. Me gustan las papas. Me gusta la música I like cheese cake. I like grapes. I like potatoes. I like music. Verb Gustar + verb in the infinitive form: Me gusta estudiar español. Me gusta comer enchiladas. Me gusta cantar Me gusta mirar la tele. I like to study Spanish. I like to eat enchiladas. I like to sing. I like to watch TV. To emphasize and clarify what one likes, and to generate a two way conversation, the following format is used (long form): A mí me gusta estudiar español. Y a tí? I do like to study Spanish. How about you? A él le gustan las papas? Y a tí? Does he likes potatoes. How about you? A tí te gusta la música? Do you like music? A ustedes les gusta la música de Rock? Do you like Rock Music? Please note that in Spanish we don t have the concept of I do, or I don t. We use No to mean both: No and I don t. Ejem: (short form) No, no me gustan los deportes. No, I do not like sports. Or, (long form) No, a mí no me gustan los deportes. No, I do not like sports. Please note that we place an emphatic No at the beginning of the sentence, to mean No, and a no before the indirect object within the sentence to mean I don t. Ejem: No, No me gusta cantar. No, I don t like to sing. (short form) No, a mí NO me gusta cantar. No, I don t like to sing. (long form) 3
Agreeing and disagreeing with what someone likes/dislikes: A mí también = A mí tampoco = Me too or I do too. Me neither or I don t either When you want to agree with someone with what they like, you would say: A mí también. (I do, too) When you want to agree with someone with what they don t like, you d say: A mí tampoco.(i don t either). Ej. (Argelia) A mí me gusta mucho la música clásica. I like classical music very much. (Judy) -A mí también! Me too! Or I do, too. (Argelia) -A mí no me gustan los deportes. I DO NOT like sports. (Judy) -A mí tampoco! Me neither or I don t either. Using prepositional phrases to emphasize who is doing the liking. Please note the format: Prepositional phrase + Indirect object + verb gustar + noun or verb in the infinitive form. We use this form when speaking with someone else or stating to someone about what we like/dislike. The short form is mostly used to state a like/dislike. Ej: A mí me gusta comer fresas para el desayuno. - I like to eat strawberries for breakfast. A mí = prepositional phrase Me = Indirect Object Gusta = to like Comer = to eat Fresas = thing that I like Please note that the verb following gustar will ALWAYS BE IN THE INFINITIVE FORM. A mí me A tí te gusta/gustan A Ud. A él A ella le le le A nosotros(as) nos A vosotros(as) os A ustedes les gusta/gustan A ellos les A ellas les There is one more use of the verb Gustar used in the second person of the singular (Tú ) and it is more of a colloquial expression to say that you like a person (in a romantic way): 4
Me gustas mucho!! (tú) I like you very much; And finally, the expression Y a tí? is used to mean: And you but literally you are asking: How about You What do you like? Y a tí, Qué te gusta? How about you? What do you like? Introduction to er and ir verbs. We have already learned how to use and conjugate first conjugation verbs, i.e., those which end in ar. Today we are going to learn second conjugation (-er) verbs and third conjugation (-ir) verbs and compare them to -ar The following is a table of all three conjugations: Verb Hablar (habl + ar) Comer (Com+er) Vivir (viv+ir) Yo Habl o Com o Viv o Tú Habl as Com es Viv es Ud. Habl a Com e Viv e El Habl a Com e Viv e Ella Habl a Com e Viv e Nosotros/as Habl amos Com emos Viv imos Vosotros/as Habl áis Com éis Viv ís Ustedes Habl an Com en Viv en Ellos Habl an Com en Viv en Ellas Habl an Com en Viv en Hablar = to speak Comer = to eat Vivir = to live The only difference in the second and third conjugations is in the Nosotros/as form (from- emos toimos). Remember we are not doing the vosotros/as form at this time. Some common verbs that end in er and ir: -ER -IR Aprender - to learn Vivir - to live Comer - to eat Recibir - to recelve Beber - to drink Asistir - to attend Comprender -to comprehend Abrir - to open Creer -to believe Escribir - to write Esconder - to hide Unir - to unite Hacer* - to do/to make Subir - to climb Leer -to read Sentir (e-ie) - to feel Temer - to fear Decidir - to decide 5
Vender - to sell Preferir (e-ie) - to prefer Ver - to see Insistir - to insist Tener (e-ie)* - to have Discutir - to discuss/to argue *These two verbs are used both, in their traditional meaning, and as auxiliary verbs to form other phrases. Ejem: We use verb Tener to speak about age, physical needs, pain or discomfort and in many other idiomatic expressions: Miguel tiene treinta años. (age) Tengo hambre (I am hungry) physical need; Tengo sueño (I am sleepy) (Discomfort) Miguel tiene frío (Mike is cold) Tienes razón! (You are right) (idiomatic expression) We use verb Hacer to speak about weather or time frames: Hace mucho frío = it is very cold!) Hace mucho tiempo = Long time ago More on that in lessons to come! Introduction to vocabulary pertaining to different foods and beverages to be used in conjuction with verb Gustar to indicate what you like to eat at a particular time of day: (please refer to your handout from last class). These are expressions used to talk about eating: Qué te gusta comer. -Para el desayuno -Para el almuerzo -Para la cena What do you like to eat. For breakfast For lunch For supper Also: -Por la mañana in the morning -Por la tarde In the afternoon -Por la noche At night -Me gusta comer. I like to eat -Me gusta beber I like to drink -Me gusta tomar. I like to drink -Un vaso de A glass of. -Una taza de A cup of. -Un jugo de A.juice -naranja -orange -uva - grape -manzana - apple -ciruela pasa - prune -tomate - tomato - verduras - vegetable 6
-Yo prefiero -Me encanta. -pesado -liviano -Una ensalada de Huevos -Huevos duros -Huevos fritos -Huevos tibios -Huevos revueltos -Una sopa -de pollo -de carne -de verduras -de tomate I prefer. I love. heavy light Salad eggs Hard-boiled eggs Fried eggs Soft-boiled eggs Scrambled eggs Soup chicken soup beef soup vegetable soup tomato soup Un sandwich A sandwich -de jamón y queso a ham and cheese sandwich -de atún tuna sandwich - de pollo chicken sandwich Una hamburguesa Una pieza de pollo Un bistec Un hotdog Un submarino Con Sin. A hamburger A piece of chicken A steak A hotdog A submarine sandwich with Without. Qué te gusta comer para el desayuno? What do you like to eat for breakfast? -Para el desayuno me gusta comer huevos con longaniza, me gusta beber un vaso de leche y pan con mantequilla. -For breakfast I like to eat eggs with sausage, I like to drink a glass of milk and bread with butter. Qué te gusta comer por la tarde? -No me gusta comer nada pesado. What do you like to eat in the afternoon? I don t like to eat anything heavy. - Prefiero comer algo liviano: uvas, nueces y tomar una taza de chocolate con leche. -I prefer to eat something light: some grapes, some nuts, and to drink a cup of chocolate milk. 7
Using verb Gustar to say that you enjoy a certain activity. Qué te gusta hacer? -What do you like to do? Te gusta nadar? Te gusta leer periódicos? Te gusta correr en el estadio? Te gusta visitar los museos? Te gusta ir al cine? Do you like to swim? Do you like to read newspapers? Do you like to jog at the stadium? Do you like to visit museums? Do you like to go to the movies? Ir = to go (We will learn this verb in its entirety in the very near future). And finally, review AR verbs on your workbook from pages 23-30 to talk about things you like to do. I have placed several exercises on Quia where you can go to practice vocabulary pertaining to fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood, etc. We will try them during class so you can learn how to use them. 8