Honors 10 English Final Exam Study Guide Part 1: Nonfiction Rhetoric (Rhetoric Notes) Be able to define rhetoric. Know the difference between Rhetorical Strategy and Stylistic Devices. Definition Examples Rhetorical Strategy Name: Stylistic Devices Know the Three Main Players in writing that determine the Author s purpose. (If the writer focuses on the, then the purpose of the piece is.) SOAPS Know what SOAPS stands for. Be able to do SOAPS for a small passage on the test. S: O: A: P:
S: Other Rhetoric Terms: Know the definition of tone. Be able to read a passage and identify the author s tone. Know the definition of alliteration. Know the definition of allusion. Know the definition of hyperbole. Know the definition of euphemism. Know the sound devices (onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance) Know figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification) Know the definition and types of irony. Part II: Greek Tragedy 1. Who is Dionysus? 2. What is the role of the chorus and choragus in Oedipus Rex? 3. How many performers were there on stage at one time? 4. What were the costumes like? 5. What is a tragedy? 6. Define tragic hero: Part III: Shakespearean Drama The Tragedy of Julius Caesar Characters: Caesar, Brutus, Cassius, Antony Plot Know the major events in the story.
Conflict Identify internal and external conflicts in the story. Internal Conflict vs. External Conflict vs. vs. vs. Themes Identify major themes from the play.
Part IV: Grammar Be able to define each of the phrases we studied. Punctuation Quotation marks When to use Commas Semi-colons Capitalization Underlining / Italicizing Be able to identify dependent clauses and independent clauses AND punctuate appropriately. Use the following abbreviations: IC = independent clause SUB = subject of a clause DC = dependent clause V = main verb of a clause 1. Confused by the situation Karen sat down for a moment and thought. 2. Joey the boy in the middle of the line who is tallest is pushing and shoving. 3. Choosing a college is an important decision that you will soon make. 4. Would you mind getting me some extra typing paper while I finish editing? 5. To take the retest before Friday was my goal. 6. The student that was raising his hand obviously knew the answer to the problem. 7. Mrs. Rager who earned her degree from GA State paced between the rows. 8. The car was severely damaged when I slid into a snow bank. 9. Because Langston Hughes grew up impoverished he had an acute appreciation for money. 10. After the prom ended Bane and Batman continued their battle.
Be able to tell if a participial phrase is used correctly, or if it is misplaced or dangling. 1. Confused by the strange new scent, the bloodhound tried to locate the criminal s trail again a. correct b. dangling c. misplaced 2. I tried to bake a cake, craving something sweet. a. correct b. dangling c. misplaced 3. Knowing he was wrong, the test had many eraser marks on it. a. correct b. dangling c. misplaced 4. Searching for a pen, I lent her one of mine. a. correct b. dangling c. misplaced 5. Filled to the brim, I needed to empty the trash can. a. correct b. dangling c. misplaced Know about active voice and passive voice. If it s passive, re-write to make it active. 1. The seeds were planted by the farmer. 2. Juan purchased a car from the dealer down the street. 3. The battle was won and to the victors went the spoils. Make sure to know correct verb tenses: 1. Judy saved thirty dollars. (past) 2. Judy will save thirty dollars. (future) 3. Judy has saved thirty dollars. (present perfect) 4. Judy had saved thirty dollars by the end of last month. (past perfect) 5. Judy will have saved thirty dollars by the end of this month. (future perfect) Notice: There can be only one "would have" action group in a sentence.
Make sure to know pronoun-antecedent issues (ambiguous reference) (http://www.towson.edu/ows/proref.htm) and agreement issues (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/595/01/): AMBIGUOUS REFERENCE: Which it is being fixed the radio or the car? Who is receiving the bonus? House is modified by Mary. She certainaly isn t a house, but there is not a proper antecent of she, thereby making this ambiguous reference. Although the motorcycle hit the tree, it was not damaged. Which was not damaged? PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT: WHY ARE THESE INCORRECT? If a student parks a car on campus, they have to buy a parking sticker. Everybody ought to do their best. When a person comes to class, you should have your homework ready. Who, exactly, is they?
Know proper subject-verb agreement (good resource: http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectverbagree.asp) 1. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) At the end of the story, they was living happily ever after. B) At the end of the story, they were living happily ever after. C) At the end of the story, they were living happily ever after. D) At the end of the story, they was living happily ever after. 2. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) Al and Eli go to the beach to surf with their friends. B) Al and Eli go to the beach to surf with their friends. C) Al and Eli goes to the beach to surf with their friends. D) Al and Eli goes to the beach to surf with their friends. 3. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) When Al and Eli arrive, they find that their friends has waxed their boards. B) When Al and Eli arrive, they find that their friends has waxed their boards. C) When Al and Eli arrive, they find that their friends have waxed their boards. D) When Al and Eli arrive, they find that their friends have waxed their boards. 4. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) A group of children from that school are not being cooperative. B) A group of children from that school is not being cooperative. C) A group of children from that school is not being cooperative. D) A group of children from that school are not being cooperative. 5. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) Unless our staff members really do cooperate, we will not meet our goals. B) Unless our staff members really do cooperate, we will not meet our goals. C) Unless our staff members really do cooperate, we will not meet our goals. D) Unless our staff members really do cooperate, we will not meet our goals. 6. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) Either Gary or I am responsible for allocating the funds. B) Either Gary or I are responsible for allocating the funds. C) Either Gary or I am responsible for allocating the funds. D) Either Gary or I are responsible for allocating the funds.
7. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) Neither she nor they were willing to predict the election results. B) Neither she nor they was willing to predict the election results. C) Neither she nor they was willing to predict the election results. D) Neither she nor they were willing to predict the election results. 8. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) Nora is one of the candidates who are worthy of my vote. B) Nora is one of the candidates who is worthy of my vote. C) Nora is one of the candidates who are worthy of my vote. D) Nora is one of the candidates who is worthy of my vote. 9. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) Nora, of all the candidates who are running, is the best. B) Nora, of all the candidates who are running, is the best. C) Nora, of all the candidates who is running, is the best. D) Nora, of all the candidates who is running, is the best. 10. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) My problem, which is minor in comparison with others, exists because I dropped out of high school. B) My problem, which is minor in comparison with others, exist because I dropped out of high school. C) My problem, which is minor in comparison with others, exists because I dropped out of high school. D) My problem, which is minor in comparison with others, exist because I dropped out of high school. 11. Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have been correctly identified and in which the subjects A) His dogs, which is kept outside, bark all day long. B) His dogs, which is kept outside, bark all day long. C) His dogs, which are kept outside, bark all day long. D) His dogs, which are kept outside, bark all day long.
PART V: Literary Terms (know these) 1. textual evidence 2. infomercial 3. main idea /central idea / primary purpose 4. theme 5. review (literary, movie, etc.) 6. narrative writing 7. analytical writing 8. expository writing 9. skimming 10. theme 11. tone (how does one find tone?) 12. reading strategies 13. diction 14. methods of organization a. question / answer b. spatial c. chronological d. cause and effect e. order of importance f. Comparison and Contrast g. Geographical Organization h. Inductive i. Deductive 15. Claim 16. Warrant 17. Data 18. Rhetoric 19. Rhetorical Strategies (32 of them ) 20. Ethos, Pathos, Logos 21. Symbolism / symbols 22. Style
Examples of Methods of Organization by Alex Burke, Demand Media In the world of business, methods of organization can be used to convey an idea, relay information, assemble a procedure and seal a deal. Methods of organization create order and direct the thoughts of the audience interacting with the information. Whether it is creating a report, sorting data, presenting an idea or organizing facts, choosing a method of organization sets the stage for decision-making. Chronological Order Chronological order places each piece of information into a sequence of dates or time frames. This method of organization is helpful when reviewing historical data or explaining why or how a particular result occurred over time. It can also be used to highlight the need for a particular project to occur because of a sequence of events. For example, the need to update, replace or rebuild a technology infrastructure can be presented using chronology to pinpoint purchase dates and previous changes. Order of Importance Organizing data by order of importance helps build the strength of an argument or idea. Each new piece of information presented builds on the last piece to result in a logical conclusion. Organizing by importance also works when presenting the most important piece of information first followed by less important information. Using the most important piece of information first can capture the attention of the listener while less important pieces of information support the initial question or idea. For instance, a presentation designed to sell a medical product might open with the most important fact, such as how many people might be helped by using the product, followed by information supporting the product facts. Related Reading: Examples of Turnover Killing an Organization Comparison and Contrast A simple chart of comparison is a method of organization used when a decision must be made among several products, techniques or job candidates. This method of organization identifies the similarities and differences among the products or items being discussed. Comparison and contrast is a method that uses visual tools such as diagrams, charts or lists to convey information. Geographical Organization Location and geography provide guideposts for sequencing events or organizing business data. Geography can be used to break down sales data by state, region or city, organize a meeting or arrange travel plans. Spatial or location information can help organize the placement of a company's various departments within a building and identify more efficient work arrangements between each group. Inductive The inductive method of organization orders information by complexity and places facts before conclusions and recommendations. Facts are presented as an investigation of the parts and pieces of a problem or issue. Conclusions and recommendations are drawn from the investigation of the facts. The inductive organization method is useful when rumors or previously drawn conclusions have caused confusion in the minds of a target audience. Deductive The deductive organization method begins with a recommendation and follows with information to support that recommendation. Facts, statistics and examples of success or failure can be used to support a recommendation. Deductive organization works well when the target audience is knowledgeable on the topic being presented or when a selection process, such as choosing from a small selection of possibilities, people, projects and location, is undertaken.