THESIS MANUAL INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING THE PREPARATION OF THESES FOR THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES

THESIS MANUAL INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING THE PREPARATION OF THESES FOR THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences Sul Ross State University August 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS WRITING THE THESIS... 1 Page Standards and Requirements... 1 Presentation of the Material... 1 Selecting and Using a Journal Model... 1 Using a Style Manual... 2 Language and General Grammatical Style... 2 Publication of the Research; Copyright Issues... 3 Registering Copyright... 5 The Optional Copyright Page... 5 ORGANIZING AND FORMATTING THE MANUSCRIPT... 6 Thesis Content Organization... 6 Chapter or Section Method... 6 Page Size... 6 Font... 7 Use of Bold and Italics... 7 Line Spacing... 7 Minimum Page Length... 8 Margins... 8 Page Numbers... 8 Page Number Placement... 8 Paragraph: Spacing and Indentation... 8 Sentences... 8 Major Headings... 9 Subheadings... 9 Figures/Tables: Color, Size, and Legibility... 10 Figures/Tables: Text Mention... 10 Figures/Tables: Placement in Text... 10 Figures/Tables: Long and Continued... 10 Figures/Tables: Landscape... 10 Figures/Tables: In Appendix... 10 Figures/Tables: Titles and Numbering... 11 Figure/Table Titles: Placement... 11 Figure/Table Titles: Large Figure Title/Long Caption on a Separate Page... 11 Lists of Figures, Tables, and Appendices... 11 Literature Cited... 12 Text Mention of References... 12 Appendices.... 13 Appendix Headings... 13 Appendix Figures and Tables.... 13

FORMAT INSTRUCTIONS AND SAMPLES FOR SPECIFIC PAGES... 14 Title Page... 15 Approval Page... 17 Abstract... 19 Optional Preliminary Pages (Copyright, Dedication, Acknowledgements)... 21 Table of Contents... 25 List of Figures, List of Tables, and List of Appendices... 30 Vita... 34 Page 1, Chapter Method (with Journal Model Sentence)... 36 Page 1, Section Method (with Journal Model Sentence)... 38 Page Showing Subheadings... 39 Pages with a Figure and a Table... 40 PRINTING THE MANUSCRIPT... 46 Legibility... 46 Corrections... 46 Binding and Fees... 46 Paper... 46 THESIS SUBMISSION TIMELINE... 47 Deadlines... 47 Other Requirements... 48 APPENDIX 1: Copyright and Your Dissertation or Thesis... 49 APPENDIX 2: Proper Acknowledgement in Text for Copyright Material... 54 APPENDIX 3: Landscape Figures and Tables... 55 APPENDIX 4: Page Numbering in Word 2007... 69 APPENDIX 5: ProQuest/UMI Publishing Agreement... 72 APPENDIX 6: Thesis Example (Chapter Method)... 83 APPENDIX 7: Thesis Example (Section Method)... 107

WRITING THE THESIS Standards and Requirements This manual was written by the College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences of Sul Ross State University to help graduate students and their committee members prepare theses. Its purpose is to define uniform standards of style and format and to allow enough flexibility to satisfy the practices of each academic discipline in the College. Sul Ross State University requires a thesis from all thesis option master's candidates. The thesis should be presented in a scholarly, well-integrated and properly documented manner and should report the original work done by the student under the supervision of the advisory committee. Presentation of the Material The finished manuscript is to be an independent professional effort. In the thesis the student must use clear English, show an overall understanding of the literature in the field, and present clearly the method, significance and results of the research. Full documentation and useful tables and/or figures are especially important. The document should not be longer than is necessary to present the research thoroughly. Thesis length can vary widely depending on the research topic, academic discipline and the degree sought. There is no specific minimum or maximum length. The thesis is presented in either sections or chapters. The section method is used if only one experiment or study was conducted. The first and last sections must be Introduction and Literature Cited respectively. Other section titles may include Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions. The chapter method is used if several studies or experiments were conducted. The first chapter is Introduction, followed by separate stand-alone chapters for each experiment or study, each with subdivisions such as Introduction, Materials and Methods, Discussion and Summary, Literature Cited. No inclusive Literature Cited chapter at the end of the thesis is required in this case. Selecting and Using a Journal Model The student must select a journal to be used as a style guide in writing the thesis. The journal must be a respected, scholarly journal, well known in the major field. The selected journal will be noted on page 1 of the thesis. (See pp. 36 and 38 for a sample page 1 with a journal model sentence and instructions for preparation.) A style manual such as Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations or the Publication Manual of the APA is not to be listed as a model. 1

Follow the journal model for: Location table titles (above or below table) Location of figure titles (above or below figure) Format and content of the Reference section Text mention of reference citations Whenever there are differences in format and layout between the specifications of the Thesis Manual and the journal model, the Thesis Manual overrules the journal. The more sophisticated publication and layout practices of some journals are not accepted in theses. Some examples of format common in journals but not allowed in theses are: large and small capital letters for major headings and subheadings, figure captions beside the figures, text in double columns and text beside figures. A journal's Instructions to Contributors information is not to be followed exactly when writing a thesis. (These instructions are for the convenience of the editors and printers of a journal and do not necessarily apply to the format of a thesis.) Using a Style Manual The Thesis Manual does not address all questions pertaining to style and format for the preparation of a thesis. Many manuals and handbooks are available for this purpose. For specific questions not answered in the Thesis Manual, the current edition of Scientific Style and Format: the CBE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers may be helpful. Language and General Grammatical Style Use English throughout the manuscript (except for the Spanish abstract required in all manuscripts, for literature available only in a language other than English, and for direct quotes in a language other than English). Use active voice whenever possible and appropriate. If the subject of a sentence is doing the action, then the sentence is in active voice. If the subject of a sentence is the recipient of the action, then the sentence is in passive voice. In addition, use first person whenever possible and appropriate because it generally is more accurate, more concise, and less likely to contain grammatical errors. For example, Preferred: We collected 26 specimens. [first person, active voice] Correct: A total of 26 specimens was collected. [passive voice] Incorrect: A total of 26 specimens were collected. [passive voice] The last sentence is grammatically incorrect because the subject of the sentence is total (a 2

singular noun), not specimens (a plural noun that is part of a prepositional phrase). Grammar checkers in word-processing software typically do not catch this error because they refer back to the last noun preceding the verb. Use of active voice and first person also will help limit use of nominalizations: verbs used as nouns by adding endings such as -tion or -ment. These sometimes are referred to as smothered verbs, and it is better to activate them. For example, Nominalization: Collection of samples occurred 0900-1300 h. Preferred: We collected samples 0900-1300 h. Nominalization: Measurements of length of tail were taken for all specimens. Nominalization: We took measurements of length of tail for all specimens. Preferred: We measured length of tail for all specimens. Keep words and phrases as close as possible to the words that they modify. Otherwise confusion can result. This often occurs with dangling participles: verbs that end in -ing that are used as adjectives. For example, Incorrect: We documented reproductive behavior of minnows using underwater cameras. Acceptable: Using underwater cameras, we documented reproductive behavior of minnows. Preferred: We used underwater cameras to document reproductive behavior of minnows. As written, the first sentence suggests that minnows use underwater cameras while reproducing (an activity worth documenting). This is because minnows is the closest noun to the participial phrase ( using underwater cameras ). In the second sentence, the participial phrase is closer to the word ( we ) that it modifies, which improves clarity. In the third sentence, the participial phrase was eliminated. Avoid use of terms, jargon, and abbreviations not widely used across subdisciplines of natural history, and never do so without first defining them in your text as outlined elsewhere in these instructions. Publication of the Research: Copyright Issues It is the student s responsibility to be aware of and adhere to U.S. copyright laws regarding the thesis and its contents. If you publish material that will be part of your thesis before you submit the thesis: Graduate students may publish material that will later be used as part of the thesis. However, you must be aware of the agreement you sign when a journal accepts an article for publication. Sul Ross State University makes all manuscripts available to the public on the Internet. Do not sign any agreement that limits the rights of Sul Ross State University to provide research results to the public. 3

If you are using your already published material in the thesis (journal policies): Students should be aware of the publishing agreement you sign when a journal accepts an article for publication. At that time, the student/lead author typically transfers copyright to the journal as publisher, and you may no longer possess the right to use this material without permission. However, the publishing agreement form can be modified before it is signed so that the student retains the right to include the material in the thesis. The publisher would still have the rights it needs to print, distribute, and sell the work. When negotiating with the publisher, remember to inform them that the thesis will be available to the public through the Internet. If you have not retained the right to use your previously published material in the thesis, you must get permission from the copyright holder to include it. A written statement of permission (email is accepted) should be provided to the Dean s Office. See Appendix 1 for information on permission to use copyright material and for a sample letter requesting permission. If the journal retains the right to an article and does not allow its exact reproduction in your thesis, we recommend that you contact them to ascertain whether a revised or reworded chapter is acceptable. Regardless of which rights you have retained, the Dean s Office will require written documentation as evidence you have appropriate rights to include the pre-published material in your thesis. This evidence might be a copy of the publication agreement, website documentation about author retained rights, emails or other forms of written permission from the publisher. If you are planning to use your thesis material in a future publication: Students who plan to publish thesis material in future articles need to investigate whether the journal of choice will publish material already made available to the public and consider this when choosing an option for making the thesis available after graduation. You have the option to restrict full-text access to your thesis for a period of time before releasing it to the Internet to allow time to publish in journals whose policy is to be first publisher. If you plan to include others copyrighted material in the thesis: If the manuscript contains any material (figures, tables, text, etc.) taken from copyrighted sources, the student has the responsibility to determine if permission from the copyright holder is needed. The student should consider a number of factors when utilizing material from other sources, including whether or not the material is in the public domain or can be used under the provisions of Fair Use. Regardless of whether or not permission is required, proper credit must be given in the text. For material which requires permission, acknowledgment should be included in the text, per the instruction of the copyright holder or as noted in the Appendix 2. An extra copy of the letter (or an email) must be provided to the Dean s Office. 4

To summarize, if using published material: Determine if the material is copyrighted or not. Non-copyrighted material may be reused freely, as long as credit is given to the original source. If the material is copyrighted, determine if it may be included in your thesis under the provisions of Fair Use. If Fair Use applies, do not seek permission. If Fair Use does not apply, obtain permission (in either the publisher agreement or in a letter or email from the copyright holder). Give proper acknowledgment of all work created by others and included in the thesis. Provide the Dean s Office with a copy of the permission letter or email (or publisher agreement form). Students must inform the copyright holder of the publishing option to be elected upon completion of the thesis (open access, traditional). Registering Copyright Your manuscript is automatically protected under U.S. copyright as soon as the work is created in a fixed form. Master s and doctoral candidates may wish to take additional steps to register their copyright through the U.S. Copyright Office. Information is available at http://copyright.gov. Although it is not required, there are benefits to registering your copyright, including additional legal remedies if you face copyright infringement. The Optional Copyright Page Students may include as the second page of the thesis a copyright page, which includes the title of the document, student name, year of graduation and a copyright notice in the proper form. The copyright notice must include three elements: the copyright symbol or the word Copyright ; the year of publication; and the name of the copyright owner. For example, a thesis submitted in Fall 2011 would carry a notice such as Copyright 2011 Angela Aggie. (See page 22 of this manual for a sample.) The copyright notice indicates that the student owns copyright to the thesis as an original work of authorship. It may be included regardless of whether the student has officially registered copyright with the U.S. Copyright Office and regardless of whether portions of the document are copyrighted by others. Although this page is optional, it is good practice to include it in the thesis because it informs the public that the work is protected by copyright, identifies the student as copyright holder, and shows the year of original publication. For additional information, see Appendix 1 of this manual. 5

Thesis Content Organization ORGANIZING AND FORMATTING THE MANUSCRIPT The following list gives the contents in the proper order of presentation. All sections marked with an asterisk ( ) must be included in the manuscript. Preliminary Pages (with Roman numeral page numbers) *Title Page Copyright Page *Approval Page *Abstract Dedication Acknowledgments *Table of Contents *List of Figures (if there are two or more figures in text) *List of Tables (if there are two or more tables in text) *List of Appendices (if there are two or more) Text (with Arabic numeral page numbers) *Introduction (as first chapter or section) *Main body of text divided into various chapters or sections *Literature Cited (as last section if using the section method; embedded at the end of each chapter if using the chapter method) Supplemental Sections Appendix material *Vita Chapter or Section Method Divide the text of the thesis into chapters if multiple studies or experiments will be presented (chapters numbered with Roman numerals) Divide the text of the thesis into major sections if presenting only one study or experiment (major sections NOT numbered) The first chapter or major section is INTRODUCTION See pages 36 and 38 for sample first pages of chapter and section methods. Page Size The entire document will be in 8.5" x 11 " (letter) page size. Pages may be set in landscape position (11 x 8.5 ) for figures and tables that do not fit optimally in portrait position. (See Appendix 3 for instructions.) Larger pages may be allowed for figures or tables that need to be larger. These may be 11" x 17". Consult with your committee chair for more information. 6

Font Use 12-point Times New Roman for all text. Broken, colored or faint print is not acceptable for text. Font Exceptions Appendix material and text within figures and tables are not considered text and may be different type styles and sizes. Point size may not be smaller than 7-point. Use of Bold and Italics Boldface is used for all major headings Bold and italics may be used for subheadings. The use of italics for et al., in vivo, in vitro, and other Latin and foreign words is determined by the journal model. Consistency is needed in the thesis (exception: keep the original style (italic or not) of foreign words in a publication title listed in the reference section of the thesis.) Line Spacing The following must be double-spaced: Abstract Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents Body of the manuscript Literature Cited Headings and subheadings more than one line in length Figure and table titles within the body of the manuscript. The following must be single-spaced: Footnotes and endnotes are single-spaced with a single space or spacing of text between footnotes. Lists of figures, tables, and appendices are single-spaced within each title with a double space between each title. The following may be single-spaced: Block quotations, lists in text, and text within tables and figures Appendix material Vita page 7

Page Transition Do not end a page with less than two lines of a paragraph. Do not begin a page with less than two lines of a paragraph. Do not begin or end a page with a hyphenated word. Margins Standard margin settings are 1 left, 1 right, 1 top, and 1 bottom. All writing (text, tables, figures, Appendices, etc.) must be placed within the margins-- with the exception of the page numbers. All text is justified left. Do not use right or full justification. Page Numbers Page numbers must be the same font style and size as the text (Times New Roman, 12pt) Every page in the thesis (except the Title Page, the optional Copyright Page, and the Approval Page) must be numbered. The Title and Approval Pages are considered to be pages i and ii, but no page number is shown on these two pages. (The Copyright Page does not have a number, although it is placed between the Title Page and the Approval Page.) Preliminary pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals, beginning with the Abstract (numbered iii). Text pages are numbered with Arabic numerals, beginning with the first page of text (numbered 1). Every page following will have a page number, including Appendix pages. The Vita is the last numbered page. For help with this go to the Page Numbering in Word information in Appendix 4. Page Number Placement All page numbers are centered in the bottom margin, approximately 3/4 inch from the bottom edge of the page. (See pages 36 and 38 for sample first pages.) Paragraph: Spacing and Indention Indent the first line of each paragraph (0.5 inches). Paragraphs are separated by one double space (do not add space before or after paragraphs). Sentences All sentences must end with a period. Insert two spaces after each sentence end period. 8

Major Headings Major headings in a thesis include the following: TITLE of the thesis on the Title Page TITLE of the thesis on the Approval Page Headings ABSTRACT, DEDICATION, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, TABLE OF CONTENTS, LIST OF FIGURES, LIST OF TABLES, LIST OF APPENDICES on the preliminary pages CHAPTER designations and titles (or major section titles; see pages 36 and 38 for the difference in formatting) The word LITERATURE CITED on the first page of references APPENDIX designations and titles The word VITA on the Vita page. The rules for major headings are: All must be centered at the top of a new page and in ALL CAPITAL letters (exception: genus and species) They must be the same size as the text. Major headings must be in bold type, but they may not be in italic type (exception: genus and species, literary titles and ship names). No punctuation after a major heading. If major headings are more than one line, use a double space between the lines. Subheadings Subheadings are used throughout the thesis to organize chapters into different sections/parts. The formatting rules for subheadings are: Subheadings cannot be centered and all capital letters (as this defines major headings). First order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface using standard rules of title case capitalization. Second order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface italics with sentence case capitalization. Third order subheadings are placed flush left in italics with sentence case capitalization. Use the same point size as text for all subheadings. Do not put punctuation after a major heading or subheading that is on a line by itself. The style used for subheadings must be consistent throughout the thesis from chapter to chapter. Use double-spacing for subheadings more than one line in length. Maintain double spacing above and below subheadings (no extra spaces). Subheadings/subsections do not need to begin on a new page; text continues within a chapter or section. A subheading at the bottom of a page must have at least two lines of text under it. 9

Figures/Tables: Color, Size, and Legibility Color is acceptable in figures in text and in appendices, but should be minimized. Color is unacceptable in tables. The minimum size for capital letters and numbers within figures and tables is 1.5 mm. (7 point type or more is recommended). All lettering must be of publishable quality; this includes scanned images. Images must be clear; no blurred or dark areas. Figures/Tables: Text Mention Each figure and table must be mentioned in text in order by its number. Appendix figures and tables do not need to be mentioned in text. Figures/Tables: Placement in Text Tables and figures must appear on the first page following the first mention in the text. Example: If the first mention of Figure 1 in the text occurs on page 3, Figure 1 must appear on page 4. Do not put text on the same page with tables and figures. Tables and figures may be placed in an Appendix. If so, they are numbered by Appendix as A-1, A-2, B-1, B-2, etc. Figures/Tables: Long and Continued Tables or figures longer than one page have the complete title and the number on the first page only. (See pages 40-45 for examples.) Subsequent pages have the table or figure number (but not the title) and the word "Continued," plus (for tables) the necessary column headings for ease of reading. The end line of the completed table appears only on the last page of the table. Figures/Tables: Landscape If the table or figure is placed lengthwise (landscape position), the top of the table or figure must be at the left-hand, binding side of the page and facing in the same direction as the figure or table. The page number stays in regular (portrait) position. See page 42 for an example. For help see Appendix 3 of this manual. Figures/Tables: In Appendix If an appendix contains text with embedded tables or figures, number them consecutively with the Appendix designation (Figure/Table A-1, Figure/ Table A-2, Figure/Table B-1, etc.). 10

Appendix figures/tables do not need to be mentioned in the thesis. If they are mentioned in thesis text, they do not need to be mentioned in order. Figures/Tables: Titles and Numbering Each table and figure in the text must have a separate number and a unique title. Figures and tables are numbered consecutively throughout the text, and each table or figure must be mentioned in order and by number in the text. In text, figure/table numbering style must be consecutive (1, 2, 3) if you are using the section method or by chapter (1.1, 1.2, 2.1) if you are using the chapter method. Do not number figures and tables by subsection. The chosen numbering style must be used for both figures and tables (by chapter or consecutive). Titles more than one line in length are double spaced. Appendix figures and tables are numbered consecutively by appendix desgnation, numbered A-1, A-2, etc. Figures/Tables in the Appendix do not need to be mentioned in text. Figure/Table Titles: Placement Placement of titles on tables and figures (above or below) is determined by the journal chosen as a model. Exception: Placement of titles beside figures and tables is not acceptable in a thesis. The first line of titles is not indented (flush left). Type size and style of titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Figure Titles: Large Figure Title/Long Caption on a Separate Page This format may be used only when there is not enough space for the caption on the page with the figure. If the title (or caption) must go on a separate page, place it on the page preceding the figure, facing in the same direction as the figure (portrait or landscape). There should be no other text on a page with a separate figure title. The pages are consecutively numbered, with the page numbers in the standard position. In the List of Figures, the number of the page on which the figure itself appears is the page number listed. The format is never used with tables. Lists of Figures, Tables, and Appendices Lists are necessary if there are two or more figures or tables in text. (If there is only one, the List is optional.) Lists of Figures and Tables must agree word for word with figure and table titles in the text. The entire title must be included in the List (exception: parenthetical information may be 11

excluded from the List). Figures and tables must be found on the page given in the List. List of Appendices are necessary if there are more than two appendices. Appendices are numbered as A-1, A-2, A-3, etc. List of Appendices must agree word for word with appendices titles. The entire appendix title must be included in the List. Literature Cited Each thesis must contain at least one formal LITERATURE CITED reference section either as the last section of the thesis (if using the section method) or at the end of each chapter (if using the chapter method). The title is centered at the top of a new page in ALL CAPITAL letters and in boldface. Use the model journal to determine the following: Capitalization, punctuation and ordering of information within each citation The order of citations (alphabetized, alphabetized and numbered or non-alphabetized and numbered) The use of italics, quotation marks, and bold type.. Contents of each citation. Include the following regardless of whether the model journal does: Volume number and page range for journal articles Publisher and city for books; city for universities, labs or corporations Sufficient information for retrieval of unpublished material Author or entity, title, date or date accessed and the specific web address for Internet material All authors for a multi-authored publication (do not use et al. regardless of how many authors there are) A date (year) for every citation Consistency in designation of state names (abbreviated or not) Consistency in journal names or abbreviations Consistency in ordering multiple entries with same first author. Spacing: Use double-spacing throughout the entire section. Use a hanging-paragraph indent of 0.5 inch for each citation. Text Mention of References All references must be cited in the text, and all text citations must be referenced. All text citations must be from sources the student has actually used. Text mention of citations must follow the style of the model journal (numbered, dated, etc.). The use of first author and et al. for references of three or more authors is acceptable in text mention of references. 12

Appendices Appendices are optional and used for supplementary material. If there are more than two appendices, they must be included in a List of Appendices. Place the appendices after the last section or chapter. All appendix pages need to be numbered; page numbers are continued from the last page of the references. All material must be within prescribed margins and be readable in size and legibility (7- point or larger). Appendix Headings Appendix headings (Appendix designations and titles) should be all capital letters and I boldface. Titles more than one line in length must be double spaced, as chapter titles. Appendix designations (APPENDIX A, for example) are centered. Appendix titles are centered, all capital letters, boldface, and one double space below designation: APPENDIX A FIGURES Appendix headings/titles may be either on a separate title/cover page before the Appendix material or on the top of the first page of each Appendix. Be consistent from Appendix to Appendix. Appendix Figures and Tables Appendix material may be reduced, but must conform to minimum size (7-point type) and legibility requirements. Material may have mixed fonts and point sizes and may be single spaced. If an appendix contains both text and figures or tables, number them consecutively by Appendix designation (Figure A-1, Table A-1, Table A-2, Figure B-1, etc). 13

FORMAT INSTRUCTIONS AND SAMPLES FOR SPECIFIC PAGES Title Page Approval Page Abstract Optional Preliminary Pages (Copyright, Dedication, Acknowledgements) Table of Contents List of Figures, List of Tables, and List of Appendices Vita Page 1, Chapter Method (with Journal Model Sentence) Page 1, Section Method (with Journal Model Sentence) Page Showing Subheadings Pages with a Figure and a Table 14

Title Page* (see sample on next page) General Format Font must match text of thesis No bold on this page; exception, title is bold. No page number on this page. Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, 1 bottom. Title of Thesis All capital letters, centered. (Exception: genus, species, chemical element symbols should be upper and lower case and in italics as needed to comply with the custom of the discipline) Double space if more than one line. No period at the end of the title. Thesis Author Statement Double spaced Capitalize A and also the T in Thesis (but not the b in by ) Student's name in all capital letters; name must be the same as in official records of the university. Submittal Statement Single spaced Sul Ross State University is on a line by itself. Degree and Date Degree is in all capital letters; full name of the degree is used. (Check Graduate Catalog for correct wording of degree.) Put the month and year of graduation. (Graduation dates at Sul Ross State University are May, August or December do not use the final defense or submittal month.) No comma between month and year. Major Subject Must agree with major subject listed in the official university records Use upper and lower case letters. 15

1 margin 1 margin THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THESES IN THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES 4 double spaces A Thesis by PAMELA SUE PIPES 4 double spaces 1 margin Submitted to the College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences of Sul Ross State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of 4 double spaces MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2011 4 double spaces Major Subject: Range and Wildlife Management Page is counted but not numbered. 1 margin

Approval Page* (See sample on next page) General Format Match font and point size to Title Page No bold on this page; exception, title is bold No page number on this page. Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, 1 bottom Title of Thesis Same wording as on Title Page. All capital letters, centered, in boldface. (Exception: genus, species, chemical element symbols should be upper and lower case and in italics as needed to comply with the practice of the discipline) Double space if more than one line; no period at the end of the title Thesis/Dissertation Author Statement Author statement begins on the fourth double spaced line below the first line of the title Capitalize A and also the T in Thesis Double space Student's name in all capital letters, same wording as Title Page Committee Member Names and Positions Names include Ph.D. title If co-chairs, put Co-Chair of Committee (instead of Chair) below first co-chair's name The committee chair takes first signature position. Members are listed in alphabetical order thereafter from left to right, two names per row. If the committee has only three members, the last name listed is on the left, second row. If the Dean serves as a committee member, chair or co-chair, his/her name must be included for both positions. 17

1 margin Right edge of line is flush right 1 margin THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THESES IN THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES 4 th double space down from top line A Thesis by PAMELA SUE PIPES Committee names and titles are single spaced, placed 1 double space below the signature line and centered. 1 margin Approved as to style and content by: 3 rd double space down Left edge of line is flush left 3 rd double space down Louis A. Harveson, Ph.D. (Chair of Committee) 3 rd double space down Each line is 30 spaces long Patricia Moody Harveson, Ph.D. (Co-Chair of Committee) If the committee has only three members, this signature line and block is omitted. Robert Kinucan, Ph.D. (Member) Kevin Urbanczyk, Ph.D. (Member) Dean s signature line, name, and title are centered. 3 rd double space down Robert Kinucan, Ph.D. Dean of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences Page is counted but not numbered. 1 margin

Abstract (See sample on next page) General Format This is the first numbered page, lower case Roman numeral (iii). Page numbers are outside the prescribed margins; everything else is inside the margins ABSTRACT is bold (major heading) Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, 1 bottom Text Begins one double space below heading Length of text: no more than one page Lines are double-spaced Use paragraph style No numbered references or formal citations in abstract 19

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom ABSTRACT The text of the Abstract starts two double spaces below the heading. The text of the Abstract is double-spaced according to the spacing style of the text of the thesis. Follow the same margin settings as your narrative text, as well as the same right alignment (ragged edge). Your Abstract must be a complete snapshot of your manuscript. Paragraph one introduces your specific problem and the methods used. The remaining paragraphs present the research and results in detail. Text of the Abstract should not exceed one page. Page is counted and numbered, lower case Roman numeral beginning with iii, bottom center of page. iii

Optional Preliminary Pages (See samples on the following pages) Copyright Page Optional page - follows the title page (no page number); not counted in page numbering Is located at the bottom of the page Includes thesis title (in title case), student name and year - all lines double spaced Is in same type size and style as text (no bolding on this page) Is not included in the Table of Contents Dedication Optional page - follows the Abstract If listing preliminary pages in Table of Contents, include Dedication Heading is in boldface Limited to one page Is in same type size and style as text Vertical spacing, paragraph style, and margins are same as used in text Acknowledgements Optional--Limited to four pages Follows the Dedication Page (or Abstract, if no Dedication) If listing preliminary pages in Table of Contents, include Acknowledgments Heading is in boldface Ensure that spelling for acknowledgements is as shown here and consistent (alternate spelling of acknowledgments is unacceptable) Is in same type size and style as text Vertical spacing, paragraph style, and margins are same as used in text 21

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom The Development and Improvement of Instructions for Theses in the College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences Copyright 2010 Pamela Sue Pipes Page is NOT counted and NOT numbered.

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom hard work. DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my mother who taught me the importance of perseverance and Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. iv

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Smith, and my committee members, Dr. Jones, Dr. Morton, Dr. Anderson, and Prof. Benner, for their guidance and support throughout the course of this research. Thanks also to my friends and colleagues and the department faculty and staff for making my time at Texas A&M University a great experience. I also want to extend my gratitude to the National Education Foundation, which provided the survey instrument, and to all the Texas elementary teachers and students who were willing to participate in the study. Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. v

Table of Contents (See samples on the following pages) General Format No bold on this page (exception, heading TABLE OF CONTENTS is in boldface) No italics on this page (except for Latin terms, titles of works, etc.) Put the word Page above page number column Insert leader dots between listings and page numbers. Double space above and below all major headings Single space all subheadings and major headings if more than one line If more than one page, need appropriate headings at the top of page (add Page above page number column; add CHAPTER if a new chapter title is listed on the page) Content The Table of Contents must contain the major headings and the first level subheadings; subordination of subheadings should be indicated by indention Lower levels of subheadings are optional in the Table of Contents Major headings are in all capital letters Subheadings are in upper and lower case. Preliminary pages are included in the Table of Contents; begin with ABSTRACT and include all preliminary pages Use the section method if presenting a single study or experiment. o The first and last sections are INTRODUCTION and LITERATURE CITED respectively. Other sections may include MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSIONS. o Section titles are NOT numbered. Use the chapter method if you are presenting multiple studies or experiments. o The first chapter is INTRODUCTION followed by stand-alone chapters for each study or experiment each with subdivisions such as Introduction, Materials and Methods, Discussion and Summary, Literature Cited o Chapter numbers must be Roman (not Arabic) o Include a Literature Cited section in each chapter; do not have a separate LITERATURE CITED chapter. See Presentation of Material on page 1. Must show VITA Consistency Check against text for agreement of page numbers, levels and styles of major headings and subheadings and the wording of major headings and subheadings (levels of subheadings are shown by indention) Check for consistency of capitalization Check that wording of APPENDIX listing matches exactly what is in text; Appendix titles are optional, but if they are listed, they need to be in all capital letters 25

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom Sample of chapter method TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT... DEDICATION... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... TABLE OF CONTENTS... LIST OF FIGURES... LIST OF TABLES... LIST OF APPENDICES... CHAPTER iii iv v vi vii viii ix Right tab at 6.5 Left tab with leader dots at 6.0 I INTRODUCTION... 1 Left tabs at 0.38, 0.88, and 1.13 II III ADCPs... 3 Physical Environment of the Gulf of Mexico... 4 Overview of This Study... 8 Literature Cited... 15 ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTERING WITH THE 38-KHZ ADCP... 18 Introduction... 18 Methods... 20 Results... 24 Discussion... 27 Literature... 30 DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATIONS AND THE DEEP SCATTERING LAYER OBSERVED FROM THE 38-KHZ ADCP... 35 Introduction... 35 Methods... 38 Results... 40 Discussion... 43 Literature Cited... 45 vi

If table of chapter listing continues onto a second page, CHAPTER must appear at the top of second page, flush left. CHAPTER If table of contents continues onto a second page, Page must appear at the top of second page at the right tab. Page IV DEEP SCATTERING LAYERS OF POTENTIAL PREY SPECIES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO SPERM WHALE DIVING RANGE... 48 Introduction... 48 Methods... 51 Results... 55 Discussion... 73 Literature Cited... 75 VITA... 96 Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. vii

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom TABLE OF CONTENTS Sample of section method ABSTRACT... DEDICATION... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... TABLE OF CONTENTS... LIST OF FIGURES... LIST OF TABLES... LIST OF APPENDICES... Page iii iv v vi vii ix x Right tab at 6.5 Left tab with leader dots at 6.0 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW... 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS... 9 Left tab at 0.38 Study Area... 9 Climate... 10 Geology... 12 Soils... 14 Prescribed Burning... 17 Herbicide Application... 20 Analysis... 21 RESULTS... 23 Prescribed Burns... 23 Basal Ground Cover... 25 Shrub Density... 26 Shrub Canopy... 28 Whitebrush... 30 DISCUSSION... 40 Prescribed Burn... 40 Herbicide Application... 42 Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. vi

CONCLUSION... 44 Page Summary... 44 Management and Implications... 46 LITERATURE CITED... 49 VITA... 56 Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. vii

Lists of Figures, Tables, and Appendices (see samples on following pages) General Format Heading (LIST OF FIGURES or LIST OF TABLES) is bold Include list if two or more figures (or tables) are in main body of text Need separate list for tables and separate list for figures; either list may come first Need Page above page number column Need FIGURE (or TABLE ) above appropriate column Insert leader dots between last word of title and page number Double space between figure (table) titles, single space title if two or more lines If list is more than one page, need appropriate column headings on each page Content Each figure (or table) must have a unique title; no two titles may be exactly the same Need to include the entire title in List Parenthetical information may be excluded from the List Consistency Check against text for agreement of page numbers Figure/table titles in the LIST OF TABLES (or FIGURES) must agree word for word with the title in the text Check consistency of capitalization List of Appendices General Format Heading (LIST OF APPENDICES) is bold Include list if two or more appendices are included Need Page above page number column Need APPENDIX above appropriate column Insert leader dots between last word of title and page number Double space between appendix titles, single space title if two or more lines If list is more than one page, need appropriate column headings on each page Content Each appendix must have a unique title; no two titles may be exactly the same Need to include the entire title in List Parenthetical information may be excluded from the List 30

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom FIGURE LIST OF FIGURES Page Set right tab at 6.5 Set left tabs at 0.25 and 0.63 1 Equipment... # 2 Flow Chart... # 3 Location of Study Area... # 4 Map of Brazos County... # 5 Major Tributaries of the Navasota River between Highway 45 and Highway 6... # 6 Debris Collected at Bridge #72... # Set left tab at 6.0 Use the style above if you are presenting your thesis in sections. Figures are numbered consecutively throughout without regard to section. Use the style below if you are presenting your thesis in chapters. Figures are numbered consecutively by chapter. LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page Set decimal tab at 0.25 1.1 Equipment... # 1.2 Flow Chart... # 2.1 Location of Study Area... # 2.2 Map of Brazos County... # Set left tab at 0.63 2.3 Major Tributaries of the Navasota River between Highway 45 and Highway 6... # 3.1 Debris Collected at Bridge #72... # Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. viii

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom Use same leader dot and page number tab setting as for List of Figures. LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page Set left tabs at 0.25 and 0.63 1 Weather conditions collected for prescribed burns on the Paisano Ranch, Brewster County, Texas, 2007... # 2 Summary values for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) in the Marathon Basin, Brewster County, Texas, 2007... # 3 Treatment cost analysis for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) In Brewster County, Texas, 2010... # Use the style above if you are presenting your thesis in sections. Tables are numbered consecutively throughout without regard to section. Use the style below if you are presenting your thesis in chapters. Tables are numbered consecutively by chapter. LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page Set decimal tab at 0.25 Set left tab at 0.63 1.1 Weather conditions collected for prescribed burns on the Paisano Ranch, Brewster County, Texas, 2007... # 1.2 Summary values for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) in the Marathon Basin, Brewster County, Texas, 2007... # 2.1 Treatment cost analysis for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) In Brewster County, Texas, 2010... # Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. ix

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom Use same leader dot and page number tab setting as for Lists of Figures and Tables. LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX Page Set left tabs at 0.38 and 0.88 A Results from Experimental and Control Runs... # B Demographics of Sample: Control and Experimental Schools in the San Antonio School District... # C Growth of Bilingual Students Experimental Group... # Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. x

Vita (See sample next page) Vita is the last page of the thesis and is limited to one page. The font (including style and size) needs to be the same as the text. The heading (VITA) is in boldface. Vita must include your name, a permanent address, and educational background. Because the thesis will be available on the Internet and there are increasing privacy concerns, it is recommended that the student not include information such as date of birth, parents names, and personal address in the Vita. Wording of name needs to agree with name on first three pages of thesis. Need a permanent address, good for two years. Professional address or SRSU department address is recommended (rather than a personal address) due to availability of thesis worldwide on the Internet. Need educational background for all previous degrees, bachelor s level and above. Include degree, major subject, university and date of graduation. You may also include the current degree. Other information is optional but encouraged: professional experience, publications, business or academic information. (Because the thesis will be available on the Internet the student should avoid including personal information.) 34

Margins are 1 left, 1 top, 1 right, and 1 bottom VITA Name: Address: E-mail Address: Constance Sorrough Department of Natural Resource Management College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences Sul Ross State University Box C-2 Alpine, TX 79832 csorrough@mail.edu Education: B.S., Wildlife Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, 2009 M.S., Natural Resource Management, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, 2011 Research Interests: Pronghorn ecology and behavior in desert grasslands. Page is counted and numbered continuously, Arabic numeral. 35

Chapter Method: sample page 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW Use the chapter method when you are presenting multiple studies or experiments. Begin with a general introduction chapter, followed by a chapter for each study or experiment. Each of these chapters must stand alone, with separate sections such as introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusions, and literature cited. Each chapter must have its own literature cited section. Do not include a separate chapter for literature cited. The major heading consists of the chapter designation (CHAPTER I) and the title. Both are centered, in all capital letters, and in boldface. Number the chapters using Roman numerals. Maintain double spacing between chapter designation and chapter title. Standard margins on this page, and on all text pages, are 1.5 left, 1.0 right, 1.0 top, and 1.0 bottom. The page number (Arabic) 1 is outside the margin, in the upper right corner. Number every page of the thesis in sequence through to the Vita, which is the last page. If the chapter title is longer than one line, use spacing of text between the lines of the title (double space). Insert one or two double spaces between chapter title and text; be consistent for all chapters. The journal model sentence is a complete sentence with a period at the end (not a numbered footnote or footer), which goes at the bottom of page 1, within the prescribed margin. Separate this sentence from text with a one-inch horizontal line (12 underscores if using 12-point font). This thesis follows the style of Rangeland Ecology & Management. 36 Arabic numeral page numbering begins on first page of Chapter 1 with Arabic numeral 1 at the bottom of page, centered.

Line spacing between the horizontal line and the journal model sentence must be a single space. Put the journal name in italics if journal names in reference section are italicized. Otherwise use regular typeface for journal name. If there are footnotes in your document, type size of journal model sentence must match type size of footnotes. 37

Section Method: sample page 1 INTRODUCTION Use the section method when you are presenting a single experiment or study. The section title is centered in all capital letters and in boldface. First and last sections are INTRODUCTION and LITERATURE CITED respectively. Other section titles may include MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSIONS. Section titles and subheadings are not numbered. No punctuation occurs at the end of section titles. Do not use the word chapter in your text since your work is not organized in chapters. The font size must be the same as that chosen for the text. Spacing between section title and text needs to be consistent for all sections (double space, or 2 double spaces). Standard margins on this page, and on all text pages, are 1.5 left, 1.0 right, 1.0 top, and 1.0 bottom. The page number (Arabic) 1 is above the margin (in the header), in the upper right corner. Number every page of the thesis in sequence through to the last page (Vita). The journal model sentence is a complete sentence with a period at the end (not a numbered footnote or footer), at the bottom of page 1, within the prescribed margin. Separate this sentence from text with a one inch horizontal line (12 underscores if using a 12-point font). Line spacing between the horizontal line and the journal model sentence must be a single space. Put the journal name in italics if journal names in reference section are italicized. If there are footnotes in your document, type size of journal model sentence must match type size of footnotes. This thesis follows the style of Adult Education Quarterly. 38 Page numbering begins with Arabic numeral 1 bottom center.

SUBHEADING STYLES First-order Subheadings First-order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface using standard rules of title case capitalization. Subheadings are not numbered. First-order subheadings must be included in the Table of Contents. Maintain double spacing above and below all subheadings. Use double spacing for subheadings more than one line in length. Second-order subheadings Second-order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface italics using standard rules of sentence case capitalization. Second-order subheadings must be included in the Table of Contents. Third-order subheadings Third-order subheadings are placed flush left in italics using standard rules of sentence case capitalization. Third-order subheadings s do not need to be included in the Table of Contents. Fourth-order subheadings are strongly discouraged. 39

FIGURES AND TABLES Figure Placement and Size Figures need to be within the set text margins. Figures must appear on the first page after the first mention in the text. You may place more than one figure per page. Other than figure titles, no other text appears on the page. Text within figures needs to be large enough to read (1.5 mm or about 7 pt type). Related figures may be grouped into a single figure, and are distinguished by labels (e.g., A, B, C). Captions will generally include each part label with an explanation for each (see Figure 1 caption for an example). Do not place borders around figures. Figure Titles Type size and style for titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Titles more than one line in length are double spaced. Do not indent the first line of figure titles (flush left). Figures on Landscape Pages If a figure is large and needs to be placed in landscape orientation in order to be legible, page number placement must be adjusted to appear in the landscape position (Figure 2). Continued Figures If a figure or a table continues to the next page, the full figure title goes on the first page, and Figure 1. Continued. goes on the next page. 40

A) B) Figure 1. Effect of substrate on growth rate; comparing minimal media (A) to enriched media (B). 41

Figure 2. Average monthly arctic sea ice extent. 42

Table Placement and Size As with figures, tables are placed on the first page after the first mention in the text. More than one table may appear on a page. No text appears on pages with tables other than the title(s). Table titles are numbered by chapter (if using the chapter method) or numbered consecutively throughout the thesis (if using the section method). Their titles need to be consistent, as figure titles. Use horizontal lines to separate table header rows from the data. Do not use vertical lines to separate rows or columns of data. Center data in table cells. Table Titles Type size and style for titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Titles more than one line in length are double spaced. Do not indent the first line of table titles (flush left). Tables on Landscape Pages As with figures on landscape pages, page number placement must be adjusted to appear in the landscape position for tables placed in landscape orientation. Continued Tables If a table continues to the next page, the full title goes on the first page, and Table 1. Continued. goes on the next page (Table 1). If you have a continued table, repeat the column headings. 43

Table 1. Effect of substrate on seedling height. Seedling height was measured in centimeters on day 20. Specimen Substrate A Substrate B Substrate C Substrate D 1 10 --- 5 3 2 15 3 10 3 3 17 5 8 2 4 14 2 5 1 5 16 --- 9 5 6 16 7 6 2 7 18 4 7 4 8 13 6 9 --- 9 12 3 4 6 10 15 5 7 3 11 17 2 5 2 12 19 6 8 5 13 13 3 6 --- 14 18 4 9 2 44

Table 1. Continued. Specimen Substrate A Substrate B Substrate C Substrate D 15 16 5 10 3 16 13 --- 7 4 17 12 --- 5 6 18 15 2 8 5 19 22 4 6 2 20 16 3 9 7 21 15 7 7 4 22 16 5 7 5 23 11 4 7 3 45

PRINTING THE MANUSCRIPT Legibility The original must be created with a word processing program on a computer and must be printed on a letter quality setting of the printer. Draft level printed texts of the thesis are unacceptable If copies are generated using a computer and printer, all copies must be printed in letter quality. Copies may also be generated using a photocopy machine, such as those found in the Wildenthal Memorial Library or the Graduate Student Center. The student is responsible for ensuring that all pages of the original and the required 4 copies (one for the student, one for the Dean, and two for the library) are legible, correctly aligned, in the proper order, and printed in the proper orientation with respect to the bond paper watermark. Corrections Additional copies of the thesis may be required by your department. Check with your advisor. Corrections must be made on a computer. Corrections made by hand are not acceptable. Binding and fees Check with the Provost s office for current binding and shipping costs. Complete the required Master s Thesis Publication Agreement form available in the Dean s office. Be sure to provide an extra copy of the title page and abstract. Paper Paper size is 8.5 x 11.0 inches. Paper must be at least twenty-weight bond, with a minimum 25% cotton content. Electronic Submission Sul Ross does not currently accept electronic files for publishing. However, you are required to submit the following files to your advisor on a memory stick: Complete thesis in Word format Complete thesis in PDF format, including an approval page complete with committee signatures All experimental data files 46

THESIS SUBMISSION TIMETABLE Draft of Thesis to the Chair At least 16 weeks prior to commencement, a draft of the thesis must be submitted to the committee chair for review. Draft of Thesis to Committee After making the necessary revisions recommended by the chair, the draft thesis is submitted to the committee. The deadline for submission to the committee is at least 8 weeks prior to commencement. Students are encouraged to work closely with their advisors throughout the thesis writing process so that lengthy delays are avoided. Thesis Defense At least 6 weeks prior to commencement, the student must publicly defend the thesis. Announcements of the defense must be posted in the appropriate College office and the office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic and Student Affairs at least one week in advance of the defense. Following the defense, further revision of the thesis may be required by the committee before approval is granted. Final Draft of Thesis to Dean At least 4 weeks prior to commencement an original copy of the thesis and an appropriate number of the thesis approval page must be submitted to the Dean for review and approval. Photocopies of one original approval page with signatures are acceptable. All signature pages should be printed/copied on the required bond paper. Following revisions directed by the Dean and subsequent approval, the student submits a minimum of 4 copies of the thesis on the required bond paper to the Dean s office. Also required at this time is a signed publication agreement form and a receipt indicating payment of all thesis publication and binding fees. (See Appendix 6 of this manual for the current agreement form. Confirm current fees with the Provost s office.) Final Draft of thesis to Provost At least 2 weeks prior to commencement, the following must be submitted to the Provost: A minimum of 4 copies of the thesis on required bond paper: two copies for the library; one copy for the department; and one copy for the student.* A signed publication agreement form One extra copy of the title page on the required bond paper One extra copy of the abstract on the required bond paper A copy of the receipt indicating payment of publication and binding fees 47

*Although not required, the student may purchase additional copies for family, thesis committee chair, research sponsors, etc. The College is under no obligation to assist the student with purchase of additional copies, but may assist at the discretion of the advisor contingent upon availability of funds. Submission Schedule 16 weeks prior to Draft of thesis to the chair commencement 8 weeks prior to commencement Draft of thesis to committee 6 week prior to commencement Publicly defend thesis 4 weeks prior to commencement Final draft of thesis to Dean 2 weeks prior to commencement Final draft of thesis to Provost The above schedule is firm. There will be NO exceptions. Missing deadlines may result in delayed graduation. In addition, students must: Register for the semester* in which you intend to graduate. Apply for graduation and pay graduation fee (application form available in the Dean s office). *You may graduate in any semester, but you should plan to submit and defend your thesis in long semesters only. Faculty members are typically retained on 9 month appointments. This means that they are usually not paid to work during the summer months. If your committee members are not supported through the summer, they may be unavailable to assist you with review, revision, and defense of your thesis in summer sessions. 48

APPENDIX 1 COPYRIGHT AND YOUR DISSERTATION OR THESIS 49

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APPENDIX 2 PROPER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN TEXT FOR COPYRIGHT MATERIAL When material is taken from a copyrighted source, proper credit must be given on the first page of the chapter or section containing the material. This statement is placed at the bottom of the page as a footnote. The note should be single spaced, asterisked (add an asterisk at the end of the chapter title at top of the page also) and include mention of permission from the copyright holder to reprint. It may also include a copyright notice (and it must if requested to do so). The wording of the note is sometimes given in the letter from the publisher granting permission to reprint. If so, follow it exactly, filling in the particulars. If not, give enough information to clearly identify the work. The following are samples for reprinting from a journal and from a book: 1. When reprinting from a journal: *Reprinted with permission from Title of Article by Authors Names, Year. Journal Name, Volume Number, Page Range, Copyright [YEAR] by Name of Copyright Holder. 2. When reprinting from a book: *Reprinted with permission from Title of Book, by Author s Name, Year, Publisher s Name, Location of Publisher. Copyright [YEAR] by Name of Copyright Holder. If only part of the chapter is from a copyrighted source, the note may be worded to reflect the fact. For example: Part of the data reported in this chapter is reprinted with permission... or Part of this chapter is reprinted with permission... If parts of the published article appear in several chapters, the footnote will appear at the bottom of the first page of each chapter in which the material appears. (See previous paragraph for proper wording.) The particular style (italics, quotation marks, volume and page information, etc.) will follow the style of your reference section. 54

APPENDIX 3 LANDSCAPE FIGURES AND TABLES When a figure or table needs to be larger than the defined margins of a portrait page, the page may be rotated to landscape orientation. This can be useful if you need to read small text or see the figure in greater detail. If a table or figure is placed lengthwise (landscape position), there are a few things to consider with regards to formatting: margins and page number placement. The margin on the binding edge of your thesis must be 1.5. For a portrait page, the binding edge is the left margin. For a landscape page, the binding edge is the top margin. In order to place a Landscape oriented figure or table in your document, the page number must be moved from the standard landscape position to the portrait position. This way, when the document is bound, all of the page numbers will be facing the same direction as you page through the manuscript. There should be no text (other than the figure/table title) on the same page as a landscaped figure/table. Figure/table titles should be oriented in the same direction as the figure. Isolate the Figure/Table That Must be in Landscape Position with Section Breaks 1. Position the cursor before the figure/table. Go to the Page Layout Tab, click Breaks, and then choose Section Break, Next Page (Figure 1). 2. Position the cursor under the figure/table and repeat step 1. If any blank pages have been added, delete them. Orient Page into Landscape Position 3. On the page that will be changed to landscape, double click the page number to open the header. 4. Turn the Same as Previous option off. To do this, click on the Link to Previous toggle button in Navigation Section of the Header and Footer Design Tab (Figure 2). Do this for both Header and Footer. 5. Repeat Step 4 for the portrait page following also. 6. Close the Header and Footer, and go to the page with the figure that will be landscaped. 55

7. In the Page Layout Tab, open the Page Layout window (Figure 3). Select Landscape orientation and confirm that the margins are correct for a landscape page with a top margin of 1.5 and all others 1 (Figure 4). The selected page will be changed to landscape; all other pages will remain portrait. If extra pages were created, delete them. Fix Page Numbers 8. Position the cursor on the landscape page. In the Insert Tab, click Page Number, then Format Page Numbers. Check the Continue from previous section option (Figures 5 and 6). 9. Repeat Step 8 for the portrait page following also. 10. In the landscaped page, double click on the page number to open the Header. Highlight the page number, and delete it (Figure 7). 11. Exit Headers/Footers by double clicking in the text area. 12. Enlarge the figure to fill the space on the page. Be sure to stay within the margins (Figure 8). Orient Page Number on Landscaped Page(s) 13. In the Insert tab, select Text Box then Draw Text Box (Figure 9). 14. Draw a text box. The size and position does not matter you will change it in the next step. 15. In the Text Box Tools Format tab, resize the box to 2 tall and 1 wide (Figure 10). 16. Reposition the box by dragging it to the lower right corner. 17. Remove the text box border by selecting Change Outline, then No Outline (Figure 11). 18. Click inside the text box, type the appropriate page number, then change the text direction (Figure 12). 19. On the Home tab, center the page number in the text box by selecting the center button. Move the number down two lines in the box (to the left) by placing the cursor in front of the number and pressing the enter key twice (Figure 13). 56

20. Print the landscape page and the preceding portrait page to compare number position. This method should result in landscape page numbers that are exactly placed for portrait orientation. However, if adjustment is required, make changes to the size and position of the text box or the position of the number inside the text box until you have a match. 57

FIGURES Figure 1. Creating section breaks. 58

Figure 2. Unlink the section from the previous section. 59

Figure 3. View the Page Setup window. Figure 4. Select Landscape and confirm margins are correct. 60

Figure 5. Format page number. Figure 6. Continue from previous section. 61

Figure 7. Delete the page number. 62

Figure 8. Enlarge the figure to fill the space. 63

Figure 9. Draw a text box. 64

Figure 10. Resize and position the text box. 65

Figure 11. Remove the border. 66

Figure 12. Type the page number and change the text direction. 67

Figure 13. Position the page number in the text box. 68

APPENDIX 4 PAGE NUMBERING IN WORD 2007 To properly set up the page numbers you must create 3 sections in your word document: section 1 for the title page, optional copyright page, and approval page; section 2 for the remainder of the front matter (abstract through to the last page before chapter or section 1); and section 3 for the text of the thesis through the vita. (You may have more than 3 sections if you insert landscape page(s) see Appendix 3.) 1) Create section breaks. Put the blinking cursor at the bottom of your Approval Page (page 2 of your document). In the Page Layout group, under the Breaks menu, click on Next Page to create the section breaks. Go to the blank page that might have been inserted and delete it. Insert another Next Page (Section Break) at the bottom of your last preliminary page (just before Chapter 1 starts). Delete blank pages inserted. 2) Unlink the section headers and footers. Double click in the header region of the abstract page. Under the Header and Footer Tools - Design tab, de-select Link to Previous. Repeat for the footer region of section 2, and for the header and footer regions of section 3. You will know when Same as Previous is turned off when these words no longer appear below the dotted line in the header and footer space. 2) Now you will insert the page numbers for section 2. Move your blinking cursor to the Abstract Page (3rd Page). In the Insert group, choose Page Number menu. Position page numbers at the bottom of the page, alignment is center. In the Insert group, under the Page Number menu, click on the Format Page Numbers option. Select the following options. Number format: i,ii,iii, Start at: iii Click ok 69

4) Insert page numbers for section 3. Now, move your blinking cursor to the first page of your chapters. In the Insert group, choose Page Number menu. Position page numbers at the bottom of the page, alignment is centered. Select Insert->Page Numbers ->format (make the following selections) Number format: 1,2,3, Start at: 1 Click ok 70

Page Numbering In Your Manuscript Diagram Title Page Optional Copyright Page Approval Page These pages have no page numbers The rest of the front matter will be numbered iii, iv, v, etc Abstract iii The rest of the manuscript will be numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc Chapter 1 1 71

APPENDIX 5 PROQUEST/UMI PUBLISHING AGREEMENT 72

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