C. Ferg 2017-2018 KEEP THIS PACKET ALL YEAR Name: AP English Lit: PACKET OF GREATNESS Fill in the definitions of each literary term and tone word by the deadline of that section s quiz date in the fall. Include examples where indicated. Expect pop quizzes throughout the year and a test in April. STUDY THIS PACKET ALL YEAR FOR SUCCESS ON THE AP EXAM AND IN THIS CLASS. Primary Literary Terms 1. Tone 2. Theme 3. Figurative Language 4. Imagery 5. Diction 6. Detail 7. Organization & Shifts 8. Syntax 9. Connotation 10. Denotation 11. Point of View First person Third person objective Third person omniscient Third person limited Reliable/Unreliable narrator 12. Characterization: Flat Round Stock Dynamic Static Stereotype Antagonist Villain Protagonist Hero/Heroine Comic Relief
Fiction and Drama 13. Aside 14. Catharsis 15. Climax 16. Confidant/confidante 17. Conflict (external and internal) 18. Epiphany 19. Flashback 20. Foil 21. Foreshadowing 22. Monologue 23. Motif 24. Plot elements 25. Setting 26. Soliloquy 27. Symbol 28. Tragedy 29. Tragic Flaw 30. Turning Point Figures of Speech 31. Allusion
32. Analogy 33. Aphorism 34. Apostrophe 35. Cliché 36. Euphemism 37. Hyperbole 38. Litotes 39. Metaphor Extended metaphor Dead metaphor Mixed metaphor 40. Meiosis 41. Metonymy 42. Onomatopoeia 43. Oxymoron 44. Paradox 3
45. Pathetic Fallacy 46. Personification 47. Proverb 48. Pun 49. Simile 50. Synesthesia 51. Synecdoche Elements of Style: A writer s way of saying things 52. Active Voice/Passive Voice 53. Ambiguity 54. Colloquialism 55. Convention 56. Dialect 57. Digression 58. Irony Dramatic irony 4
Situational irony Verbal irony 59. Jargon 60. Juxtaposition 61. Malapropism 62. Sarcasm 63. Satire 64. Stream-of-consciousness Literary Movements: A grouping of writers who share similar aims and years of publication. Not an exhaustive list. In chronological order. 65. Metaphysical. Definition: 66. Augustan. Definition: 67. Romanticism. Definition: 5
68. Symbolism. Definition: 69. Modernism. Definition: 70. Existentialism. Definition: 71. Harlem Renaissance. Definition: 72. Postmodernism. Definition: Poetic Terms 73. Alliteration 74. Assonance 75. Cacophony 76. Cadence 77. Caesura 78. Carpe Diem 6
79. Conceit (metaphysical conceit) 80. Consonance 81. Couplet 82. Dissonance 83. End-stopped line 84. Enjambment 85. Euphony 86. Foot (poetic foot) English verse tends to be iambic: Others include anapestic, trochaic, dactylic 87. Heroic Couplet 88. Meter English verse tends to be pentameter: Others include monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter 89. Octave 90. Quatrain 91. Refrain 92. Repetition 93. Rhyme End rhyme vs. Internal rhyme Masculine rhyme vs. Feminine rhyme Exact rhyme vs. Forced rhyme, Slant rhyme (proximate, near), Eye rhyme 7
94. Rhythm 95. Scansion 96. Shift 97. Sestet 98. Stanza 99. Stress 100. Verse 101. Volta Poetic Forms 102. Blank verse Example Poem: 103. Dirge 104. Dramatic monologue 105. Elegy 106. Epitaph 107. Epic 108. Free Verse Example Poem: 109. Lyric Example Poem: 110. Metaphysical poetry Example Poem: 111. Ode 112. Pastoral Example Poem: 8
113. Sonnet English (Shakespearean) vs. Italian (Petrarchan) Example Poems: 114. Villanelle Example Poem: Literary Forms 115. Allegory 116. Anecdote 117. Autobiography 118. Bildungsroman Example Work: 119. Biography 120. Comedy High Comedy Low Comedy 121. Discourse 122. Dystopia Argument Description Exposition Narration Rhetoric Example Work: 123. Epistolary Example Work: 124. Farce 125. Genre 9
126. Gothic Example Work: 127. Historical novel 128. Memoir 129. Myth 130. Novel 131. Parable 132. Parody 133. Prose Syntax Techniques 134. Anaphora 135. Anastrophe 136. Asyndeton and Polysyndeton Examples: 137. Chiasmus 138. Ellipsis 139. Epistrophe 140. Parallelism 10
Literary Terms to Add Supplementary Literary Terms (not required but helpful for the AP exam) Anadiplosis Antithesis Epanalepsis Act Aestheticism Anachronism Anticlimax Archetype Argument Atmosphere Attitude Ballad Baroque Classicism Confessional Literature Courtly Love Denouement Determinism Deus ex machina Diatribe Didactic Dirge Epigram Epigraph Epilogue Eulogy Exposition Expressionism Fable Falling Action Feminism Hamartia Hedonism Homily Hubris Idiom In medias res Incident Inference Invective Inversion Kenning Local Color Melodrama Miracle Play Mock Epic Mood Morality Play Motivation Narrative Pace Naturalism Novel of manners Novelette Novella Paean Pantheism Picaresque novel Primitivism Prologue Pseudonym Psychological Novel Regionalism Rising Action Romance Scene Science Fiction Sociological Novel Stage directions Subplot Surrealism Suspense Suspension of disbelief Syllogism Tautology Tract Transcendentalism Trochee Unity Utopia Vocabulary Voice Wit 11
Tone Simple, straightforward tone words (angry, confused, dark, fearful, factual, informative, happy, humorous, joking, joyful, sad, serious) can sometimes be the best fit, particularly when combined with a complementary tone word, but tone is often more complicated than merely happy. The wider your vocabulary, the more accurate you can be in describing tone. This list is not exhaustive and the categories are, in some cases, flexible. Neutral: simple words include factual, informative, serious 1. apathetic 2. authoritative 3. baffled 4. candid 5. clinical 6. detached 7. didactic 8. dignified 9. disbelieving 10. dramatic 11. erudite 12. formal 13. frank 14. impartial 15. incisive 16. incredulous 17. indifferent 18. informal 19. instructive 20. learned 21. lofty 22. meditative 23. nostalgic 24. objective 25. pensive 26. persuasive 27. placid 28. poetic 29. prosaic 30. puzzled 31. questioning 32. reflective 33. resolute 34. restrained 35. scholarly 36. sincere 37. sentimental 38. shocked 39. sophisticated 40. urgent 41. zealous Positive: simple words include happy, humorous, joking, joyful 42. amused 43. benevolent 44. cheery 45. compassionate 46. complimentary 47. confident 48. determined 49. ecstatic 50. effusive 51. elated 52. enthusiastic 53. exuberant 54. fanciful 12 55. flattering 56. giddy 57. hopeful 58. laudatory 59. light 60. lighthearted 61. optimistic 62. passionate 63. playful 64. proud 65. serene 66. sympathetic 67. whimsical 68. witty
Negative: simple words include angry, confused, dark 69. accusing 70. admonitory 71. argumentative 72. ashamed 73. bitter 74. cautious 75. cold 76. condemnatory 77. contentious 78. critical 79. disgusted 80. exasperated 81. foreboding 82. furious 83. harsh 84. incendiary 85. incensed 86. indignant 87. inflammatory 88. irate Ironic/Arrogant/Mocking 89. irritated 90. lackadaisical 91. livid 92. manipulative 93. obsequious 94. offensive 95. ominous 96. outraged 97. pessimistic 98. petty 99. resentful 100. scathing 101. scornful 102. severe 103. spiteful 104. sycophantic 105. threatening 106. vexed 107. wrathful 108. arrogant 109. belittling 110. condescending 111. contemptuous 112. cynical 113. derisive 114. disdainful 115. disparaging 116. elitist 117. facetious 118. flippant 119. imperious 120. impudent 121. insolent 122. ironic 123. irreverent 124. mocking 125. patronizing 126. peremptory 127. pretentious 128. pompous 13 129. reproving 130. sarcastic 131. sardonic 132. satiric 133. sententious 134. sharp 135. taunting
Sorrow/Fear/Worry: simple words include sad, fearful 136. aghast 137. anxious 138. apprehensive 139. concerned 140. defeated 141. depressed 142. despairing 143. desperate 144. elegiac 145. fretful 146. gloomy 147. hollow 148. hopeless 149. lugubrious 150. melancholic 151. mournful 152. pitiful 153. plaintive 154. regretful 155. resigned 156. sober 157. solemn 158. somber 159. staid 160. wistful M V P S O F T S MVP SOFTS Poetry and Prose Analysis 14