Looking Ahead (p. 465) Preview How did the United States change following the Civil War Era? How did Realism and Regionalism develop? How did Naturalism develop? This introduction prepares you for the literature you will read in a unit of your textbook. It explains the development of Realism, Regionalism, and Naturalism three literary movements that appeared in the late nineteenth century. The introduction includes information about the period and its literature. As you read the introduction, use the Cornell Note Taking System to record important points and remember what you have read. ANY QUESTIONS? Use them to organize your notes. Here is an example: What are Realism, Regionalism, and Naturalism? Looking Ahead What literary terms are defined here? One has been listed for you. Realism is a literary movement whose writers depicted life as they saw it. Keep the following questions in mind as you read. What kind of information is being asked for in each of these questions? The first has been done for you. Historical changes during the period between 1880 and 1910 124 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
Timeline (pp. 466 467) TO THE POINT Note the types of literature. One has been done for you. books by women American Literature What are some types of literature that were produced between 1880 and 1910? Write down some categories and examples. One category has been started for you. Books by women 1884 Helen Hunt Jackson s Romona TO THE POINT Note general categories of U.S. events. United States Events What are the general categories of U.S. events? List one or two events in each category. Use wording that makes the event clear to you. One category has been started for you. Technology 1884 George Eastman designs roll film for cameras UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 125
Timeline (pp. 466 467) TO THE POINT Note general categories of world events. World Events What are the general categories of world events? List one or two events in each category. Use wording that makes the event clear to you. One category has been started for you Disasters 1883 Krakatoa volcano erupts; ensuing tsunami kills more than 36,000 people Recap Review your notes on the Timeline. Then recap by creating a specific timeline of important events relating to technology. This timeline has been started for you. 1880s 1884 George Eastman designs roll film for cameras 126 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
By the Numbers (p. 468) ANY QUESTIONS? Ask questions about heads. Here is an example: What does this line graph show? Immigration to the United States 1861 1920 Use the information on this bar graph as the basis for some generalizations about patterns of immigration during this period. One has been written for you. There was a steady high level of immigration from northern and western Europe. ANY QUESTIONS? Ask questions about heads. Here is an example: What will this information tell me? Railroad Time Complete this sentence: The original purpose of time zones was UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 127
By the Numbers (p. 468) TO THE POINT For the remaining heads, note key words Life and Death List the remaining heads on this page. For each, note what the statistics tell you about the period. One has been written for you. Life expectancy increased greatly in the 20th century. 128 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
Being There (p. 469) What information do these illustrations provide about the United States between 1880 and 1910? ANY QUESTIONS? Ask questions about maps. Here is an example: What does this map indicate about the pattern of U.S. expansion? What states were still territories in 1900? Recap Review your notes on By the Numbers and Being There. Then recap by using the information to make several generalizations about the period from 1880 to 1910. One has been listed for you. Immigration rose steeply during this period, particularly from southern and eastern Europe. UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 129
Historical, Social, and Cultural Forces (p. 470) Westward Expansion What are the main ideas? One has been written for you. Improved farming methods, railroad expansion, and the Homestead Act contributed to the settlement of the Great Plains. ANY QUESTIONS? Use them to organize your notes. Here is an example: What was good and what was bad about the Gilded Age? The Gilded Age Create a chart to organize the good and bad qualities the pros and cons of the Gilded Age. The chart has been started for you. Possible response: Pros New inventions Cons 130 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
Historical, Social, and Cultural Forces (p. 471) Women s Rights Create a timeline to organize this information. The first entry has been written for you. Before Civil War fight for women s rights begins ANY QUESTIONS? Use them to organize your notes. Here is an example: What helped cause these literary movements? Regionalism, Realism, and Naturalism Create a chart to organize the good and bad qualities the pros and cons of the Gilded Age. The chart has been started for you. Movement Regionalism What helped cause it American curiosity about other parts of the country UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 131
Historical, Social, and Cultural Forces (pp. 470 471) Preview Big Ideas of Regionalism, Realism, and Naturalism Paraphrase each of the Big Ideas. One paraphrase has been done for you. After the Civil War, Regionalist writers focused on the local color of different parts of the United States. They pictured the way these regions looked and how their people spoke and lived. Recap Review your notes on the Historical, Social, and Cultural Forces. Then recap using summary notes as main points. One is done for you. Main Points: Americans overcame challenges to settle the Great Plains. Other possible main points: 132 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
Big Idea 1: Regionalism (p. 472) ANY QUESTIONS? Use them to organize your notes. Here is an example: How does Twain s writing show Regionalism? Mark Twain s Mississippi River What are the main ideas? One has been written for you. Twain vividly evokes the world of the Mississippi River. Bret Harte s Far West In what ways does Bret Harte s writing show Regionalism? One has been written for you. He presents the rude, lawless life of California gold-mining country. Willa Cather s Great Plains In what ways does Willa Cather s writing show Regionalism? One has been written for you. She focuses on the harshness and isolation of pioneers lives. UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 133
Big Idea 1: Regionalism (p. 473) ANY QUESTIONS? Use them to organize your notes. Here is an example: How does this passage show Regionalism? from O Pioneers by Willa Cather Write down some phrases that show the Regionalist characteristics of this passage. One has been listed for you. the last struggle of a wild soil against the encroaching plowshare Recap Review your notes on Big Idea 1: Regionalism. Then recap using a web to organize the key points about the Regionalism of Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and Willa Cather. The web has been started for you Theme and Character Mark Twain Mississippi River 134 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
Big Idea 2: Realism (p. 474) The Birth of Realism What are the main ideas? One has been listed for you. Realism began in Europe. ANY QUESTIONS? Use them to organize your notes. Here is an example: How is Chopin both a Realist and a Regionalist? Kate Chopin and Women Use a chart to organize how Kate Chopin showed both Realism and Regionalism in her writing. The chart has been started for you Realist showed women s passions and discontent Regionalist Paul Laurence Dunbar and African Americans In what ways does Paul Laurence Dunbar s writing show Realism? One has been written for you. depicts post-war lives of African Americans UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 135
Big Idea 2: Realism (p. 475) Edith Wharton and the Upper Classes In what ways does Edith Wharton s writing show Realism from The Awakening by Kate Chopin Write down a phrase that shows the Realism of this passage. Recap Review your notes on Big Idea 2: Realism. Then recap using a web to organize the key points about the Realism of Kate Chopin, Paul Laurence Dunbar, and Edith Wharton. The chart has been started for you. Realist Writers Kate Chopin showed passion and discontent of women women awakening to their confined state 136 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
Big Idea 3: Naturalism (p. 476) Edwin Arlington Robinson and Fate In what ways does Edwin Arlington Robinson s writing show Naturalism? One has been written for you. His characters live in communities where people feel pressure to conform. Jack London and Nature In what ways does Jack London s writing show Naturalism? One has been written for you. Shows capitalist society as brutal and oppressive Stephen Crane and War In what ways does Stephen Crane s writing show Naturalism? One has been written for you. Presents an indifferent universe UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 137
Big Idea 3: Naturalism (p. 477) ANY QUESTIONS? Use them to organize your notes. Here is an example: How does this passage show Naturalism? from The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane Write down some phrases that show the effect of Naturalism in this passage. One has been noted for you. He was at a task. He was like a carpenter. Recap Review your notes on Big Idea 3: Naturalism. Then recap using a web to organize the key points about the Naturalism of Edwin Arlington Robinson, Jack London, and Stephen Crane. The web has been started for you. Naturalist writers Edwin Arlington Robinson Jack London Stephen Crane 138 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
Wrap-Up (p. 478) Why It Matters What is the main idea of each paragraph? MY VIEW Which of these cultural links do you find the most interesting? Cultural Links What link is described in each paragragh? Recap Review your notes on this Wrap-Up. Then recap using a main idea organizer to help you remember the main points. The chart has been started for you. Main Idea American literature changed between 1880 and 1910. Details Details Regionalist writers presented new, unfamiliar worlds to readers at home and abroad. Conclusion Details UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 139
Summarize Review your notes on this Introduction. Then recap using classification notes. The chart has been started for you. Regionalism Realism Naturalism also known as local color movement 140 UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910
Apply Multiple Choice Choose the best choice(s) for the following questions. 1. Which was not associated with the writing of Mark Twain? A. fine ear for dialect B. photographic realism C. culture of slavery D. Mississippi River settings 2. Which of the following describe Kate Chopin s fiction? A. realistic portrayal of women B. demonstrate power of nature C. Louisiana settings D. pioneer life Matching Choose the best multiple-choice option for each question. You will not use all of the options. 3. Who is best known for poems in African American dialect? 4. Who was a member of New York s upper class? 5. Who wrote The Call of the Wild? 6. Who portrayed immigrant farmers on the Great Plains? A. Edith Wharton B. Edwin Arlington Robinson C. Willa Cather D. Jack London E. Paul Laurence Dunbar Short Answer 7. What factors contributed to the settlement of the Great Plains following the Civil War? 8. How did the development of Realism reflect the growth of photography? 9. How did the ideas of Charles Darwin influence Naturalism? How can you better remember and understand the material in this introduction? Recite your notes, Reflect on them, and Review them. You can also use your notes for a quick review of the historical period or the Big Ideas of this unit. As you learn more about the ideas in the unit, add to your notes. UNIT 4 REGIONALISM AND REALISM 1880 1910 141