COMPUTER MUSIC
Musique Concrete Peirre Schaeffer
Electronic Music Karlheinz Stockhausen What the Future Sounded Like http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytkthpcoygw&feature=related
1950s - Digital Synthesis Max Mathews, Bell Labs (New York) Programming Languages - MUSIC I-V MUSIC I (1957) - single melodies only MUSIC II (1958) - Four Part Harmony fundamental Principle THE SAMPLING THEOREM - sound can be accurately represented by a series of numbers - sampling rate must be 2x highest frequency
1950s - Digital Synthesis UNIT GENERATORS - re-usable software components that represent audio processes OSCILLATOR - produce a tone FILTER - eliminate a tone or range of tones Signal Flow
1950s - Digital Synthesis UNIT GENERATORS - re-usable software components that represent audio processes.comment.comment.comment VibTone instrument: Sine wave with sine wave vibrato and LINSEG envelope..prefix VT.scorecard pitch (4.00 12.00 octpitch 8.00) amp (0 32000 amplitude 20000) ta (0 1 sec.01) tdy (0 1 sec.1) vibr(.01 20 Hz 7) viba(.001.06 octpitch.01) lfrac (0 1).instrument float freq, ampi, vibri, vibai, phase, vibphase, lfraci; LINENS lstate;.start phase = vibphase = 0.;.note freq = sipitch(pitch); ampi = amp; vibri = sicps(vibr); vibai = freq*(frfacpitch(viba) - 1.); linset(ta,dur,tdy,&lstate); lfraci = lfrac;
1950s - Digital Synthesis Guttman, Silver Scale, Pitch Variations (1957) Pierce, Stochata (1959) - square waves Mathews, Masquerade (1963) Mathews, Speech Synthesis - Bicycle Built for Two J-C Risset, (France, 1963) Audio Illusion- Endless Pitch Descent Audio Illusion - Endless Accelerando
History of Computer Music 1980s - return to Digital Synthesis FM Synthesis - Yamaha DX7 John Chowning, Stanford University patented 1975 licensed to Yamaha, 1983 Sampling Synthesis - EMU Emulator
History of Electronic Music 1990s - Physical Modeling Synthesis
What IS Physical Modelling? computer sound synthesis based on physical theory of the vibrating object - string, reed & air column, membrane modes of vibration for a cylindrical air column computer model of vibrating drum head
What IS Physical Modelling? analogous to computer graphics modelling of physical structures to simulate realistic dynamical behaviour smoke synthesized with physical modelling (particle system) animated dinosaur moves realistically by careful simulation of physical structure
What IS Physical Modelling? colliding galaxies synthesized by John Dubinski, U. of T. Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics colliding galaxies
JOS Proposed Clarinet Model (1986) from Efficient Simulation of the Reed-Bore and Bow-String Mechanisms, Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference, The Hague, 1986
Algorithmic Composition Music & Number Pythagoras (560 BC) & the Harmonic Series 1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, etc. Christos Hatzis - Harmonia
Algorithmic Composition Christos Hatzis - Harmonia
Algorithmic Composition Fibonacci Series - 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89 approximates the GOLDEN RATIO 1 : 0.618...
Algorithmic Composition Fibonacci Series - 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21
Algorithmic Composition Fibonacci Series - 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21
Algorithmic Composition Many natural forms use the Fibonacci series to approximate the Golden Ratio:
Algorithmic Composition Fibonacci numbers in popular culture A scrambled version 13, 3, 2, 21, 1, 1, 8, 5 (Sloane's A117540) of the first eight Fibonacci numbers appear as one of the clues left by murdered museum curator Jacque Saunière in D. Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code (Brown 2003, pp. 43, 60-61, and 189-192). In the Season 1 episode "Sabotage" (2005) of the television crime drama NUMB3RS, math genius Charlie Eppes mentions that the Fibonacci numbers are found in the structure of crystals and the spiral of galaxies and a nautilus shell. In the Season 4 episode "Masterpiece" (2008) of the CBS-TV crime drama "Criminal Minds," the agents of the FBI Behavioral Analysis Unit are confronted by a serial killer who uses the Fibonacci sequence to determine the number of victims for each of his killing episodes. In this episode, character Dr. Reid also notices that locations of the killings lie on the graph of a golden spiral, and going to the center of the spiral allows Reid to determine the location of the killer's base of operations. from Wolfram MathWorld.com
Algorithmic Composition Fibonacci Series - 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144,... Bruno Degazio - On Growth and Form