Student Name 2016-2017 UIL Music Memory School Student Listening Destinations Bach Bartók Beethoven Brahms Clarke Delibes des Prez Ginastera Haydn Mozart Puccini Reed J. Strauss, Sr. Tchaikovsky Walton Williams UNIVERSITY INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE Making a World of Difference THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
Orchestral Suite No. 2 Badinerie Instrument/Voice Flute, strings (violins, viola, cello), harpsichord Notes Musical Minute Suite: a musical form made up of a collection of short pieces. Orchestral suite: in Bach's time, a collection of dances written for a small group of instruments and a solo instrument. Badinerie: "jesting" in French (= scherzo or "joke" in Italian); badinerie in music: a name given in the 18th century to a type of quick, light movement in a suite. Harpsichord: main keyboard instrument in Renaissance and Baroque music (from about 1400 to 1750). The invention of the piano in the late 1700s caused the harpsichord's popularity to decline. Bach wrote four orchestral suites in Leipzig between 1725 and 1739, and Badinerie is part of his Orchestral Suite No. 2, composed between 1738 and 1739. Orchestral Suite No. 2 contains seven short sections or movements. Badinerie is movement 7. It has two sections, and each is repeated: AABB. Badinerie is a showpiece for flute players because of its quick tempo and difficulty. Bach \'bäk\ 1685 1750 Fast Five 1. German Baroque composer; one of the Three B s (Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms). 2. Played violin, viola, organ, and harpsichord, and organ; technical expert on organ (often invited to inspect mechanics of church organs). 3. Had 20 children: 9 survived him, 4 were composers. 4. Had diabetes; went blind; died of a stroke. 5. Better known as a virtuoso organist than a composer in his day. Today he is considered to be the greatest composer of all time.
Hungarian Sketches Bear Dance Instrument/Voice Orchestra Notes Musical prodigy: a child (under age 12) who displays a talent in music on the same level as a skilled adult musician. Musical Minute Ritardando: gradual slowing down. A tempo: return to the original tempo. Ethnomusicology: the study of the music of different cultures. Orchestration: writing music for an orchestra, or adapting music written for one instrument so that it can be played by an orchestra. Transcription: notating a piece that was previously not notated, or arranging a piece of music for a different instrument or instruments. Hungarian Sketches are orchestrations (1931) of five short piano pieces that Bartók wrote between 1908 and 1911 when he was collecting folk songs in western Hungary. The original piano version of Bear Dance comes from a collection called 10 Easy Pieces and is the second piece of the Hungarian Sketches. Bartók described the piece as his impression of "a bear dancing to the song of his leader and growling to the accompaniment of a drum." Bartók \'bär ˌtȯk\ 1881 1945 Fast Five 1. 20th Century Hungarian composer. 2. Played piano (musical prodigy). 3. With his friend Zoltan Kodály, recorded and transcribed thousands of Eastern European folk songs and dances. Developed a scientific system for collecting and analyzing folk music and is one of the founders of ethnomusicology. 4. Left Hungary in 1940 to escape the Nazis; settled in New York; taught at Columbia University and continued to compose; died of leukemia. 5. With Franz Liszt, Bartók is Hungary's greatest composer.
Piano Sonata No. 8, Pathétique Movement 3 Instrument/Voice Piano Notes Pathétique: tragic, referring to the emotions of sorrow, grief, or pity. Fortepiano: a type of early piano built in Vienna from 1770 to about 1825. It was the keyboard instrument played by Haydn, Mozart, Schubert, and Beethoven. Hammers on the fortepiano are covered with layers of leather, rather than with felt pads like on modern pianos. Viennese fortepianos had light and speedy keyboard action that made fast notes easy to play, and produced clear, sharp tones. Rondo form: form in which the main theme returns after each contrasting section: A B A C A B A. Rondo can also refer to music that is fast and vivacious. Coda ( tail ): ending of a piece of music. Musical Minute Piano sonata: a work for solo piano in 3 4 sections or movements. Beethoven composed Sonata No. 8 in 1797 1798 before he was fully aware that he was becoming deaf. It was published in 1799. Its nickname, Pathétique, was added by his publisher. Beethoven approved of the name. Beethoven dedicated this piano sonata to his friend and patron, Prince Karl von Lichnowsky. It became instantly popular and is still one of his most popular sonatas. Beethoven \'bā ˌtō vən\ 1770 1827 Fast Five 1. German Classical/Romantic composer, one of the Three B s (Bach, Beethoven, Brahms). 2. Played violin, viola, organ, and was a virtuoso pianist. Known as the finest pianist of his time. 3. Gradually became deaf (began to lose his hearing in 1796; completely deaf in 1818). 4. Moody, disorganized, and arrogant. 5. Composer of 9 famous symphonies, 16 string quartets, and a large amount of piano music, including 32 piano sonatas. One of the most famous and influential composers in music history.
Waltz in A Flat Major Instrument/Voice Piano Notes Accelerando: gradually faster, ritardando: gradually slower. Musical Minute Waltz: a type of ballroom dance music in 3/4 meter. Crescendo: gradually louder, decrescendo or diminuendo: gradually softer. Melody: a line of single pitches that move up, down, or repeat (the tune of the music). Accompaniment: a musical part that supports the melody. Form: the overall plan or structure of a piece of music. Phrase: a musical thought found in a melody. Phrases combine to form larger sections. Brahms wrote a set of 16 Waltzes, Op. 39 in 1865. The Waltz in A Flat Major is No. 15. Brahms originally composed the Waltzes for piano duet (one piano, four hands). He later arranged the set for piano solo in two different versions (difficult and simplified). The waltzes were written as a tribute to the waltz dance form, which was very popular in Vienna where he lived. The selection is the most famous waltz of the set. Brahms \'brämz\ 1833 1897 Fast Five 1. German Romantic composer, one of the Three B s (Bach, Beethoven, Brahms). 2. Played cello, French horn, and was a virtuoso pianist. 3. Perfectionist; destroyed many of his compositions before they were published. 4. Close friend of composers Johann Strauss II and Robert and Clara Schumann. 5. Never married, died of liver cancer, buried in Vienna next to Beethoven, Johann Strauss II, and Schubert.
The Prince of Denmark s March Instrument/Voice Trumpet and organ Musical Minute Voluntary: a piece of music, usually for organ, played as part of a church service. Notes Trumpet Voluntary: the name given to some English keyboard pieces from the Baroque era (1600 1759). A trumpet voluntary is usually played on the organ using the trumpet stop. Rondo form: main theme returns after each contrasting section: A B A C A; rondo can also refer to music that is fast and vivacious. The natural trumpet was developed around 1300. It has no valves, and it is used to play mostly high notes. The Baroque Period (1600 1750) is considered to be the Golden Age of the Natural Trumpet. Composers wrote for the natural trumpet well into the 1800s. Composed in 1699 for Prince George of Denmark, husband to Queen Anne. From around 1878 to the 1940's the piece was known as "Trumpet Voluntary" by famous English composer Henry Purcell, because of a mistake that was made when an organ arrangement was published in the 1870s. Popular as wedding music and has been used in royal weddings. Used by the BBC during WWII, especially when broadcasting to occupied Denmark. Masterpiece Theater theme. Clarke \'klärk\ 1674 1707 Fast Five 1. English Baroque composer. 2. Played organ. 3. Lived his whole life in London, England. Sang in choir of the Chapel Royal as a boy; organist at Winchester College, at St. Paul's Cathedral, and at Chapel Royal. 4. Known for harpsichord and organ music. 5. Clarke's best known composition is The Prince of Denmark's March.
Instrument/Voice Soprano, mezzo soprano, and orchestra Lakmé Flower Duet Notes Opera: a story told completely through music. The characters sing with an orchestra accompanying them and act out the story on a stage with costumes, scenery, props, and choreography. Recitative: style used in operas in which the text is sung in the rhythm of natural speech with slight melodic variation and little orchestral accompaniment. Libretto: contains all the words and stage directions for an opera. Soprano: high female singing voice; mezzo soprano: female singing voice that is lower than that of soprano, higher than that of alto. Lakmé: opera in 3 acts, composed 1881 82. Flower Duet, sung by Lakmé (soprano) and her slave, Mallika (mezzo soprano), is in Act 1. The libretto for Lakmé is written in French. Musical Minute Duet: composition for two voices or two instruments. The Flower Duet has been used in many movies, tv shows, and commercials (British Airways). Delibes \də 'lēb \ 1836 1891 Fast Five 1. French Romantic composer. 2. Played piano and organ. 3. Known as composer of music for the theater (opera and ballet), and taught composition. 4. Delibes' 1870 ballet, Coppélia, with its life size mechanical dancing doll, was greatly admired by Tchaikovsky, and influenced The Nutcracker ballet. 5. Never in good health; died at age 54 of natural causes; buried in Paris.
Instrument/Voice 4 part male singers Secular: not religious. El Grillo Notes Musical Minute A cappella: performed without accompaniment. Frottola: comic Italian secular song for several voices, popular from about 1470 to 1530. TTBB choir: a 4 part group of male singers (T=tenor; B=bass) Countertenor: highest adult male singing voice (higher than a tenor). Josquin probably wrote El Grillo around 1498 in Milan, Italy. It was published in 1505 in III Libro delle Frottole. El Grillo is believed to be a gentle reminder to Josquin's patron, Galeazzo Sforza, that his musicians needed to be paid. ABA form. A describes crickets chirping. Sometimes singers echo each other, as if two crickets were singing. B (smoother) tells how a cricket is different from a bird (meter changes from beats in sets of 2 to beats in sets of 3). Repeat of A section. El Grillo is one of his Josquin s best known secular pieces. des Prez \de 'prā\ ca. 1450 1521 Fast Five 1. French Renaissance composer, aka Josquin (his last name). 2. Singer (sang in the Pope's Choir in Rome). 3. Held music positions in churches and royal courts in France and Italy. 4. Composed many styles of sacred (religious) and secular (non religious) vocal music. 5. Became one of the most famous and influential composer in Renaissance Europe after the development of the printing press (invented In 1440), which allowed his music to be printed and widely distributed.
Instrument/Voice Orchestra Estancia Suite Malambo Notes Latin America: land from the northern part of Mexico to the southern tip of South America. Musical Minute Estancia: Spanish term for a large cattle ranch in the pampas (grassland region) of Argentina. Argentina: a large country in southeastern South America. Its capital city is Buenos Aires. Gaucho: Argentine cowboy; a symbol of Argentina. Malambo: a quick, energetic Argentine folk dance in which gauchos compete to show off their dancing skills. Estancia: Ginastera's 4 movement orchestral suite and oneact ballet, based on Argentine country life: a depiction of the busy activities on a ranch in the course of one day. The ballet was commissioned in 1941 for the American Ballet Caravan, but the dance company disbanded in 1942. Estancia was not performed as a ballet until 1952. Ginastera used four dances from the score to create a concert suite, which premiered in Buenos Aires in 1943. Danza final (Malambo) is the last dance. Estancia is most often heard in its orchestral version. Malambo is one of Ginastera s most popular works. Ginastera \hē nə 'ster ə\ 1916 1983 Fast Five 1. 20th century Argentine composer. 2. Played piano. 3. One of the most important Latin American classical composers. 4. Worked as a professor at music conservatories in Argentina. 5. Lived in Switzerland from 1970 until his death.
Symphony No. 94, Surprise Movement 2 Instrument/Voice Orchestra Notes Theme: the main melody of a piece of music; variation: a technique where a theme is repeated with alterations to the melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, or texture. Staccato: short and separated (staccato notes are marked with a dot above or below the note head); marcato: heavy or "marked" (marcato notes are marked with a horizontal line above or below the note head). Coda ( tail ): ending of a piece of music. Musical Minute Symphony: a piece of music in three or more sections or movements for orchestra. Two trips to London during the 1790s resulted in Haydn composing two sets of six symphonies (Symphonies No. 93 98 and Symphonies No. 99 104). Symphony No. 94 was first performed on March 23, 1792, at the Hanover Square Rooms in London, with Haydn leading the orchestra seated at a fortepiano. Nicknames of Symphony No. 94: "Surprise" or "Mit dem Paukenschlag" ("The Drumstroke"). The ff "surprise" occurs only once, at the end of the theme the first time it is stated. Symphony No. 94 was popular at its premiere, and is still popular and frequently recorded today. Haydn \'hī dən\ 1732 1809 Fast Five 1. Austrian Classical composer. 2. Played violin, harpsichord, harp, piano, organ; sang in boys choir. 3. Often called Papa Haydn because of his jolly personality; had many friends, including Mozart; devoutly religious. 4. Well respected teacher; had many students, including Beethoven. 5. Born the same year as George Washington. Known as the Father of the Symphony (wrote 104).
Instrument/Voice Orchestra Così fan tutte Overture Notes Musical Minute Overture: instrumental introduction of an opera or operetta. Opera: a story told completely through music. The characters sing with an orchestra accompanying them, and act out the story on a stage with costumes, scenery, props, and choreography. Solo: a piece or part of a piece in which the melody is performed by a single performer; tutti: a passage performed by all instruments. Dynamics: loudness or softness of the sound (pp = pianissimo = very soft, p = piano = soft, mp = mezzo piano = medium soft, mf = mezzo forte = medium loud, f = forte = loud, ff = fortissimo = very loud; crescendo = gradually louder). Full title of the opera: Così fan tutte, olsia la sculola degli amanti ( All women Are Like That, or The School for Lovers ). Così was commissioned by Joseph II, Emperor of Austria. Mozart conducted the premiere in Vienna in 1790. Mozart composed the overture after most of the music for the opera had already been written. Così appears 17th on the Operabase list of the mostperformed operas worldwide. Mozart \'mōt särt\ 1756 1791 Fast Five 1. Austrian Classical composer. 2. Played violin, viola, harpsichord, clavier, piano, and organ. 3. Child prodigy; considered a musical genius his whole life. 4. Traveled extensively with his sister around Europe performing for royalty. 5. One of the most important classical composers in history; died of rheumatic fever.
Instrument/Voice Opera chorus, opera soloists, children s chorus La Bohème Aranci, datteri Notes Musical Minute Opera chorus: a group that sings the parts of the townspeople or other groups of characters. Opera: a story told completely through music. The characters sing with an orchestra accompanying them, and act out the story on a stage with costumes, scenery, props, and choreography. SATB: Soprano: high female voice, abbreviated S, alto: low female voice, abbreviated A, tenor: high male voice, abbreviated T, bass: low male voice, abbreviated B. La Bohème ( the bohemian lifestyle ) is about struggling artists in Paris, France. Libretto: contains all the words and stage directions for an opera. La Bohème: opera in 4 acts, Italian libretto, based on Scènes de la vie de bohème by Henri Murger. The premiere performance was in Turin, Italy in 1896, conducted by the young Arturo Toscanini. Its U.S. premiere took place the next year, 1897, in Los Angeles. La Bohème is Puccini s fourth opera and is No. 3 on the Operabase list of the most performed operas worldwide. It is probably the most loved opera ever written. Puccini \pü 'chē nē\ 1858 1924 Fast Five 1. Italian Romantic composer. 2. Played organ and piano. 3. One of the first composers to become a major celebrity. 4. Famous as an opera composer, even though he only wrote 12 operas; composed some of the most popular operas ever written. 5. Heavy smoker; diagnosed with throat cancer; died of a heart attack during surgery.
Armenian Dances (Part 1) Gna, Gna (Go, Go) Instrument/Voice Concert band Notes Musical Minute Band: a group of people who play instruments together. Concert band: a large group of 20 60 musicians who play instruments from the woodwind, brass, and percussion families. Sometimes the double bass and harp are included. A concert band is also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind orchestra, wind symphony, symphonic band, symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble. Armenia: a former Soviet republic in the Caucasus mountain region between Asia and Europe. Suite: a musical form made up of a collection of short pieces. Armenian Dances is a four movement suite. Part I is the first movement and Part II contains the remaining three. Each part contains of a number of Armenian folk songs. Armenian Dances (Part I) was completed in 1972 and was first performed by the University of Illinois Symphonic Band in 1973. Armenian Dances (Part I) includes five sections. Gna, Gna (Go, Go) is the fifth section. Reed \'rēd\ 1921 2005 Fast Five 1. 20 th century American composer. 2. Played trumpet. 3. WWII played in Air Force Band, composed and arranged music for radio, television, records, and films; conductor of the Baylor Symphony Orchestra, Baylor University in Texas; on faculty of the University of Miami. 4. With over 200 published works, Dr. Reed is one of America s most prolific and frequently performed composers. 5. Awarded over 60 composition commissions. When he died, his commissions would have lasted until he was age 115.
Instrument/Voice Orchestra Radetzky March Musical Minute March: a piece of music with a strong regular rhythm, written for marching to. Notes Dynamics: loudness or softness of the sound (pp = pianissimo = very soft, p = piano = soft, mp = mezzo piano = medium soft, mf = mezzo forte = medium loud, f = forte = loud, ff = fortissimo = very loud; crescendo = gradually louder). Form: overall structure or plan of a piece of music. Introduction: a passage or section which begins a piece of music; interlude: a passage of music between sections of the piece. Trio: the middle section of a three part movement, named trio because it was originally written for three instruments. Generally trio sections have a lighter and simpler texture. Named for Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, a Czech nobleman and Austrian military leader. When first performed in 1848 in Vienna in front of Austrian officers, they spontaneously clapped and stamped their feet when they heard the chorus. This tradition continues today. With the Blue Danube waltz by Johann Strauss Jr., it became an unofficial Austrian national anthem. The Radetzky March is traditionally played at the Austrian national team soccer matches and as the last piece at the New Year's Concert of the Vienna Philharmonic. J. Strauss, Sr. \ˈstrau s\ 1804 1849 Fast Five 1. Austrian Romantic composer. 2. Played violin and viola. 3. Famous for his waltzes; responsible for the development of the waltz. 4. Toured frequently all over Europe, performed his music in England for the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838. 5. Father of 3 composers of dance music: Johann Strauss II ( The Waltz King"), Josef Strauss, and Eduard Strauss; died of scarlet fever.
The Sleeping Beauty Waltz Instrument/Voice Orchestra Notes Musical Minute Waltz: a type of ballroom dance music in 3/4 meter. Ballet: a story told through music and dancing, performed on a stage with costumes, sets, and lighting. Classical ballet: a traditional, formal style ballet that uses only classical ballet technique (pointe work, turnout of the legs, high extensions). Dynamics: loudness or softness of the sound (pp = pianissimo = very soft, p = piano = soft, mp = mezzo piano = medium soft, mf = mezzo forte = medium loud, f = forte = loud, ff = fortissimo = very loud; crescendo = gradually louder; diminuendo or decrescendo gradually softer). Garland: a wreath of flowers and leaves, worn on the head or hung as a decoration. Tchaikovsky composed the music for The Sleeping Beauty in 49 days. The premiere was in St. Petersburg in 1890, with the Russian Tsar Alexander III in the audience. The Sleeping Beauty is Tchaikovsky's longest ballet, lasting nearly four hours at full length. The work has become one of the classical repertoire's most famous ballets. It was Tchaikovsky's favorite ballet. Tchaikovsky \chī 'kȯf skē\ 1840 1893 Fast Five 1. Russian Romantic composer. 2. Played piano. 3. Began career as a law clerk; didn t study music until he was 22. 4. Famous orchestra conductor; conductor on the opening night of Carnegie Hall in New York City in 1891. 5. Sensitive, handsome man with fine tastes.
Belshazzar s Feast Thus in Babylon Instrument/Voice Choir and orchestra Notes Musical Minute Cantata: a choral composition in several movements with an instrumental accompaniment. Mixed chorus (SATB): choral piece for adult male and female voices: Soprano: high female voice, S, alto: low female voice, A, tenor: high male voice, T, bass: low male voice, B. Double mixed chorus (SSAATTBB): choral work in which there are two parts for each voice type. Baritone: the most common male singing voice, lower than tenor and higher than bass. Belshazzar (aka Nebuchadnezzar): evil King of Babylon, conqueror of Jerusalem. Belshazzar's Feast is a cantata for baritone soloist, double chorus and orchestra. The story comes from the Bible. The Jews are in exile in Babylon. After a feast at which Belshazzar, the Babylonian king, uses the Jews' sacred vessels to praise the heathen gods, he is miraculously killed, the kingdom falls, and the Jews regain their freedom. Belshazzar s Feast contains 10 sections. Thus in Babylon is the sixth section. Walton \ˈwȯl tən\ 1902 1983 Fast Five 1. William Walton \ˈwȯl tən\ (1902 1983), 20th century English composer. 2. Played violin, piano, and was a singer. 3. Composed music for orchestra, choir, film, and chamber ensembles. 4. Slow worker, perfectionist, constantly revised his work. Received knighthood in 1951 (Sir William Walton). 5. Died after a pulmonary hemorrhage at his home on the Italian island of Ischia.
Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope Cantina Band Instrument/Voice Jazz combo Cantina: a saloon or bar. Notes Musical Minute Jazz combo: a small jazz band. Synthesizer: an electronic instrument, often played with a keyboard, that can produce complex sounds, such as those of various other instruments. Steel drum ("pan"): a 55 gallon oil barrel which has been carefully hammered and tuned by hand to produce musical tones. Drum set: a set of drums (bass drum with foot pedal, snare drum, tom toms), suspended cymbal, and other percussion instruments played with drum sticks. Cantina Band was composed for the first Star Wars movie, released in 1977. It appears in a scene when Luke Skywalker and Obi Wan Kenobi meet Han Solo on the planet Tatooine. Cantina Band, aka "Mad About Me," is performed in the movie by a 7 piece alien band of Bith musicians called Figrin D'an and the Modal Nodes. The piece is unlike other music from Star Wars. The idea behind the Cantina Band music: some Bith musicians find some 1930's Benny Goodman swing band music, and they attempt to interpret it. Williams \ˈwil yəmz\ 1932 present Fast Five 1. Contemporary American composer and conductor. 2. Plays piano, trumpet, trombone, and clarinet. 3. Composed a huge amount of popular movie music. 4. Conducted Boston Pops Orchestra (1980 1993). 5. Won 5 Academy Awards (50 nominations, second only to Walt Disney), 4 Golden Globes, 18 Grammy Awards, 2 Emmys; received the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004.