Harvard Referencing Style Cite Them Right 10 th Edition RefME Referencing Guide 2016/17
Contents Harvard Referencing Style Cite Them Right 10 th Edition... 2 What is referencing?... 2 Why is referencing so important?... 2 Citations within the text... 3 The Reference List... 4 Books (and e-books which include page numbers and are identical in form to print versions):... 4 Ebooks (such as those on kindle devices where page numbers are not available)... 5 Audiobooks... 5 Chapter in an edited book... 5 Translated books... 5 Journal articles (electronic and print versions)... 5 Webpages... 6 Newspaper articles... 6 Legislation... 6 Reports (in print and on the internet) and Government Publications... 7 You Tube Videos... 7 Films on DVD/Blu-ray... 7 Films Viewed via a Streaming Service... 7 Radio and TV Programmes (only add URL and date accessed for programmes viewed or listened to online)... 8 Personal communication (email, conversation, letter, etc amend wording according to communication format used)... 8 Tutor Notes/PowerPoints... 8 Reference list 9 1
Harvard Referencing Style Cite Them Right 10 th Edition This referencing method is the official style of University College Birmingham and is the default Harvard style used by the RefME referencing website and app, the recommended referencing tool of the university. It is important that you follow the guidelines outlined in this document closely within your assignments. Ensure you refer back to it if you need support at any point when referencing in your work. If further information is still needed, please refer to the book below which can be found in the library: Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2016) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 10th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. What is referencing? It is simply a way of acknowledging the sources you have used to support and develop your assignments. Every time you refer to another person s ideas and works, you must indicate this by providing certain pieces of information. There are two key aspects to referencing Citations (also known as references) within the text: e.g. Smith (2015) stresses that correct referencing is key to producing quality assignments. Full references presented in the Reference List: e.g. Smith, J. (2015) The Joy of Referencing. 2 nd edn. London: Capital Publishers. Every citation must be represented by a full reference in the final list please do not put sources in this list which have not been used in the text Why is referencing so important? Ethical grounds It will help you to avoid plagiarism It gives the author the credit they deserve Academic grounds It provides the required evidence for supporting your ideas and arguments It demonstrates the range of your reading to lecturers Practical grounds It enables lecturers to locate the sources you have used It enables you to relocate the sources you have used 2
Citations within the text Providing a citation involves referring to someone else s work or ideas within the text of your assignment. Citation guidelines relate to all types of sources, including books, journal articles and webpages. A citation requires the author of the work and the date of its publication to be placed in brackets within the text. For example: Referencing is an important factor in achieving good results for assignments (Neville, 2009). Alternatively, if the author s name occurs naturally in the text, only the date should be given in brackets, as below. Neville (2009) states that referencing is an important factor... Sometimes the name of an organisation or website, rather than an author, will be given where no author is named: The Department of Education (2014) remarks that observation of children is key to effective assessment of their development. Where there are multiple authors, but fewer than four, all of their names should be given. It is important to minimise distractions when studying (Bedford and Wilson, 2013). If there are four or more authors only the first named author needs to be referred to in the text, followed by et al., as below. All authors must be named in the reference list. Moore et al. (2010) assert that it is important to check the credibility of sources when conducting research. If an author has produced multiple works within a single year, you can differentiate between them by placing an appropriate letter after the year in both citations and full references. (Smith, 2012a), (Smith, 2012b), etc On the rare occasion that no date is available, put no date in brackets where you would normally place the year. You must make every effort to track down the date first however. Smith (no date) When referencing a secondary source, one you have not seen yourself but which has been referred to by another author you have read, you must indicate this in the text as follows: Hughes (2010, cited in Andrews, 2012) indicates that during heuristic play children can show intense concentration. 3
When directly quoting an author word for word, or using specific data from them, then you must present these words within quotation marks and provide either a page number (for books and journal articles), a paragraph number (for webpages) or a percentage (for e-books). (Ali, 2015, p. 10), (Ali, 2015, para. 9) or (Ali, 2015, 14%) If you choose to omit any part of the quotation used, please use three dots (known as ellipsis) to indicate this. If there are any spelling or grammatical errors in the quote, do not correct them, instead use [sic] to point them out. Jackson (2014, p.19) claims that Many children miss out on learning within the classroom because they cannot here [sic] clearly. Longer quotations must be separated from the rest of the text by indentation and do not require quotation marks (see example below). Marmot (2010, p. 16) remarks that: The foundations for virtually every aspect of human development physical, intellectual and emotional are laid in early childhood. What happens during these early years (starting in the womb) has lifelong effects on many aspects of health and well-being from obesity, heart disease and mental health, to educational achievement and economic status. The Reference List At the end of your work you need to provide a complete list of all of the sources you have used. This should be given in alphabetical order, according to the surnames of authors (or names of organisations). When using Ref ME you will need to change the title of your list of resource from Bibliography to Reference List. Different kinds of sources require different details to be provided for each reference. Examples of the details needed for each type of source, followed by an example of how the references should be formatted, are given below. Please ensure you model your own references as closely to these examples as possible. Books (and e-books which include page numbers and are identical in form to print versions): Author (surname, initials ensure all authors are included) Year of publication (placed within brackets) Title (present in italics) Edition (if first edition leave blank) Place of publication: Publisher Lindon, J. (2010) Understanding Child Development: Linking Theory and Practice. 2nd edn. London: Hodder Education. 4
Ebooks (such as those on kindle devices where page numbers are not available) Author (surname, initials ensure all authors are included) Year of publication (placed within brackets) Title (present in italics) (Downloaded: date) Pink, D. H. (2012) Drive: The surprising truth behind what motivates us. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Downloaded: 22 February 2013). Audiobooks Present in the same style as ebooks (see above). Chapter in an edited book Author of chapter (surname, initials ensure all authors are included) Year of publication (placed within brackets) Title of chapter (is single quotation marks) in followed by editor of book, followed by (ed.) or (eds.) Title of book (in italics) Place of publication: publisher First and last page number of chapter Walker, S. (2007) Labelling Theory and Life Chances, in Meighan, R., Harber, C., Barton, L., Siraj-Blatchford, I. and Walker, S. (eds.) A Sociology of Education. 5th edn. New York: Continuum, pp. 367-374. Translated books Presented the same as a standard book, but credit translator(s) after the title. Heidegger, M. (1962) Being and Time. Translated by John McQuarrie & Edward Robinson. London: SCM Press. Journal articles (electronic and print versions) Author Year of publication (placed within brackets) Title of article (in single quotation marks) 5
Title of journal (in italics - capitalise first letter of each word, except for linking words) Volume number (unbracketed), issue number or month/season (in round brackets) Page numbers of article Davies, K. and Honeyman, G. (2013) Living with a child whose behaviour is described as challenging, Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), pp. 117 123. Webpages Author or organisation Year page was published or last updated (placed within brackets) Title of webpage (in italics) BBC News (2015) Special needs pupils in fragmented system. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-34516202 (Accessed: 19 October 2015). Newspaper articles Author (surname, initials) Year of publication (placed within brackets) Title of article (in single quotation marks) Title of newspaper (in italics - capitalise first letter of each word) Day and month Page number (if applicable - online versions may not have page numbers) Quinn, B. (2016) UK health experts call for ban on tackling in school rugby, The Guardian. 2 March, p.4. Legislation Name of the act (year does not need to be placed in brackets as forms part of the act s name the same rule applies when citing in the text). Chapter number Health and Social Care Act 2012, c.7. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/7/contents/enacted (Accessed: 8 January 2014). 6
Reports (in print and on the internet) and Government Publications Printed reports and government publications should take the same form as a book, while internet versions should follow the model used for webpages. You Tube Videos Name of person or organisation uploading video Year video uploaded (placed within brackets) Title of video (in italics) TheraminTrees (2010) Transactional Analysis 1: ego states & basic transactions. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nknyfsljy6o&playnext=1&list=pla 0500A6CF666169A&feature=results_video (Accessed: 22 February 2016). Films on DVD/Blu-ray Title of film (in italics) Year of distribution (placed within brackets) Director [DVD] or [Blu-ray] Place of distribution (if identified): Distribution Company Examined Life (2009) Directed by Astra Taylor [DVD]. Toronto: Sphinx Productions. Films Viewed via a Streaming Service Title of film (in italics) Year of distribution (placed within brackets) Director [DVD] or [Blu-ray] Place of distribution (if identified): Distribution Company Available on (name of service used) Examined Life (2009) Directed by Astra Taylor [DVD]. Toronto: Sphinx Productions. Available on Netflix UK (Accessed: 2 January 2014). 7
Radio and TV Programmes (only add URL and date accessed for programmes viewed or listened to online) Title of programme (in italics) Year of original transmission (placed within brackets) Name of channel Day and month of transmission Nature or Nurture? (2016) BBC Radio 4, 29 February. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b071skp5 (Accessed: 3 March 2016). Personal communication (email, conversation, letter, etc amend wording according to communication format used) Smith, J. (2016) Email to Hassan Ali, 20 February. Jones, R. (2015) Text Message to Frederick Akinbiyi, 18 August. Tutor Notes/PowerPoints Author/tutor Year (placed within brackets) Title (in italics) Module name Standley, J. (2015) Referencing. Academic Skills. Available at: https://ucbonline.ucb.ac.uk/webapps/blackboard/content/listcontenteditable.jsp?content_id= _204737_1&course_id=_37649_1 (Accessed: 4 November 2015). 8
Reference List Andrews, M. (2012) Exploring Play for Early Childhood Studies. London: Sage Publications. BBC News (2015) Special needs pupils in fragmented system. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-34516202 (Accessed: 19 October 2015). Davies, K. and Honeyman, G. (2013) Living with a child whose behaviour is described as challenging, Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), pp. 117 123. Examined Life (2009) Directed by Astra Taylor [DVD]. Toronto: Sphinx Productions. Examined Life (2009) Directed by Astra Taylor [DVD]. Toronto: Sphinx Productions. Available on Netflix UK (Accessed: 2 January 2014). Health and Social Care Act 2012, c.7. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/7/contents/enacted (Accessed: 8 January 2014). Heidegger, M. (1962) Being and Time. Translated by John McQuarrie & Edward Robinson. London: SCM Press. Jones, R. (2015) Text Message to Frederick Akinbiyi, 18 August. Lindon, J. (2010) Understanding Child Development: Linking Theory and Practice. 2nd edn. London: Hodder Education. Nature or Nurture? (2016) BBC Radio 4, 29 February. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b071skp5 (Accessed: 3 March 2016). Pink, D. H. (2012) Drive: The surprising truth behind what motivates us. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Downloaded: 22 February 2013). Quinn, B. (2016) UK health experts call for ban on tackling in school rugby, The Guardian. 2 March, p.4. Smith, J. (2016) Email to Hassan Ali, 20 February. Standley, J. (2015) Referencing. Academic Skills. Available at: https://ucbonline.ucb.ac.uk/webapps/blackboard/content/listcontenteditable.jsp?content_id= _204737_1&course_id=_37649_1 (Accessed: 4 November 2015). TheraminTrees (2010) Transactional Analysis 1: ego states & basic transactions. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nknyfsljy6o&playnext=1&list=pla 0500A6CF666169A&feature=results_video (Accessed: 22 February 2016). Walker, S. (2007) Labelling Theory and Life Chances, in Meighan, R., Harber, C., Barton, L., Siraj-Blatchford, I. and Walker, S. (eds.) A Sociology of Education. 5th edn. New York: Continuum, pp. 367-374. 9