Medium and High Voltage Circuit Breakers Characteristic Time Quantities of the Circuit Breaker with Applications

Workshop 6: Maintenance and monitoring Medium and High Voltage Circuit Breakers Characteristic Time Quantities of the Circuit Breaker with Applications Alexander Herrera OMICRON electronics GmbH 3 December 2013

High and Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers Page 2

Definition of Circuit Breaker According to IEC 62271-100 and ANSI C37.100-1992 Is a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal conditions such as short circuit. Page 3

Short circuit oscillogram CB trips and opens short-circuit in about 2 cycles Initiation of shortcircuit current Normal load current flowing Page 9

Short circuit oscillogram CB trips and opens short-circuit in about 2 cycles Initiation of shortcircuit current Normal load current flowing Page 10

Standards ANSI C37.04-1999 Standard ratings defined C37.06-2000 Schedule of preferred ratings C37.09-1999 Type tests Routine tests C37.081, C37.082, IEEE 693 Page 11

Standards IEC IEC 62271-100, 2001 Type, routine & field tests Timing definitions Guide for selection and specification IEC 60694, 2001 Normal service conditions Schedule of preferred ratings Altitude correction IEC 60427, IEC 60815, IEC 60529, IEC 61166, IEC 61233 Page 12

Characteristics Compulsory rated characteristics Rated voltage Rated insulation level Rated normal current Rated short-time withstand current Rated peak withstand current Rated short-circuit duration Rated supply voltage for opening and closing devices and auxiliary circuits Rated frequency Rated short-circuit breaking current Rated transient recovery voltage Rated short-circuit making current Rated time quantities Rated operating sequences Page 13

Characteristics Time Quantities Rated time quantities Opening time Closing time Simultaneity or synchronization Close-open time Open-close time Rated operating sequence O t CO t CO Page 14

Timing definitions According to IEC 62271-100 [O] Opening time [C] Closing time [CO] Close-open time [O-C] Open-close time Reclosing time the interval of time between the specified instant of initiation of the opening operation and the instant of energizing the opening release, the circuit-breaker being in the closed position, and the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles. the interval of time between the initiation of the closing operation and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles. the interval of time between the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole during a closing operation and the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles during the subsequent opening operation. Interval of time between the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles and the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole during a reclosing cycle. Interval of time between the begining of the opening time and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles during a reclosing cycle. Page 15

Timing Explanations [O] Opening time the interval of time between the specified instant of initiation of the opening operation and the instant of energising the opening release, the circuit-breaker being in the closed position, and the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in in all all poles poles Closed position Contact movement Open position Current Flow Opening time Break time Arcing time Final arc extinction in all poles Time Separation arcing contacts in all poles Energising of opening release Separation arcing contacts in first pole Page 16

Timing Explanations [O] Opening time the interval of time between the specified instant of initiation of the opening operation and the instant of energising the opening release, the circuit-breaker being in the closed position, and the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles Closed position Contact movement Open position Current OPENING Flow time Opening time Break time Arcing time BREAKING time Final arc extinction in all poles Time Separation arcing contacts in all poles Energising of opening release Separation arcing contacts in first pole Page 17

Timing Explanations [O] Opening time CB opening time Opening time PhA Opening time PhB Instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all the poles Opening time PhC Instant of energising the opening release Page 18

Timing Explanations [C] Closing time the interval of time between the initiation of of the closing operation and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles Closed position Contact movement Open position Current Flow Make time Time Pre-arcing time Closing time Contacts touch in all poles Energising of closing release Start of current flow in first pole Page 19

Timing Explanations [C] Closing time CB closing time Closing time Phase B Instant when the contacts touch in all the poles Closing time Phase A Closing time Phase C Instant of energising the closing release Page 20

Simultaneity or Synchronization > 1 Interrupting unit (per phase) > 2 or more interrupting units connected in series Page 21

Simultaneity or Synchronization > 1 Interrupting unit per phase > 2 or more interrupting units connected in series 2 or more interrupting units connected in series (per phase) Page 22

Simultaneity or Synchronization One interrupting unit per phase According to IEC 62271-100 and ANSI C37.04-1999, when no special requirement with respect to simultaneous operation of poles is stated, the maximum difference during opening shall not not exceed 1/6 1/6 of of a cycle a cycle of rate frequency and during the the closing shall not exceed 1/4 of a cycle of rate frequency as well. During OPENING maximum difference 1/6 of a cycle 3,33 ms @ 50 Hz 2,78 ms @ 60 Hz During CLOSING maximum difference 1/4 of a cycle 5,0 ms @ 50 Hz 4,17 ms @ 60 Hz Page 24

Simultaneity or Synchronization One interrupting unit per phase During CLOSING maximum difference 1/4 of a cycle 5,0 ms @ 50 Hz 4,17 ms @ 60 Hz Page 25

Simultaneity or Synchronization One interrupting unit per phase During OPENING maximum difference 1/6 of a cycle 3,33 ms @ 50 Hz 2,78 ms @ 60 Hz Page 26

Simultaneity or Synchronization Two or more interrupting units connected in series (per phase) If one pole consists of more than one interrupter unit connected in series, the maximum difference between the instants of contact separation within these series connected interrupter units shall not exceed 1/8 of a cycle of rated frequency, and between the instants of contacts touching within these series connected interrupter units shall not exceed a 1/6 of a cycle of rated frequency. Page 27

Simultaneity or Synchronization Two or more interrupting units connected in series (per phase) During OPENING maximum difference 1/8 of a cycle During CLOSING maximum difference 1/6 of a cycle Synchronization time between interrupter units Page 29

Timing Explanations [CO] Close-Open time the interval of time between the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole during a closing operation and the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles during the subsequent opening operation. Closed position Contact movement Open position Open position Current Flow Close-open time Time Contact touch in the first closing pole Contact touch in all poles Separation arcing contacts in all poles Energising of closing circuit Page 30

Timing Explanations [CO] Close-Open time the interval of time between the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole during a closing operation and the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles during the subsequent opening operation. Closed position Contact movement Open position Open position Current Flow Time Make-break time Final arc extinction in all poles Start of current flow in first pole Page 31

Timing Explanations [CO] Close-Open time the interval of time between the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole during a closing operation and the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles during the subsequent opening operation. Closed position Contact movement Open position Open position Current Flow Close-open time Time Make-break time Contact touch in the first closing pole Contact touch in all poles Start of current flow in first pole Final arc extinction in all poles Separation arcing contacts in all poles Energising of closing circuit Page 32

Timing Explanations [O-C] Open-Close time Interval of time between the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles and the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole during a reclosing cycle. Closed position Contact movement Closed position Open position Current Flow Open-close time Current Flow Time Separation arcing contacts in all poles Energising of opening release Energising of closing circuit Contact touch in first pole Page 34

Timing Explanations Reclosing time Interval of time between the begining of the opening time and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles during a reclosing cycle. Closed position Contact movement Closed position Open position Current Flow Dead time Current Flow Time Re-make time Reclosing time Energising of opening release Final arc extinction in all poles Energising of closing circuit Contact touch in all poles Contact touch in first pole Start of current in first pole Page 35

Timing Explanations [O-C] Open-Close time Interval of time between the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles and the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole during a reclosing cycle. Closed position Contact movement Closed position Open position Current Flow Dead time Open-close time Re-make time Reclosing time Current Flow Time Energising of opening release Final arc extinction in all poles Separation arcing contacts in all poles Energising of closing circuit Contact touch in all poles Contact touch in first pole Start of current in first pole Page 36

Timing Explanations [O-C] Open-Close time Reclosing time Interval of time between the instant when the arcing contacts have separated in all poles and the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole during a reclosing cycle Interval of time between the begining of the opening time and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles during a reclosing cycle Page 37

Duty cycles It is also required that a Circuit Breaker is capable of performing more complex sequences, for example: Three rated operating sequences exist: O t CO t CO t = 3 min for circuit breakers not intended for rapid auto-reclosing t = 0,3 sec for circuit breakers intended for auto-reclosing (dead time) t = 3 min Note: Instedad of t = 3 min, other values: t 15 s and t = 1 min are also used for circuit breakers intended for auto-reclosing. Page 38

Duty cycles t t I SC I r O C O C O Time Page 39

Duty cycles t t I SC I r O C O C O Time Page 40

Questions?? Page 41

Thank you!!! Page 42