TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT APPROVAL SHEET... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT ABSTRACT... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT TABLE OF CONTENTS... I LIST OF TABLES... IV LIST OF FIGURES... IV LIST OF APPENDICES... IV CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT 1.1. Introduction... Error! Bookmark not 1.2. Background of the Study... Error! Bookmark not 1.3. Purpose of the Study... Error! Bookmark not 1.4. Research Question... Error! Bookmark not 1.5. The Scope of the Study... Error! Bookmark not 1.6. Significance of the Study... Error! Bookmark not 1.7. Definition of Terms... Error! Bookmark not 1.8. Organization of the paper... Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER II: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT 2.1. Introduction... Error! Bookmark not 2.2. Literature Circles... Error! Bookmark not 2.2.1. Principles of Literature Circles Teaching.... Error! Bookmark not 2.2.1.1. The students roles in Literature Circles... Error! Bookmark not 1. Students choose the text to read in Literature Circles.... Error! Bookmark not 2. Students use written or drawn notes to guide both their reading and discussion.. Error! Bookmark not 3. Students prepare the discussion topics.... Error! Bookmark not 4. Students evaluate their own progresses.... Error! Bookmark not 2.2.1.2. The teacher s roles in Literature Circles... Error! Bookmark not 1. The teacher serves as facilitator.... Error! Bookmark not 2. The teacher conducts evaluation by observation.... Error! Bookmark not i
2.2.1.3. The Literature Circles procedures.... Error! Bookmark not 1. The Grouping in Literature Circles... Error! Bookmark not A. The small temporary groups are formed, based on book choice. And when a cycle of Literature Circles finished, new groups are formed based on new reading choice.... Error! Bookmark not B. Each Group reads different texts in a cycle.... Error! Bookmark not C. The group meetings are scheduled.... Error! Bookmark not 2. The discussions invite the students to share their reading experiences in open and natural conversations.... Error! Bookmark not 3. The class maintains the spirit of fun.... Error! Bookmark not 2.2.2. Writing in Literature Circles.... Error! Bookmark not 2.3. Starting Literature Circles... Error! Bookmark not 2.3.1. Scheduling Literature Circles in a Classroom... Error! Bookmark not 2.3.2. Tools in Literature Circles... Error! Bookmark not 2.3.2.1. Role Sheets... Error! Bookmark not 2.3.2.2. Response Log / Reading Log... Error! Bookmark not 2.3.2.3. Mini Lessons... Error! Bookmark not 2.4. Theory of Reader Response... Error! Bookmark not 2.4.1. Reader Stances... Error! Bookmark not 2.4.2. Types of Responses... Error! Bookmark not 2.5. Conclusion... Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT 3.1. Introduction... Error! Bookmark not 3.2. Research Design... Error! Bookmark not 3.3. Setting... Error! Bookmark not 3.4. Participants... Error! Bookmark not 3.5. The Literature Circles Program... Error! Bookmark not 3.6. Data Collection Techniques... Error! Bookmark not 3.6.1. Class Observation... Error! Bookmark not 3.6.2. Interview... Error! Bookmark not 3.6.3. Document Analysis... Error! Bookmark not 3.7. Methods of data analysis... Error! Bookmark not 3.7.1. Observation... Error! Bookmark not 3.1.1. Interview... Error! Bookmark not 3.7.3. Document Analysis... Error! Bookmark not 3.8. Conclusion... Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER IV: THE LITERATURE CIRCLES PROGRAM: AN OVERVIEW... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT 4.1. Introduction... Error! Bookmark not 4.2. Starting the Literature Circles Program.... Error! Bookmark not 4.3. The short story selections... Error! Bookmark not 4.4. The Literature Circles Program... Error! Bookmark not 4.4.1. Literature Circles Training. (LCT)... Error! Bookmark not 4.4.2. Literature Circles: First (LC1)... Error! Bookmark not 4.4.3. Literature Circles: The Second (LC2)... Error! Bookmark not 4.4.4. Literature Circles: Third (LC3)... Error! Bookmark not 4.5. Conclusion.... Error! Bookmark not ii
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION OF TEXT ANALYSIS... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT 5.1. Introduction... Error! Bookmark not 5.2. Discussion of the improvements gained by the students.... Error! Bookmark not 5.2.1. Literature Circles Training (LCT)... Error! Bookmark not 5.2.2. Literature Circles 1 (LC1)... Error! Bookmark not 5.2.3. Literature Circles 2 (LC2)... Error! Bookmark not 5.2.4. Literature Circles 3 (LC3)... Error! Bookmark not 5.3. Types of Students Responses... Error! Bookmark not 1.3.1. Most Efferent... Error! Bookmark not 1.3.2. Primarily Efferent... Error! Bookmark not 1.3.3. Primarily Aesthetic... Error! Bookmark not 1.3.4. Most Aesthetic Response... Error! Bookmark not 5.4. Conclusion... Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER VI: DISCUSSION OF INTERVIEW DATA ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT 6.1. Introduction... Error! Bookmark not 6.2. Discussion of Data from the Preliminary Interview.... Error! Bookmark not 6.3. Discussion of Data from the post-program implementation Interview... Error! Bookmark not 6.3.1. The students roles in Literature Circles.... Error! Bookmark not 1. Students choose the text to read.... Error! Bookmark not 2. The students use written or drawn notes to guide both their reading and discussion... Error! Bookmark not 3. The students prepare the discussion topics.... Error! Bookmark not 4. The students evaluate their own progresses.... Error! Bookmark not 6.3.2. The teacher s roles in Literature Circles.... Error! Bookmark not 1. The teacher serves as facilitator.... Error! Bookmark not 2. The teacher conducts evaluation by observation.... Error! Bookmark not 6.3.3. The Literature Circles Procedures... Error! Bookmark not 1. The grouping in Literature Circles... Error! Bookmark not A. Small temporary groups are formed, based on book choice. And when a cycle of Literature Circles finished, new groups are formed based on new reading choice.... Error! Bookmark not B. Each group reads different texts in a cycle.... Error! Bookmark not C. The groups meetings are scheduled.... Error! Bookmark not 2. The discussions invite the students to share their reading experiences in open and natural conversations.... Error! Bookmark not 3. The class maintains the spirit of fun.... Error! Bookmark not 6.4. The developments the students thought they had gained... Error! Bookmark not 6.5. Students Suggestions of Literature Circles Implementation in high school.. Error! Bookmark not 6.6. Conclusion... Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT 7.1. Introduction... Error! Bookmark not 6.2. Conclusions... Error! Bookmark not iii
7.3. Limitation of the study... Error! Bookmark not 7.4. Recommendations for Further Studies... Error! Bookmark not BIBLIOGRAPHY... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT APPENDICES... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT List of Tables Table 1. Literature Circles schedule model for middle school (Daniels, 2002)... Error! Bookmark not Table 2. Major Stages of the Literature Circles Program... Error! Bookmark not Table 3. The ratings of the stories read by the students.... Error! Bookmark not Table 4. The schedule and activities of the Literature Circles program... Error! Bookmark not Table 5. Result of Written Response Analysis LCT... Error! Bookmark not Table 6. Result of Written Response Analysis LC1.... Error! Bookmark not Table 7. Result of Written Response Analysis LC2.... Error! Bookmark not Table 8. Result of Written Response Analysis LC3.... Error! Bookmark not Table 9. Result of Preliminary Interview... Error! Bookmark not Table 10. Result of Post-Program Interview... Error! Bookmark not List of Figures Figure 1. Literature Circles training key steps.... Error! Bookmark not Figure 2. Reader Stance Continuum... Error! Bookmark not Figure 4. The students' written response improvements.... Error! Bookmark not Figure 5. Efferent - Aesthetic Stance Distribution.... Error! Bookmark not List of Appendices Appendix 1. Role Sheets... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 2. Reader Response Prompt.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 3. Interview Condensed Data.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 4. Prompt Interview Questions.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 5. Interview Condensed data by topics.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 6. Classroom Observation Field Notes.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 7. Samples of Students' Reading Logs.... Error! Bookmark not iv
Appendix 8. Samples of Students' Self Assessment Sheets.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 9. Story Rating Sheet.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 10. Story Rating Reports.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 11. Written Response Rubric.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 12. The Catalogue of The Short Stories.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 13. Samples of The Short Stories Chosen by The Students. Error! Bookmark not Appendix 14. The Students' writing index data from Literature Circles Training to Literature Circles 3... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 15. Samples of Te Students' Written Responses Analysis.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 16. Samples of Students' written Responses.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 17. Samples of Mini Lessons.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 18. The Records' of Students' Roles Rotary.... Error! Bookmark not Appendix 19. Teacher's Observation Sheet.... Error! Bookmark not v