Amplitude and Loudness 1 intensity of vibration measured in db-spl (sound pressure level) range for humans 0 (threshold of hearing) to 120 (pain) and beyond 1
LOUDNESS CHART 0--threshold 1 20 quiet living room 10 40 subdued conversation 100 50 average office 316 60 average conversation 1000 70 busy street 3162 80 acoustic guitar 1' away 10000 90 heavy truck 31620 100 subway 100,000 110 power tools 316,200 120 threshold of pain 1,000,000 130 rock band 150 permanent hearing damage 180 rocket engine 2
Amplitude and Loudness 2 dbm levels of electrical power (in milliwatts) signal strength Right side is in decibels 0 db is maximum w/out distortion left side is % of maximum modulation if signal too low--noise introduced signal too high--distortion Can have very high db-spl and still good levels-- must monitor 3
Inverse Square Law of Sound Sound intensity varies inversely with the square of the distance between the sound source and the microphone I = 1/r squared (r= distance) Double the distance 1/4 the intensity Halve the distance 4x the intensity Get the mic as close as possible Moving a mic a little makes a lot of difference 4
Phase time relationship between 2 or more sound waves at a given point in cycle in phase, increase amplitude out of phase, decrease amplitude-- cancellation microphone and speaker placement polarity 5
Phase diagram 6
Phase example-polarity switched 7
Sound Envelope changes in loudness over time attack internal dynamics decay 8
III. WHAT DOES SOUND DO. Sound gives us: Music Spoken Word Sound Effects Silence 9
MUSIC Same structural/technical elements as sound pitch, loudness, tempo, tone color, and envelope But also has: 10
1. melody succession of pitched musical tones of varied durations rhythm--the duration of individual notes pitch -- frequency of individual notes What we remember most in music 11
From? 12
A melody has Key or Tonality keys or tonalities major positive, happy, bright, vigorous minor darker, melancholy, wistful based on the harmonic structure 13
Major Key to Minor Key 14
Melody is characterizable simple melancholy plaintive sentimental romantic 15
Simple Melody Paraguayan Dance--Manuel Barrueco 16
Melancholy Rachmaninoff Prelude 17
2. Harmony--simultaneous sounding of 2 or more tones juxtaposition of notes simultaneous in sequence consonant--agreeable, settled, balanced, stable dissonant--unstable, unresolved 18
Dissonant to Consonant 19
3. Texture created by the interweaving of melody, timbre and harmony delicate, coarse dense airy brittle, 20
Delicate to Dense Texture 21
Dense Texture 22
4.Timbre most sound is not pure harmonic structure is combination of sounds which produces timbre. no objective scale--subjective created by overtones We describe with non-technical terms metallic, sweet, wood-like, buzzing 23
Timbre/color 24
6. Dynamic range crescendo--quiet to loud diminuendo (decrescendo)--loud to soft Interpretive tool build or release tension 25
Dynamics--Mahler: long decrescendo 26
7. Phrasing Interpretation shaping of the musical line done with rhythm accent tone 27
Black Swan Sound From the Black Swan Darren Aronovsky (director) Nina (Natalie Portman) loses control of her life as she embraces the role of the Black Swan music by Tchaikovsky Craig Henighan (sound designer, editor, rerecording mixer) courtesy Scott Tousley (243 Sp 11) http://vimeo.com/17717688 29
Black Swan Sound 30
Black Swan Sound Psychological thriller Quest for perfection-nina Double Hallucinatory--what s real/not real Director said be bold Use sound to push the story forward both subconsciously and overt be big then pull it back 31
Black Swan Sound film starts normal moves into other world Nina sees her double breaths/giggles at beginning--a device foley bird wings flapping, flesh sounds (tree bark, dirt and rocks) 32
Black Swan Sound Recorded NYC crowds, ballet studio sounds insect sounds Kissing Scene throbbing music, breathing/giggle sound Camera follows closely in dance scenes (panning)/ sound pans similarly use of surround technology for story 33
Black Swan Sound Club Scene Chemical Brothers (music has Swan Lake in it) hallucinatory montage visually nina, nina, nina mommy mommy stutter edits Sound ideas, aesthetics, most important 34