Prentice Hall Literature, The Penguin Edition, Grade 6 Grade 6 C O R R E L A T E D T O Grade 6
LANGUAGE ARTS Grade 6 Reading/Literature: The student will apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, appreciate, and respond to a wide variety of texts. Standard 1. Vocabulary - The student will develop and expand knowledge of words and word meanings to increase vocabulary. 1. Words in Context a. Use knowledge of word parts and word relationships, as well as context clues (the meaning of the text around a word), to determine the meaning of technical and specialized vocabulary and to understand the precise meaning of grade-level-appropriate words in fiction and nonfiction texts. b. Use prior experience and context to analyze and explain the figurative use of words, similes (comparisons that use like or as: The Snowplow Reared Up Like a Stallion), metaphors (implied comparisons: Peace is a Sunrise), and multiple meaning words. SE/TE: Context Clues, 518, 520, 523, 525, 526, 530, 532, 534, 536, 540, 539, 543, 544, 547, 548, 551, 554, 557, 564. See also: Academic Vocabulary, 21, 81, 89, 143, 175, 245, 253, 329, 365, 423, 431, 485, 519, 565, 573, 617, 651, 695, 703, 739, 777, 835, 843, 913; Expressive Vocabulary, 22, 30, 30, 43, 50, 67, 91, 96, 107, 114, 129, 177, 190, 205, 216, 231, 255, 268, 281, 281, 294, 315, 367, 378, 387, 387, 394, 407, 433, 440, 455, 460, 475, 521, 528, 545, 550, 559, 575, 580, 589, 609, 653, 705, 779, 784, 793, 800, 815, 845, 852, 865, 878, 887 SE/TE: Figurative Language, 474, 508, 544, 546, 547, 548, 551, 552, 554; Poetry: Figurative Language, 546, 547, 551, 552, 553; Words with Multiple Meanings, 431, 448, 472, 485 1
2. Word Origins a. Recognize the origins and meanings of foreign words frequently used in English. Example: Understand foreign words that are often used in English such as spaghetti (Italian) and rodeo (Spanish). b. Apply knowledge of root words to determine the meaning of unknown words within a passage. c. Use word origins, including knowledge of less common roots (graph = writing, logos = the study of) and word parts (auto = self, bio = life) from Greek and Latin to analyze the meaning of complex words (autograph, autobiography, biology). SE/TE: Borrowed and Foreign Words, 703, 736, 739; Word Origins, 89, 104, 122, 143 SE/TE: Roots: Latin, 21, 40, 60, 81, 175, 202, 224, 245, 651, 680, 695 SE/TE: Word Origins, 89, 104, 122, 143; Prefixes, 40, 519, 538, 556; Roots: Latin, 21, 40, 60, 81, 175, 202, 224, 245, 651, 680, 695; Suffixes, 253, 278, 306, 365, 384, 400 2
*3. Using Resource Materials and Aids a. Determine the meanings, pronunciation, and derivations of unknown words by using a glossary, dictionary, and/or thesaurus. b. Relate dictionary definitions to context of the reading in order to aid understanding. SE/TE: Glossary, R1 R5; Dictionary, R6; Thesaurus, R7; Reading and Vocabulary Skills Preview, 20 21, 88 90, 174 175, 252 253, 364 365, 430 431, 518 519, 572 573, 650 651, 702 703, 776 777, 842 843; Reading and Vocabulary Skill Review, 80 81, 244 245, 328 329, 422 423, 484 485, 564 565, 616 617, 694 695, 738 739, 834 835, 912 913; Vocabulary Builder: Build Skills, 22, 42, 50, 90, 106, 176, 204, 254, 280, 366, 386, 432, 454, 520, 544, 574, 588, 652, 704, 778, 792, 844, 864 SE/TE: Glossary, R1 R5; Dictionary, R6; Context Clues, 518, 520, 523, 525, 526, 530, 532, 534, 536, 540, 539, 543, 544, 547, 548, 551, 554, 557, 564 *Standard 2. Fluency - The student will identify words rapidly so that attention is directed at the meaning of the text. 1. Read regularly in independent-level texts (texts in which no more than approximately 1 in 10 words is difficult for the reader) fluently and accurately, and with appropriate timing, change in voice, and expression. SE/TE: For Further Reading, 155, 341, 497, 629, 751, 927; On Your Own, 156, 159, 342, 343, 498, 503, 630, 633, 752, 757, 928, 931 3
2. Read regularly in instructional-level texts (texts in which no more than approximately 1 in 10 words is difficult for the reader; a "typical" sixth grader reads approximately 120 words per minute). SE/TE: Fiction, 7, 683; Short Story, 31, 130, 137, 167, 178, 191, 206, 217, 232, 240, 256, 269, 282, 295, 316, 322, 888, 901, 928; Nonfiction, 15, 72; Autobiography, 44, 51, 408; Autobiographical Narrative, 368, 379; Biography, 97, 410; Diary, 351; Essay, 108, 115; Expository Essay, 388, 395; Letter, 476, 480; Narrative Essay, 441, 456; Reflective Essay, 434, 461; Speech, 92, 403; Poetry: Narrative Poem, 511; Lyric Poem, 513; Rhyme and Rhythm, 522, 523, 524, 529, 530, 532; Figurative Language, 546, 547, 551, 552, 553; Imagery, 560, 562; Haiku, 576, 581; Limerick, 576, 582; Concrete, 577, 583; Sound Devices, 590, 592, 593, 597, 598, 599; Sensory Language, 610, 613; Folk Literature: Fable, 780, 785; Folk Tale, 68, 781, 786, 846, 853, 866, 879; Myth, 794, 801; Fantasy, 816, 825; Drama, 641, 654, 706, 752; Reading Information Materials, 63 67, 124 126, 226 228, 308 312, 326, 402, 450, 452, 540 542, 604 606, 690 692, 810 812, 860 862 3. Increase silent reading speed through daily independent reading. SE/TE: For Further Reading, 155, 341, 497, 629, 751, 927; On Your Own, 156, 159, 342, 343, 498, 503, 630, 633, 752, 757, 928, 931; Talk About It, 159, 343, 503, 633, 757, 931 4
4. Read silently for increased periods of time. SE/TE: For Further Reading, 155, 341, 497, 629, 751, 927; On Your Own, 156, 159, 342, 343, 498, 503, 630, 633, 752, 757, 928, 931; Talk About It, 159, 343, 503, 633, 757, 931 Standard 3. Comprehension/Critical Literacy - The student will interact with the words and concepts in the text to construct an appropriate meaning. Read and understand grade-level-appropriate material. Describe and connect the essential ideas, arguments, and perspectives of the text by using the knowledge of text structure, organization, and purpose. At Grade 6, in addition to regular classroom reading, students read a variety of gradelevel-appropriate narrative (story) and expository (informational and technical) texts, including classic and contemporary literature, poetry, magazines, newspapers, reference materials, and online information. 1. Literal Understanding a. Use prereading strategies independently (to preview, activate prior knowledge, predict content of text, formulate questions that might be answered by the text, establish purpose for reading). SE/TE: Reading and Vocabulary Skills Preview, 20 21, 88 90, 174 175, 252 253, 364 365, 430 431, 518 519, 572 573, 650 651, 702 703, 776 777, 842 843; Build Skills, 22, 42, 50, 90, 106, 176, 204, 254, 280, 366, 386, 432, 454, 520, 544, 574, 588, 652, 704, 778, 792, 844, 864; Build Understanding, 23, 30, 43, 91, 96, 107, 114, 177, 190, 205, 216, 255, 268, 281, 294, 315, 367, 376, 387, 394, 407, 413, 440, 455, 460, 475, 521, 528, 545, 575, 580, 589, 596, 653, 705, 779, 784, 793, 800, 845, 852, 865, 878 5
b. Read and comprehend both fiction and nonfiction that is appropriately designed for sixth grade. c. Recognize main ideas presented in a particular segment of text; identify and assess evidence that supports those ideas. SE/TE: Talks About the Forms: Fiction and Nonfiction, 2 6, 14; Short Stories, 162 165; Nonfiction 346-350; Poetry, 506 509; Drama, 636 639; Folk Literature, 760 763; Literary Analysis: Comparing Fiction and Nonfiction, 66, 79; Comparing Literary Works: Novels and Dramatization, 682, 689; Fables and Folk Tales, 778, 782, 788; Fiction, 7, 683; Short Story, 31, 130, 137, 167, 178, 191, 206, 217, 232, 240, 256, 269, 282, 295, 316, 322, 888, 901, 928; Nonfiction, 15, 72; Autobiography, 44, 51, 408; Autobiographical Narrative, 368, 379; Biography, 97, 410; Diary, 351; Essay, 108, 115; Expository Essay, 388, 395; Letter, 476, 480; Narrative Essay, 441, 456; Reflective Essay, 434, 461; Speech, 92, 403; Poetry: Narrative Poem, 511; Lyric Poem, 513; Rhyme and Rhythm, 522, 523, 524, 529, 530, 532; Figurative Language, 546, 547, 551, 552, 553; Imagery, 560, 562; Haiku, 576, 581; Limerick, 576, 582; Concrete, 577, 583; Sound Devices, 590, 592, 593, 597, 598, 599; Sensory Language, 610, 613; Folk Literature: Fable, 780, 785; Folk Tale, 68, 781, 786, 846, 853, 866, 879; Myth, 794, 801; Fantasy, 816, 825; Drama, 641, 654, 706, 752; Reading Information Materials, 63 67, 124 126, 226 228, 308 312, 326, 402, 450, 452, 540 542, 604 606, 690 692, 810 812, 860 862 SE/TE: Main Idea, 430, 432, 436, 438, 443, 444, 446, 453, 454, 458, 462, 463, 464, 466, 469, 470, 473, 484 6
d. Use the text's structure or progression of ideas, such as cause and effect or chronology to locate or recall information. 2. Inferences and Interpretation a. Draw inferences and conclusions about text and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. SE/TE: Cause and Effect, 776, 778, 780, 782, 787, 788, 792, 795, 798, 802, 803, 806, 810; Critical Thinking: Analyze Cause and Effect, 120, 188, 304, 326, 362, 850; Summarizing, 650, 652, 655, 657, 662, 664, 665, 667, 671, 674, 677, 678, 681, 690, 693, 694; Use Text Structure, 20, 62; Thinking About the Selection, 28, 38, 48, 58, 71, 78, 94, 102, 112, 120, 136, 140, 188, 200, 214, 222, 239, 242, 266, 276, 292, 304, 321, 326, 327, 362, 376, 382, 392, 398, 420, 429, 438, 446, 458, 470, 482, 526, 536, 554, 578, 584, 594, 600, 612, 678, 688, 734, 782, 788, 798, 806, 824, 832, 850, 856, 876, 882, 900, 910 SE/TE: Make Inferences, 174, 176, 178, 180, 183, 185, 186, 188, 192, 194, 195, 196, 198, 200, 203, 212, 214, 217, 218, 221, 222, 225, 226, 229, 244; Drawing Conclusions, 252, 254, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 271, 274, 275, 276, 279, 280, 283, 284, 286, 289, 290, 291, 292, 296, 297, 298, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 313, 328; Critical Thinking: Infer, 38, 58, 71, 112, 136, 172, 239, 242, 266, 276, 321, 362, 376, 382, 409, 458, 470, 479, 482, 516, 536, 548, 578, 584, 594, 600, 612, 614, 648, 774, 782, 788, 798, 806, 832, 850, 856, 876, 900; Draw Conclusions, 18, 48, 58, 94, 120, 172, 188, 214, 222, 376, 382, 438, 516, 578, 648, 688, 734, 850, 882, 910 7
b. Make inferences or draw conclusions about characters qualities and actions (i.e., based on knowledge of plot, setting, characters motives, characters appearances, other characters responses to a character). *c. Interpret and respond creatively to literature (e.g., art, drama, oral presentations, and Reader's Theater). 3. Summary and Generalization a. Summarize and paraphrase information including the main idea and significant supporting details of a reading selection. SE/TE: Characters, 3, 4, 9, 164, 166, 176, 179, 182, 187, 188, 191, 193, 194, 196, 200, 230, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 638, 640, 642, 648, 762, 764 SE/TE: Thinking About the Selection, 28, 38, 48, 58, 71, 78, 94, 102, 112, 120, 136, 140, 188, 200, 214, 222, 239, 242, 266, 276, 292, 304, 321, 326, 327, 362, 376, 382, 392, 398, 420, 429, 438, 446, 458, 470, 482, 526, 536, 554, 578, 584, 594, 600, 612, 678, 688, 734, 782, 788, 798, 806, 824, 832, 850, 856, 876, 882, 900, 910; Extend Your Learning, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 459, 471, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883 SE/TE: Summarizing, 650, 652, 655, 657, 662, 664, 665, 667, 671, 674, 677, 678, 681, 690, 693, 694; Paraphrasing, 572, 574, 578, 584, 588, 591, 593, 597, 598, 600, 604 8
b. Make generalizations based on information gleaned from text. SE/TE: Generalize, 124, 188, 222, 362, 392, 420, 561, 578, 612; Make Generalizations Based on Fact and Opinion, 124; c. Support reasonable statements and conclusions by reference to relevant aspects of text and examples. SE/TE: Thinking About the Selection, 28, 38, 48, 58, 71, 78, 94, 102, 112, 120, 136, 140, 188, 200, 214, 222, 239, 242, 266, 276, 292, 304, 321, 326, 327, 362, 376, 382, 392, 398, 420, 429, 438, 446, 458, 470, 482, 526, 536, 554, 578, 584, 594, 600, 612, 678, 688, 734, 782, 788, 798, 806, 824, 832, 850, 856, 876, 882, 900, 910; Drawing Conclusions, 252, 254, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 271, 274, 275, 276, 279, 280, 283, 284, 286, 289, 290, 291, 292, 296, 297, 298, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 313, 328; Critical Thinking: Draw Conclusions, 18, 48, 58, 94, 120, 172, 188, 214, 222, 376, 382, 438, 516, 578, 648, 688, 734, 850, 882, 910 9
d. Clarify understanding of text information in different ways (e.g., timelines, outlines, graphic organizer) to support and explain ideas. 4. Analysis and Evaluation a. Evaluate the believability of a character and the impact they have on the plot. b. Analyze the main problem or conflict of the plot; the effect of the qualities of the characters and explain how the conflict is resolved. SE/TE: Chart, 82, 189, 201, 215, 223, 743, 836; Venn Diagram, 621; Timeline, 393, 399; Graphic Organizer, 489. Students use graphic organizers as they complete the Apply the Skills activities. See pages 28, 38, 48, 58, 94, 102, 112, 120, 188, 200, 214, 222, 266, 276, 292, 304, 327, 362, 376, 382, 392, 398, 438, 446, 458, 470, 526, 536, 554, 578, 584, 594, 600, 678, 734, 782, 788, 798, 806, 850, 856, 876, and 882. SE/TE: Characters, 3, 4, 9, 164, 166, 176, 179, 182, 187, 188, 191, 193, 194, 196, 200, 230, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 638, 640, 642, 648, 762, 764; Plot, 4, 6, 12, 22, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 38, 164, 166 SE/TE: Plot, 4, 6, 12, 22, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 38, 164, 166; Conflict, 6, 10, 22, 25, 28, 38, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 219, 222, 770 10
c. Contrast the actions, motives, and appearances of characters in a work of fiction and discuss the importance of the contrasts to the plot or theme. d. Make observations, connections, and react, speculate, interpret, and raise questions in analysis of texts. SE/TE: Characters, 3, 4, 9, 164, 166, 176, 179, 182, 187, 188, 191, 193, 194, 196, 200, 230, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 638, 640, 642, 648, 762, 764; Plot, 4, 6, 12, 22, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 38, 164, 166; Theme, 254, 260, 261, 264, 265, 266, 270, 274, 276, 638, 640, 760-764, 766, 769, 770, 774, 864, 869, 870, 875, 876, 880, 882 SE/TE: Connecting to the Literature, 23, 30, 43, 91, 96, 107, 114, 177, 190, 205, 216, 255, 268, 281, 294, 315, 367, 376, 387, 394, 407, 413, 440, 455, 460, 475, 521, 528, 545, 575, 580, 589, 596, 653, 705, 779, 784, 793, 800, 845, 852, 865, 878; Literature in Context: Biography Connection, 435; Culture Connection, 199, 656, 718, 804; Geography Connection, 272; Health Connection, 26; History Connection, 285, 300, 417, 768; Literature Connection, 100, 874; Media Connection, 374; Music Connection, 908; Safety Connection, 184; Science Connection, 76, 110, 442, 457, 661; Social Studies Connection, 46, 218; Speculate, 28, 94, 102, 242, 321, 326, 398, 409, 420, 438, 458, 479, 482, 516, 526, 562, 594, 688, 788, 798, 806, 832, 882, 900; Interpret, 18, 38, 58, 112, 120, 188, 200, 276, 398, 409, 420, 446, 458, 536, 548, 554, 562, 578, 584, 612, 614, 648, 734, 806, 856, 876, 882, 900, 910; Ask Questions, 252, 254, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 271, 274, 275, 276, 364, 386, 389, 390, 392, 396, 397, 398, 518, 520, 523, 525, 526, 530, 532, 534, 536, 792, 795, 798, 802, 803, 806; 11
e. Recognize and evaluate structural patterns found in a literary work (e.g., cause/effect, problem/solution, sequential order). f. Distinguish among stated facts, inferences supported by evidence, and opinions in text. *5. Monitoring and Correction Strategies a. Monitor own reading and modify strategies as needed when understanding breaks down (e.g., rereading a portion aloud, using reference aids, trying an alternate pronunciation, searching for clues, and asking questions). SE/TE: Talks About the Forms: Fiction and Nonfiction, 2 6, 14; Types of Nonfiction, 344-349; Comparison-and-Contrast Organization, 348; Comparison-and-Contrast Essay, 620 627; Comparison-and-Contrast Articles, 308 312; Cause-and-effect Organization, 348, 776; Cause-and-Effect Articles, 810 812; Chronological Organization, 348, 358; Problemsolution Proposal, 496; Problem-and-Solution Essays, 690 692 SE/TE: Make Generalizations Based on Fact and Opinion, 124; Fact and Opinion, 88, 90, 93, 94, 97, 101, 102, 106, 110, 112, 115, 116, 118, 120, 124 SE/TE: Monitor Your Progress, 41, 61, 105, 127, 229, 313, 385, 401, 405, 449, 473, 487, 543, 557, 607, 681, 693, 701, 737, 791, 809, 813, 863; Thinking About the Selection, 28, 38, 48, 58, 71, 78, 94, 102, 112, 120, 136, 140, 188, 200, 214, 222, 239, 242, 266, 276, 292, 304, 321, 326, 327, 362, 376, 382, 392, 398, 420, 429, 438, 446, 458, 470, 482, 526, 536, 554, 578, 584, 594, 600, 612, 678, 688, 734, 782, 788, 798, 806, 824, 832, 850, 856, 876, 882, 900, 910; Rereading, 518, 544, 547, 548, 551, 554, 572, 574, 578, 584, 650, 652, 655, 657, 662, 664, 665, 667, 671, 674, 677, 678, 776, 778, 780, 782, 787, 788 12
TE: Critical Thinking, 36, 54, 56, 76, 98, 117, 119, 138, 181, 186, 198, 211, 220, 221, 259, 262, 273, 301, 320, 370, 435, 445, 525, 535, 547, 553, 577, 583, 592, 599, 677, 733, 786, 796, 802, 848, 854, 867, 881, 892, 893, 904 b. Clarify meaning by questioning and rereading; confirm and revise predictions as needed when reading. SE/TE: Ask Questions, 252, 254, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 271, 274, 275, 276, 364, 386, 389, 390, 392, 396, 397, 398, 518, 520, 523, 525, 526, 530, 532, 534, 536, 792, 795, 798, 802, 803, 806; Rereading, 518, 544, 547, 548, 551, 554, 572, 574, 578, 584, 650, 652, 655, 657, 662, 664, 665, 667, 671, 674, 677, 678, 776, 778, 780, 782, 787, 788; Predicting, 20, 22, 25, 28, 33, 34, 37, 38, 41, 42, 47, 48, 53, 57, 58, 61, 62, 65, 80; Critical Thinking: Predict, 536, 678 c. Adjust reading rate and determine appropriate strategies according to the purpose for reading, the difficulty of the text, and characteristics of the text. SE/TE: For related information see: Reading and Vocabulary Skills Preview, 20 21, 88 90, 174 175, 252 253, 364 365, 430 431, 518 519, 572 573, 650 651, 702 703, 776 777, 842 843; Reading and Vocabulary Skill Review, 80 81, 244 245, 328 329, 422 423, 484 485, 564 565, 616 617, 694 695, 738 739, 834 835, 912 913 13
Standard 4. Literature - The student will read, construct meaning, and respond to a wide variety of literary forms. Read and respond to grade-level-appropriate historically or culturally significant works of literature that reflect and enhance a study of history and social science. Clarify ideas and connect them to other literary works. 1. Literary Genres - The student will demonstrate a knowledge of and an appreciation for various forms of literature. a. Analyze the characteristics of genres, including short story, novel, drama, poetry, and nonfiction. SE/TE: Talks About the Forms: Fiction and Nonfiction, 2 6, 14; Short Stories, 162 165; Poetry, 506 509; Drama, 636 639; Folk Literature, 760 763; Literary Analysis: Comparing Fiction and Nonfiction, 66, 79; Comparing Literary Works: Novels and Dramatization, 682, 689; Fables and Folk Tales, 778, 782, 788; Fiction, 7, 683; Short Story, 31, 130, 137, 167, 178, 191, 206, 217, 232, 240, 256, 269, 282, 295, 316, 322, 888, 901, 928; Nonfiction, 15, 72; Autobiography, 44, 51, 408; Autobiographical Narrative, 368, 379; Biography, 97, 410; Diary, 351; Essay, 108, 115; Expository Essay, 388, 395; Letter, 476, 480; Narrative Essay, 441, 456; Reflective Essay, 434, 461; Speech, 92, 403; Poetry: Narrative Poem, 511; Lyric Poem, 513; Rhyme and Rhythm, 522, 523, 524, 529, 530, 532; Figurative Language, 546, 547, 551, 552, 553; Imagery, 560, 562; Haiku, 576, 581; Limerick, 576, 582; Concrete, 577, 583; Sound Devices, 590, 592, 593, 597, 598, 599; Sensory Language, 610, 613; Folk Literature: Fable, 780, 785; Folk Tale, 68, 781, 786, 846, 853, 866, 879; Myth, 794, 801; Fantasy, 816, 825; Drama, 641, 654, 706, 752; Reading Information Materials, 63 67, 124 126, 226 228, 308 312, 326, 402, 450, 452, 540 542, 604 606, 690 692, 810 812, 860 862 14
b. Analyze characteristics of subgenres, including autobiography, biography, fable, folk tale, mystery, and myth. SE/TE: Talks About the Forms: Fiction and Nonfiction, 2 6, 14; Short Stories, 162 165; Nonfiction 346-350; Poetry, 506 509; Drama, 636 639; Folk Literature, 760 763; Literary Analysis: Comparing Fiction and Nonfiction, 66, 79; Comparing Literary Works: Novels and Dramatization, 682, 689; Fables and Folk Tales, 778, 782, 788; Myths, 792, 798, 806; Fantasy, 814, 833; Fiction, 7, 683; Short Story, 31, 130, 137, 167, 178, 191, 206, 217, 232, 240, 256, 269, 282, 295, 316, 322, 888, 901, 928; Folk Literature: Fable, 780, 785; Folk Tale, 68, 781, 786, 846, 853, 866, 879; Myth, 794, 801; Fantasy, 816, 825; Drama, 641, 654, 706, 752 2. Literary Elements - The student will demonstrate knowledge of literary elements and techniques and how they affect the development of a literary work. a. Identify and explain elements of fiction, including plot, conflict, character, setting, and theme. SE/TE: Plot, 4, 6, 12, 22, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 38, 164, 166; Conflict, 6, 10, 22, 25, 28, 38, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 219, 222, 770; Characters, 3, 4, 9, 164, 166, 176, 179, 182, 187, 188, 191, 193, 194, 196, 200, 230, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 638, 640, 642, 648, 762, 764; Setting, 4, 6, 165, 166, 168, 172, 280, 283, 284, 287, 288, 292, 296, 299, 302, 304, 636, 764; Theme, 254, 260, 261, 264, 265, 266, 270, 274, 276, 638, 640, 760-764, 766, 769, 770, 774, 864, 869, 870, 875, 876, 880, 882; Implied Theme, 165; Comparing Theme, 314, 317, 319, 321, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327 15
b. Identify and explain internal and external conflict in the development of a story. c. Determine the author's purpose (persuade, inform, entertain) and point of view, whether explicitly or implicitly stated and how it affects the text. d. Connect, compare, and contrast ideas, themes, and issues across texts. SE/TE: Conflict, 6, 10, 22, 25, 28, 38, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 219, 222, 770 SE/TE: Author's/Writer's Purpose, 5, 18, 347, 348, 350; Author's Purpose, 364, 366, 370, 372, 373, 375, 376, 380, 381, 382, 385, 386, 389, 390, 392, 396, 397, 398, 401, 405, 422, 430, 450, 453; Meet the Author, 23, 30, 43, 91, 96, 107, 114, 177, 190, 205, 216, 255, 268, 281, 294, 315, 367, 376, 387, 394, 407, 413, 440, 455, 460, 475, 521, 528, 545, 575, 580, 589, 596, 653, 705, 779, 784, 793, 800, 845, 852, 865, 878; Point of View, 4, 42, 45, 48, 51, 53, 54, 58; also see: Narration, 5, 362 SE/TE: Theme, 254, 260, 261, 264, 265, 266, 270, 274, 276, 638, 640, 760-764, 766, 769, 770, 774, 864, 869, 870, 875, 876, 880, 882; Implied Theme, 165; Comparing Literary Works, 66, 79, 230, 128, 141, 243, 314, 327, 406, 421, 474, 483, 558, 563, 608, 615, 682, 689, 814, 833, 886, 911 16
3. Figurative Language and Sound Devices - The student will identify figurative language and sound devices and will analyze how they affect the development of a literary work. a. Identify and explain figurative language, including symbolism, imagery, metaphor, personification, simile, and idioms. b. Identify and explain sound devices, including alliteration, onomatopoeia, and rhyme. c. Interpret poetry and recognize poetic styles (e.g., rhymed, free verse, and patterned [cinquain, diamante]). SE/TE: Figurative Language, 474, 508, 544, 546, 547, 548, 551, 552, 554; Poetry: Figurative Language, 546, 547, 551, 552, 553 SE/TE: Alliteration, 508, 588, 594, 600; Onomatopoeia, 508, 588, 594, 600; Rhyme and Rhythm, 507, 508, 520, 522, 523, 526, 529, 530, 531, 534, 535, 536; Poetry: Sound Devices, 590, 592, 593, 597, 598, 599 SE/TE: Talk About the Forms: Poetry, 504 505; Poetry: Narrative Poem, 511; Lyric Poem, 513; Rhyme and Rhythm, 522, 523, 524, 529, 530, 532; Figurative Language, 546, 547, 551, 552, 553; Imagery, 560, 562; Haiku, 576, 581; Limerick, 576, 582; Concrete, 577, 583; Sound Devices, 590, 592, 593, 597, 598, 599; Sensory Language, 610, 613 17
d. Identify and describe the function and effect of common literary devices, such as imagery and symbolism. Imagery: the use of language to create vivid pictures in the reader's mind. Symbolism: the use of an object to represent something else; for example, a dove might symbolize peace. SE/TE: Images and Imagery, 509, 510, 516, 558, 561, 563; Poetry: Imagery, 560, 562; Symbolism, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141 SE/TE: Images and Imagery, 509, 510, 516, 558, 561, 563; Poetry: Imagery, 560, 562 SE/TE: Symbolism, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141 18
*4. Literary Works - The student will read and respond to historically and culturally significant works of literature. a. Analyze and evaluate works of literature and the historical context in which they were written. b. Analyze and evaluate literature from various cultures to broaden cultural awareness. c. Compare similar characters, settings, and themes from varied literary traditions. SE/TE: Folk Literature: Fable, 780, 785; Folk Tale, 68, 781, 786, 846, 853, 866, 879; Myth, 794, 801; Fantasy, 816, 825; Drama, 641, 654, 706, 752; Historical Fiction, 764; History Connection, 285, 300, 417; Historical Writing, 349; Culture Connection, 199, 656, 718, 804. Background and Meet the Author, 23, 30, 43, 91, 96, 107, 114, 177, 190, 205, 216, 255, 268, 281, 294, 315, 367, 376, 387, 394, 407, 413, 440, 455, 460, 475, 521, 528, 545, 575, 580, 589, 596, 653, 705, 779, 784, 793, 800, 845, 852, 865, 878 SE/TE: Cultural Characteristics, 128, 254, 314, 474, 574, 814, 864; Culture Connection, 199, 656, 718, 804; Folk Literature: Fable, 780, 785; Folk Tale, 68, 781, 786, 846, 853, 866, 879; Myth, 794, 801; Fantasy, 816, 825; Drama, 641, 654, 706, 752 SE/TE: Comparing Literary Works, 66, 79, 230, 128, 141, 243, 314, 327, 406, 421, 474, 483, 558, 563, 608, 615, 682, 689, 814, 833, 886, 911 19
Standard 5. Research and Information - The student will conduct research and organize information. 1. Accessing Information - The student will select the best source for a given purpose. a. Use card catalogs and computer databases to locate sources for research topics. SE/TE: Research and Technology, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 459, 471, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883; Reading Information Materials, 63 67, 124 126, 226 228, 308 312, 326, 402, 450, 452, 540 542, 604 606, 690 692, 810 812, 860 862; Research and Technology Guide, R24 R25 b. Access information from a variety of primary and secondary sources to gather information for research topics. SE/TE: Multimedia Report, 836 840; Research Report, 916 925; Research and Technology, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 459, 471, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883; Reading Information Materials, 63 67, 124 126, 226 228, 308 312, 326, 402, 450, 452, 540 542, 604 606, 690 692, 810 812, 860 862; Research and Technology Guide, R24 R25 20
c. Use organizational strategies as an aid to comprehend increasingly difficult content material. d. Note instances of persuasion, propaganda, faulty reasoning, or misleading information in text. e. Use reference features of printed text, such as citations, endnotes, and bibliographies, to locate relevant information about a topic. SE/TE: Talks About the Forms: Fiction and Nonfiction, 2 6, 14; Types of Nonfiction, 344-349; Analyze Organization, 308, Comparisonand-Contrast Organization, 348; Comparisonand-Contrast Essay, 620 627; Cause-and-effect Organization, 348, 776, 810; Chronological Organization, 348, 358 SE/TE: Persuasive Speeches, 402 404; Editorials, 860 862; Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Persuasive Writing, 349, 362 SE/TE: Multimedia Report, 836 840; Research Report, 916 925; also see: Research and Technology, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883; Explanation, 61, 65, 225, 229, 401, 449, 453, 543, 557, 587, 603, 607, 737; Annotated Bibliography Entries on Immigration, 459, 471; Annotated List of Stories, 783, 789; Writing Letters, R22 R23; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R25 R26 21
2. Interpreting Information - The student will analyze and evaluate information from a variety of sources. a. Record, organize, and display relevant information from multiple sources in systemic ways (e.g., outlines, graphic organizers, or note cards). b. Identify and credit the reference sources used to gain information. SE/TE: Multimedia Report, 836 840; Research Report, 916 925; also see: Research and Technology, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883; Outlining, 650, 690; Taking Notes, 566, 917 SE/TE: Multimedia Report, 836 840; Research Report, 916 925; also see: Research and Technology, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883; Explanation, 61, 65, 225, 229, 401, 449, 453, 543, 557, 587, 603, 607, 737; Annotated Bibliography Entries on Immigration, 459, 471; Annotated List of Stories, 783, 789; Writing Letters, R22 R23; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R25 R26 22
c. Determine the appropriateness of an information source for a research topic. d. Summarize information from multiple sources into a research paper. SE/TE: Research Report, 916 925; Research and Technology, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883; Explanation, 61, 65, 225, 229, 401, 449, 453, 543, 557, 587, 603, 607, 737 SE/TE: Multimedia Report, 836 840; Research Report, 916 925; Summary, 679; Review of Short Story, 246 250; Summarizing, 650, 652, 655, 657, 662, 664, 665, 667, 671, 674, 677, 678, 681, 690, 693, 694 Writing/Grammar/Usage and Mechanics: The student will express ideas effectively in written modes for a variety of purposes and audiences. Discuss and keep a list of writing ideas and use graphic organizers to plan writing. Write clear, coherent, and focused papers, and progress through the stages of the writing process and proofread, edit, and revise writing. *Standard 1. Writing Process - The student will use the writing process to write coherently. 1. Use a writing process to develop composition skills. Students are expected to use prewriting strategies, write and revise multiple drafts, edit, and share their compositions. SE/TE: Writing Workshops: Descriptive Essay, 82 86; Autobiographical Narrative, 146 153; Review of Short Story, 246 250; Short Story, 332 339; How-to Essay, 424 428; Persuasive Essay, 488 495; Writing for Assessment, 566 570; Comparison-and-Contrast Essay, 620 627; Letter, 696 700; Cause-and-Effect Essay, 742 749; Multimedia Report, 836 840; Research Report, 916 925 23
2. Use details, examples, reasons, and evidence to develop an idea. SE/TE: Prewriting: Book Talk, 246; Brainstorming, 424, 743; Browsing, 743, 917; Freewriting, 147, 333; Making Quicklist, 621; Media flip-through, 621; Media Review, 489; Memory Quicklist, 147; Organizing Round Table, 489; Self-Interview, 696, 836, 917; Using Trigger Words, 82 3. Use spatial, chronological, and climactic organizational patterns as appropriate to purpose. SE/TE: How-to Essay, 424 428; Persuasive Essay, 488 495; Writing for Assessment, 566 570; Comparison-and-Contrast Essay, 620 627; Cause-and-Effect Essay, 742 749; Multimedia Report, 836 840; Research Report, 916 925; Writing Workshop: Drafting, 83, 148, 247, 490, 567, 622, 744, 918 4. Use precise word choices, including figurative language, that convey specific meaning and tone. SE/TE: Revising: Word Choice, 425, 624, 920. See the following: Writing Workshop, 82 86, 146 153, 246 250, 332 339, 424 428, 488 495, 566 570, 620 627, 696 700, 742 749, 836 840, 916 925 24
5. Use a variety of sentence structures, types, and lengths to contribute to fluency and interest. 6. Edit for errors in Standard English usage, sentence structure, mechanics, and spelling. SE/TE: Sentences, 538, 556, 568, 625, 698, 747, 808; Revising: Sentences, 83, 492, 493, 625, 698, 746, 747; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 SE/TE: Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 *Standard 2. Modes and Forms of Writing - The student will write for a variety of purposes and audiences using narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and reflective modes. At Grade 6, write narrative (story), expository (informative), persuasive, reflective, and descriptive texts of at least 500 to 700 words, demonstrating a command of Standard English and the research, organization, and drafting strategies outlined in the writing process. Writing demonstrates an awareness of the audience (intended reader) and purpose for writing. 1. Write narratives that: a. establish and develop a plot and setting, and present a point of view that is appropriate to the stories. b. include sensory details and clear language to develop plot and character. c. use a range of narrative devices, such as dialogue or suspense. Example: Write a short play that could be presented to the class. Rewrite a short story that was read in class, telling the story from another point of view. SE/TE: Autobiographical Narrative, 146 153; Short Story, 332 339; Timed Writing: Description. 41, 127, 202, 307, 313, 307, 473; Poem, 549, 555, 579, 585; Writing Activities: Narratives, 49, 59; Description of Character, 267, 277; Dramatic Scene, 95, 103; Fable, 783, 789; Journal Entry, 439, 447; Personal Anecdote, 113, 121 25
2. Write descriptions, explanations, comparison and contrast papers, and problem and solution papers that: a. state the thesis (position on the topic) or purpose. b. explain the situation. c. organize the composition clearly and appropriately for the purpose of the writing. d. provide evidence to support arguments and conclusions. Example: Write successive drafts of a one- or two-page newspaper article about school carnival activities, including details to support the main topic and allow the reader to compare and contrast the different carnival activities described. 3. Write persuasive compositions that: a. state a clear position on a proposition or proposal. b. support the position with organized and relevant evidence and effective emotional appeals. c. anticipate and address reader concerns and counterarguments. Example: Write a persuasive paper on how the class should celebrate the end of the school year, including adequate reasons for why the class should participate in the activity described. Create an advertisement for a product to try to convince readers to buy the product. SE/TE: Descriptive Essay, 82 86; How-to Essay, 424 428; Persuasive Essay, 488 495; Writing for Assessment, 566 570; Comparisonand-Contrast Essay, 620 627; Description. 41, 127, 202, 307, 313, 307, 473; Explanation, 61, 65, 225, 229, 401, 449, 453, 543, 557, 587, 603, 607, 737, 809, 813, 859; Prose Description of Scene in Poem, 595, 601; Problem/Solution Essay, 459, 471 SE/TE: Persuasive Essay, 488 495; also see: Help-wanted ad, 189, 201; Review of Short Story, 246 250; Review, 203, 225, 679; Apply the Skills: Writing, 393, 223, 215 26
4. Write reflective papers that may address one of the following purposes: a. express the individual s insight into conditions or situations. b. compare a scene from a work of fiction with a lesson learned from experience. c. complete a self-evaluation on a class performance. Example: Write a reflective paper that discusses reasons for selections used in a portfolio of works that demonstrate skills in different subjects. 5. Use appropriate essay test-taking and timewriting strategies that: a. address and analyze the question (prompt). b. use organizational methods required by the prompt. 6. Write responses to literature that: a. include an interpretation that shows careful reading, understanding, and insight. b. organize the interpretation around several clear ideas. c. develop and justify the interpretation through the use of examples and evidence from the text. Example: After reading folktales from other countries and the United States, write a response to the stories. Identify the beliefs and values that are highlighted in each of these folktales and develop a theory to explain why similar tales appear in many different cultures. SE/TE: Review of Short Story, 246 250; Review, 203, 225, 246, 679; Journal Entry, 439, 447; Essay Comparing Myth to Experience, 799, 807; Writing to Compare Literary Works, 79, 141, 243, 327, 483, 563, 615, 689, 833; Rubric for Self-Assessment, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Writing for Assessment, 566 570; Writing for Assessment, 514, 539, 557; Writing to Compare Literary Works, 79, 141, 243, 327, 483, 563, 615, 689, 833; Essay Comparing Myth to Experience, 799, 807; Prose Description of Scene in Poem, 595, 601; Review, 203, 225, 246, 679; Monitor Your Progress: Writing Workshop, 41, 61, 105, 127, 229, 313, 385, 401, 405, 449, 473, 487, 543, 557, 607, 681, 693, 701, 737, 791, 809, 813, 863 SE/TE: Review of Short Story, 246 250; Writing & Extend Your Learning, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 459, 471, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883; Response to Literature: Letter, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700; Response to Literature: Letter, 647, 681 27
7. Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person, adjusting tone and style as necessary to make writing interesting. Example: Write stories, reports, and letters showing a variety of word choices, or review a favorite book or film. SE/TE: Writing Workshops: Descriptive Essay, 82 86; Autobiographical Narrative, 146 153; Review of Short Story, 246 250; Short Story, 332 339; How-to Essay, 424 428; Persuasive Essay, 488 495; Writing for Assessment, 566 570; Comparison-and-Contrast Essay, 620 627; Letter, 696 700; Cause-and-Effect Essay, 742 749; Multimedia Report, 836 840; Research Report, 916 925 8. Write friendly letters and business letters, and continue to produce other writing forms introduced in earlier grades. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Letter, 696 700; Activities: Letter, 393, 383, 399, 527, 537, 647, 681; Invitation, 851, 857; Writing Friendly Letters, R22; Formatting Business Letters, R23 9. Use handwriting/penmanship to copy and/or compose text, in manuscript or cursive, using correct spacing and formation of letters. SE/TE: Publishing and Presenting, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 28
*Standard 3. Grammar/Usage and Mechanics - The student will demonstrate appropriate practices in writing by applying Standard English conventions to the revising and editing stages of writing. 1. Standard English Usage - Demonstrate correct use of Standard English in speaking and writing. a. Identify the principal parts of verbs to form verb tenses. SE/TE: Verbs, 202, 224, 248, 625; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 b. Make subjects and verbs agree. SE/TE: Subject-Verb Agreement, 624, R40; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 c. Identify nominative, objective, and possessive pronouns correctly. SE/TE: Pronouns, 104, 122, 151; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 d. Make pronouns agree with their antecedents. SE/TE: Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement, 151; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 e. Correctly form and use the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. SE/TE: Adjectives, 384, 400, 426, 602, 625; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 29
f. Use correct pronoun references. SE/TE: Pronouns, 104, 122, 151; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 g. Identify direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives. SE/TE: Direct Objects and Indirect Objects, 586, 625; Predicate Adjectives and Nouns, 602, 625; Prepositions, 680; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 h. Use prepositional phrases to elaborate written ideas. SE/TE: Prepositional Phrases, 680, 747; Prepositions, 680; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 i. Correctly use conjunctions. SE/TE: Conjunctions, 472, 493; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 30
j. Distinguish commonly confused words (e.g., there, their, they're; two, to, too; accept, except; affect, effect). SE/TE: Spelling, 144, 330, 486, 618, 740, 914; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Glossary of Common Usage, R42-R43 k. Form regular and irregular plurals correctly. SE/TE: Plural nouns, 60; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 2. Mechanics and Spelling - Demonstrate appropriate language mechanics in writing. a. Apply the capitalization rules appropriately in writing. SE/TE: Proper Nouns, 40; Grammar Handbook: Capitalization, R43, R46 b. Punctuate correctly in writing SE/TE: Punctuation, 858, 884, 921; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 End punctuation SE/TE: Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 31
Commas to separate words in a series, city and state, quotation, and sentence and to set off nonrestrictive phrases. SE/TE: Commas, 858; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 Quotation marks SE/TE: Quotations and Quotation Marks, 921; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 Apostrophes in contractions and possessives SE/TE: Possessive Nouns, 84; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 Conventions of letter writing SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Letter, 696 700; Activities: Letter, 393, 383, 399, 527, 537, 647, 681; Writing Friendly Letters, R22; Formatting Business Letters, R23 c. Distinguish correct spelling of commonly misspelled words and homonyms. SE/TE: Spelling, 144, 330, 486, 618, 740, 914; Glossary of Common Usage, R41 R42; ; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 32
3. Sentence Structure - Demonstrate appropriate sentence structure in writing. a. Correct sentence run-ons and fragments. SE/TE: Sentence Fragments, 838; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 b. Correct dangling and misplaced modifiers. SE/TE: Modifiers, 426; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 c. Differentiate between dependent and independent clauses. SE/TE: Clauses, 790, 808; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925; Grammar Handbook, R31 R47 d. Write simple and compound sentences. SE/TE: Sentences, 538, 556, 568, 625, 698, 747, 808; Revising: Sentences, 83, 492, 493, 625, 698, 746, 747; Editing and Proofreading, 86, 153, 250, 339, 428, 495, 570, 627, 700, 749, 840, 925 33
Oral Language/Listening and Speaking: The student will demonstrate thinking skills in listening and speaking. Deliver focused, coherent presentations that convey ideas and relate to the background and interests of the audience. Evaluate the content of oral communication. Deliver well-organized formal presentations using traditional speech strategies, including narration, exposition, persuasion, and description. Use the same Standard English conventions for oral speech that are used in writing. *Standard 1: Listening - The student will listen for information and for pleasure. 1. Identify the major ideas and supporting evidence in informative and persuasive messages. 2. Determine the purpose for listening (i.e., gaining information, solving problems; or for enjoying, appreciating, recalling, interpreting, applying, analyzing, evaluating, receiving directions, or learning concepts). 3. Recognize and understand barriers to effective listening (i.e., internal and external distractions, personal biases, and conflicting demands). SE/TE: Persuasive Speeches, 402 404; Editorials, 860 862; Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Persuasive Writing, 349, 362 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM SE/TE: Communications Workshop, 154, 340, 496, 628, 750, 926; Listening and Speaking, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 459, 471, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM SE/TE: Following Oral Directions, 154; Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Identifying Tone, Mood, and Emotion, 750 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM 34
4. Evaluate the spoken message in terms of content, credibility, and delivery. SE/TE: Communications Workshop, 154, 340, 496, 628, 750, 926; Listening and Speaking, 29, 39, 49, 59, 95, 103, 113, 121, 189, 201, 215, 223, 267, 277, 293, 305, 328, 363, 377, 383, 393, 399, 439, 447, 459, 471, 527, 537, 555, 579, 585, 595, 601, 679, 735, 783, 789, 799, 807, 851, 857, 877, 883 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM *Standard 2. Speaking - The student will express ideas and opinions in group or individual situations. 1. Analyze purpose, audience, and occasion and consider this information in planning an effective presentation or response. 2. Compose a presentation with a well-organized introduction, body, and conclusion that is appropriate for different purposes, audiences, and occasions. 3. Communicate using appropriate delivery (volume, rate, enunciation, and movement). SE/TE: Oral Report, 783, 789, 799, 807; Oral Response, 579, 585, 877, 883, 926; Presentation, 377, 383; Speech, 29, 39, 95, 103, 293, 305, 628, 679 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM SE/TE: Oral Report, 783, 789, 799, 807; Oral Response, 579, 585, 877, 883; Presentation, 377, 383; Speech, 29, 39, 95, 103, 293, 305, 628, 679; Delivering Oral Response to Literature, 926 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM SE/TE: Oral Report, 783, 789, 799, 807; Oral Response, 579, 585, 877, 883; Presentation, 377, 383; Speech, 29, 39, 95, 103, 293, 305, 628, 679; Delivering Oral Response to Literature, 926; Dramatic Reading, 189, 201, 439, 447, 595, 601, 851, 857; Monologue, 113, 121, 215, 223 35
Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM Visual Literacy: The student will interpret, evaluate, and compose visual messages. *Standard 1. Interpret Meaning - The student will interpret and evaluate the various ways visual image-makers, including graphic artists, illustrators, and news photographers, represent meaning. 1. Interpret a variety of messages conveyed by visual images (e.g., main concept, details, themes, lessons, or viewpoints). SE/TE: Persuasive Speeches, 402 404; Editorials, 860 862; Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Persuasive Writing, 349, 362; Critical Viewing: Analyze, 24, 27, 52, 55, 56, 68, 92, 97, 108, 117, 167, 180, 232, 240, 269, 316, 368, 381, 395, 397, 461, 481, 525, 531, 639, 643, 659, 683, 711, 716, 785, 801, 825, 828, 895, 901; Interpret, 2, 170, 298, 352, 419, 641, 644, 760; Atlas, 124 126; Instruction Manuals, 540 542; Magazine Articles, 450 452; Textbooks, 226 228; Web Sites, 62 67 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM 2. Identify film and television features that characterize different style of dress and genres (e.g., setting in a western or a drama). SE/TE: Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Identifying Tone, Mood, and Emotion, 750; News Report, 29, 39. See also: Drama, 641, 654, 706, 752 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM *Standard 2. Evaluate Media - The student will evaluate visual and electronic media, such as film, as compared with print messages. 1. Identify the different ways in which people are stereotyped in visual media and consider alternative representations (e.g., clever people wear glasses, super heroes wear capes, scientists wear white coats). SE/TE: Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Identifying Tone, Mood, and Emotion, 750; News Report, 29, 39. See also: Drama, 641, 654, 706, 752 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM 36
2. Identify basic elements of advertising in visual media (e.g., sales approaches and techniques aimed at children). 3. Evaluate how different media forms influence and inform viewers. 4. Assess how language, medium, and presentation contribute to the message. *Standard 3: Compose Visual Messages - The student will create a visual message that effectively communicates an idea and produces communication using technology or appropriate media, such as developing a class newspaper, multimedia reports, or video reports. SE/TE: Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Brochure, 29, 39; Poster, 95, 103 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM SE/TE: Persuasive Speeches, 402 404; Editorials, 860 862; Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Persuasive Writing, 349, 362; News Report, 29, 39 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM SE/TE: Evaluating Persuasive Message, 340; Identifying Tone, Mood, and Emotion, 750; News Report, 29, 39; Persuasive Speeches, 402 404; Editorials, 860 862 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM SE/TE: Multimedia Report, 549, 555, 836 840; Web Site, 62-65; News Report, 29, 39; Brochure, 29, 39; Chart, 189, 201, 215, 223; Poster, 95, 103; Visual Timeline, 393, 399 Express CD-ROM; Teacher Express CD-ROM 37