Background Statement for SEMI Draft Document 4571C New Standard: Tone and Color Reproduction Regulation For PDP Panel

Background Statement for SEMI Draft Document 457C New Standard: Tone and Color Reproduction Regulation For PDP Panel Note: This background statement is not part of the balloted item. It is provided solel to assist the recipient in reaching an informed decision based on the rationale of the activit that preceded the creation of this document. Note: Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of an relevant patented technolog or coprighted items of which the are aware and to provide supporting documentation. In this contet, patented technolog is defined as technolog for which a patent has issued or has been applied for. In the latter case, onl publicl available information on the contents of the patent application is to be provided. Background Different tpes of flat panel displas (e.g., LCD, PDP, and OLED have different features and characteristics depending on their nature. For eample, the maimum luminance of PDP varies according to the average picture level (APL b its limitation of power consumption characteristics. The APL characteristics are not alwas disadvantages but sometimes advantages from a view point of ee fatigue while watching TV. So, PDP module and PDP TV need a reasonable standard for displa characteristics. In order to determine a reasonable standard, we can consider a fied window measurement, for eample /6 of the displa (/4 of the displa both horizontall and verticall to test gamma. For most scenes the average brightness does not change suddenl, the variation of APL during watching TV has almost no influence on the picture qualit. This document is necessar to set an industr standard on PDP tone and color reproduction (gamma and color gamut accurac for estimation of basic picture qualit for PDPs. This document was initiall issued as ballot 457 in Ccle 4 of 008 to the FPD Color Filters and Optical Elements Committee, and subsequentl failed technical committee review for being out of the scope of the FPD Color Filters and Optical Elements Committee. 457A in Ccle 7 of 008 to the FPD Metrolog Committee failed technical committee review for language readabilit problem again, 457B with English reviewing was submitted on ccle 4 of 009 to the FPD Metrolog Committee. It was failed committee adjudication since the writer decided to reflect some technolog related comments. With updated contents, 457C is submitted on Ccle of 00 Ballot Voting Information SEMI Standards Regulations requires a 60% return rate from the total number of registered voting members. There are three valid was to vote on this letter (ellow ballot: Accept Vote (Including Accept with Comments If ou are in agreement that this document should be approved, vote accept. If ou are in agreement that this document should be approved, but have suggestions for editorial clarification or wish to offer related items for future consideration (new business, please vote accept and include our suggestions at the bottom of the voting sheet. Reject Vote If ou are not in agreement that this document should be approved, vote reject. A reject vote must be accompanied b a written eplanation of our objections to the document. Abstaining Vote If ou are not sufficientl familiar with the topic area or have insufficient interest to provide a technical opinion on this document, vote abstain. If ou wish to provide editorial clarification on some point or make a general observation on this document, ou ma include a comment with an abstention. The results of this ballot will be discussed at the net Korea FPD-Metrolog Committee Meeting (June, 00. Please note that the voting deadline for document #457C and other Ccle ballots is Wednesda, Februar 7, 00. Therefore, we kindl request that ou submit our votes in a timel manner for this to move on to the net stage of review.

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 SEMI Draft Document 457C NEW STANDARD: MEASUREMENTS FOR PDP TONE AND COLOR REPRODUCTION Purpose. This measurement standard describes the measurement methods of principal characteristics on PDP (Plasma Displa Panel or PDP-TV, which ma be related to TV standard reproduction characteristics of fidelit to original video.. This standard can be used to define methodologies used for measurement of PDP s native features based on APL. Scope. This standard is applicable to standard displa qualit evaluations of PDP modules or PDP TVs.. The standard includes practical methodologies of tone and color reproduction measurements during still image conditions. It does not address optical performance like contrast or brightness.. Tone and color of displa device are elementar features of a standard displa device. For standardization of PDP, high accurac and fidelit to these standard features are necessar. LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT.4 This standard is onl for usual PDP and general purpose for methodolog. Hence special languages for special features or phenomena are not included. NOTICE: This standard does not support to address safet issues, if an, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit of the users of this standard to establish appropriate safet and health practices and determine the applicabilit of regulator or other limitations prior to use. Referenced Standards and Documents. CIE Standards CIE 9 Color space CIE 976 Uniform color space. Other Documents VESA FPDM(Flat Panel Displa Measurements Version.0, June. 00 ITU-R BT.709-5, Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and international program echange, 00 SMPTE 0M-00, Color Reference Pattern, August. 00 R.W. G. Hunt, Measuring Color, nd ed. Chichester, U.K.: Ellis Horwood, 987. NOTICE: Unless otherwise indicated, all documents cited shall be the latest published versions. 4 Terminolog 4. The definitions of general terms follow VESA FPDM and its following version. CIE International Commission on Illumination, Kegelgasse 7, A-00 Vienna, Austria reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 4. Optical Terminolog 4.. tone the gradation of output brightness b a displa input variation. This usuall means the gradation of gra, but color tone also includes the gradation of color. 4.. color the perceptual concept from hue and saturation of video signals including chrominance components. Generall the term color might be defined to include black, white and gra colors that have no chrominance component, but here color is defined as output with some chrominance components. 4. Measurement Terminolog 4.. Average picture level (APL usuall indicates the post-gamma APL because APL is usuall used for panel load processing. The post-gamma APL means the average of the total R, G and B data after gamma de-correction, not input signal values (gamma corrected. The unit of APL is usuall %. 4... There are two kinds of APL, pre-gamma APL (Tpe APL for gamma corrected input signal and postgamma APL (Tpe APL for gamma de-corrected panel displa signal. 4... The average of input signals is different from APL that it is greater than APL because the input signals are gamma corrected. And the gamma de-corrected value of the input signal average is smaller or equal than APL, where the equal case is onl when all input data are equal or 0/00 IRE data. 4.. Correlated color temperature (CCT a term used to describe the color of a light source whose chromaticit lies close to the Planckian (black bod locus on a CIE 960 chromaticit chart. Speciall, it is the temperature of a black bod radiator which produces the chromaticit most similar to that of the light source evaluated. It is usuall epressed in degree Kelvin. CCT is used to adjust white balance. LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 4.. Gamma the numerical value of the eponent to which a video component R, G, or B is raised, b a power function of the form (V γ, to obtain a linear-light (luminance or tri-stimulus value. Especiall, it is called decoding gamma (γ D, and its reciprocal is called encoding gamma (γ E. Usuall, γ D.. 4..4 Primar Color one of a set of colors that can be combined to produce an desired set of intermediate colors, within a limitation called the gamut. The primar colors for color television are red, green, and blue. The eact red, green, blue colors used are dependent on the television standard. Displa devices do not usuall use the same primar colors, resulting in minor color changes form ideal. 4..5 White Balance adjustment or accurac of color coordinates at a white input level, usuall equal to or greater than 70% APL of full screen. 4..6 Gra Balance adjustment or accurac of color coordinates at all input ranges, usuall from 5 IRE to 00 IRE input. It can be eplained b all range white balance meaning. 4..7 Luminance Uniformit In VESA FPDM, it can be calculated b Minimum luminance divided b Maimum luminance among the defined screen positions and presented b %. For the measurement positions of a screen, refer to VESA FPDM. 5 Tone Measurement 5. For tone measurement, all picture qualit enhancement functions must be bpassed to preserve the native picture qualities (luminance curve, APL, etc.. Each test pattern in this standard ma occup some percentage of area at over-scan screen mode, but it is not concerned whether it is at just-scan or over-scan mode, but to match the results in PDP module and TV set, the just-scan mode is recommended. The illumination is the condition of a dark room under lu. 5. Constant APL Gamma reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 5.. Gra-bar Window Gamma 5... Since PDP luminance for inputs varies b APL, the gamma can be measured at 0% ~ 90% APL separatel with steps gra-bar pattern varing each input data step b 0%. 5... When it is measured on a screen, the background level is changed in order according to the APL while maintaining gra-bar pattern at the screen center. Outer data Inner data arra X 0 X 0 (for varing APL < eample of area ratio > Each bar of gra pattern: 0.97 % The whole gra-bar pattern: 0.7%(0.97 Background : 89.% Gra-bar Background 00% LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT Figure General Pattern of Gra-bar Window Gamma 5... The APL of the pattern in Figure can be calculated b gamma de-correction in 8 bit. In case of conventional. gamma (shortl. gamma, APL(% 0.7 (0.64. 89. (/55. ( 5...4 Here, 6.4% means the APL of step gra-bar data. Outer background data can be gotten as following equation. 55 ( ( APL0.7 (0.64. / 89. /. ( 5...5 For ITU-R BT. 709 (shortl BT. 709 gamma, the APL and value can also be calculated b a similar method. But it is substitute b. gamma equation because APL is just approimate test case. 5...6 Figure shows an eample of a gamma measurement graph in 9 kinds of APL. reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 5.. Single Window Gamma Luminance (cd/m 00 80 60 40 0 00 80 60 40 0 0 0 IRE 0 APL 0 APL 0 APL 40 APL 50 APL 60 APL 70 APL 80 APL 90 APL 0 IRE 0 IRE 0 IRE Gamma 40 IRE 50 IRE Pattern IRE 60 IRE 70 IRE 80 IRE 90 IRE 00 IRE Figure An eample of Input-Luminance Curve b APLs 5... Single window gamma measures white luminance according to APL change of Plasma module in a fied window. In order to fi the APL, luminance of outer area would be changed down from high to low IRE while a center bo is measured from 0 to 00 IRE which means 0 to 55 gra levels. LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 5... The size of the bo is /5 horizontal and vertical piel numbers of source video, using approimatel 4% of the total screen area in a displa. /5H 4% screen area /5V Outer data (keeping for an APL Inner data X (Measured Figure General Pattern of Single Window Gamma 5... The APL of the pattern in Figure can be calculated b gamma de-correction in 8 bit. In case of conventional. gamma, APL(% 4 (X/55. 96 (/55. ( 5...4 Outer background data can be obtained using the following equation. 55 ( ( APL4 ( X / 55. / 96 /. (4 5.. RGB Gamma 5... The luminance gamma measurement that is introduced above can be also used for RGB gamma measurement. The eplanation is abbreviated because it is a similar method ecept for APL calculation. The inner window s APL with one color among R, G or B would be one third of Gra pattern. 5. Constant-luminance APL Gamma reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 4 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 5.. Generall as PDP s characteristics depending on the APL, the luminance curve ma be approimatel characterized b an eponential curve as shown in the following equation and figure. b L ref [ cd / m ] c APL a Where: a, b, c: integer constants to get higher accurac for a PDP module. Tpicall, a is below 50 (about 0, b is above 5000, c is below 50. APL: average picture level in percentage, generall above 6% Ma. Lumi. % 5% 00% APL(% Figure 4 An APL-Luminance Curve Modeling for PDP and CRT (5 LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 5... Sometimes this approimation ma be not suitable at low APL generall under 6% APL similar to CRT, because of the PDP s optical performance limitation due to the lack of the sustain pulse timing etc. Sometimes, as suggested b the dotted line in the figure 4, a flat region can be included at low APL for maintaining constant luminance. 5... When a PDP has the APL range with constant luminance up to over 4% APL, it can be measured without varing background level to maintain an APL. 5... This measurement is made on the center screen while a bo of varing gra level is displaed. The bo of a center is fied up with a bo of 0 to 00 IRE. 5...4 The size of the bo is /5 ~ / horizontal and vertical screen size of the displa, using 4% ~ 5% of the total screen area. 5...5 The larger window means that the displa has a constant luminance curve from 0 to the higher APL as large as the window size. 5...6 In the previous APL luminance equation, to evaluate and compare the shape regulation of the APL luminance curve with CRT in 6% ~ 00% APL range, APL luminance regulation accurac can be defined as following equation and eamples. L _ Re gaccu. [%] 00 LAPL Lref (6 7 Where: L APL : Maimum Luminance (cd/m at each APLs (6, 5, 6, 49, 64, 8, 00 APL reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 5 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 50.00 00.00 50.00 00.00 50.00 00.00 50.00 0.00 4.00 9.00 6.00 5.00 6.00 49.00 64.00 8.00 00.00 Figure 5 Eamples of Maimum Luminance curve b APLs PDP A Ref. for PDP A PDP B Ref. for PDP B 5...7 In these eamples, for PDP A, equation (7 is adapted to get the regulation accurac 9.5% 5...8 For PDP B, equation (8 is used to get the regulation accurac 96.4%. 5000 L ma [ cd / m ] (7 APL 5 7000 L ma [ cd / m ] 0 (8 APL 4 LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 5.. Luminance Gamma 5... Luminance gamma measures the gra scale change in gra patterns on 4% ~ 5% bo which changes from white to black with linear same steps. A level of outer area is fied up at 0 IRE and its APL is not constant. Usuall this measurement is meaning at flat luminance range like the dotted line of above figure. 5... All gra patterns are presented sequentiall from 0 to 00 IRE in steps of 5% ~ 0%. /5H /H /5V /V 0 IRE /5H ~ /H 4 ~ 5% window 0~00 IRE /5V ~ /V Figure 6 Window Pattern of Gamma Measurement reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 6 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 5.. RGB Gamma Luminance (cd/m Luminance Comparison vs. Gra Scale 0.00 00.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 40 60 80 00 Figure 7 A sample Result of Gamma Measurement 5... RGB gamma measures the luminance scale of the primar colors (R, G, B using ~ color levels at 0% or 5% step. As the luminance gamma, 4% ~ 5% area window changes from black to highest level of the colors, and calculate a gamma value for each color. 4~5% window Red LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 0 IRE 4~5% Window Green 0 IRE 0 IRE 4~5% window Blue Figure 8 Window Pattern of RGB Gamma Measurement 5.4 Gamma Value Calculation 5.4. The following table is the data of standard gamma for about 5% step inputs. 5.4. In ITU-R BT.709, under 8.% of input data is not used because it is linear slope region. So, gamma calculation for ITU-R BT.709 is done so that the luminance of 8.% input can be treated as an offset. Table Gamma. Luminance and Gamma Plot % Full Scale Input Values, I 8 bit Input (0 55 #, I k ITU-R BT. 709 % Full Scale Displa Luminance (Conventional. Gamma % Full Scale 0 0 0.000 0.000 reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 7 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 5 (no use. 0.4 0 6.9 0.658 5 8.659.58 0 5 5.54.899 5 64 7.864 4.778 0 77 0.69 7.76 5 90.88 0.5 40 0 7.98. 45 5.47 7.44 50 7 5.770.576 55 40 0.97 6.76 60 5 6.584.504 65 65 4.8 8.77 % Full Scale Input Values, I 8 bit Input (0 55 #, I k ITU-R BT. 709 % Full Scale Displa Luminance (Conventional. Gamma % Full Scale LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 70 78 48.97 45.46 75 9 56.08 5.95 80 04 6.994 6.07 85 7 7.9 70.7 90 9 80.544 78.9 95 4 89.98 89.6 00 55 00.000 00.000 # Different values when 6 5 range 5.4. To calculate the gamma, generall the log 0 vs. log 0 plot from the measured luminance data and the % full scale (-ais is constructed. The -ais is log 0 (L-L 0 where L 0 is the luminance at start point of the eponential gamma curve as 0 IRE in. gamma and the X-ais is just log 0 of the % full scale applied signal. For eample, the logarithmic plot for a gamma curve of Figure 6 is shown in Figure 8. 5.4.4 In this figure, 6 slopes of the lines between 0 IRE (or 8. IRE for BT.709 and 0 IRE ~ 95 IRE are calculated, then the average of the slopes becomes the displa gamma. reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 8 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 Log (Net Luminance.50.00.50.00 0.50 GAMMA Plot 0.00.5.45.65.85 Figure 9 Gamma. Luminance and Gamma Plot 5.4.5 In case of the Constant luminance APL gamma, the gamma is calculated with normalized value b the maimum luminance of the gamma curve. log L γ (9 D n norm, k n k log Inorm, k n: 9 8 (0% 5% input step from 0 IRE to 95 IRE for. gamma or ITU-R BT.709 gamma L norm,k : Normalized value of the luminance measured at each level, (L measured L 0 / (L ma L o for. gamma (L measured L 8.% / (L ma L 8.% for BT.709 gamma I norm,k : Normalized value of input digital value at each level over 8.% ( of 55 I k / 55 for. gamma (I k / 4 for BT.709 5.4.6 Actuall, ITU-R BT. 709 gamma equation has offset 0.099 and scaling factor.099, but these are negated b over 8.% input condition and normalization effect respectivel. LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 5.4.7 In case of the Constant APL gamma, the gamma is averaged with normalized graph b ma luminance of each gamma curves of 0% ~ 90% APL. γ D γ, γ... γ D D, D, m (0 m m: generall 9 from 0%, 0%,., 90% APL 5.5 Gamma Accurac 5.5. Although the gamma is calculated near to., we still don t know the deviation of the gamma values at each level. So, a method to estimate the accurac of gamma is necessar. Gamma accurac (% for gamma and RGB gamma is defined as follows. 5.5. For the conventional. gamma and ITU-R BT. 709 gamma, γ S γ S γ D γ accu. 00 ( γ S Where: γ S. for conventional. gamma, reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 9 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 γ S /0.45 for BT. 709 gamma 6 Color Measurement 6. Primar and Secondar Color 6.. This method measures the luminance and chromaticit coordinates of primar Red, Green, Blue of 00 IRE at the center of the full screen or in a window bo measuring 4% ~ 5% of the full screen. Additionall, it ma be useful to measure the secondar colors (Can, Magenta and ellow b the same method. 00 IRE Red 00 IRE Green LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 00 IRE Blue Figure 0 Full Screen Pattern for Primar Color Measurement 6. Color Gamut 6.. This measures the CIE chromaticit coordinates (, of R, G, B primaries, and computes in CIE 976 (u' v' color area that a displa represents. 6.. To do this, firstl, we can displa a full screen (or partial screen bo, depending on technolog of all the primar and secondar colors (Red, Green, Blue, Can, Magenta, and ellow and measure the luminance and, chromaticit coordinates at the center of the screen. The standard coordinates of these colors are generall available from ITU-R BT.709. Table ITU-R BT. 709 Color Standard ITU-R BT. 709 Color Standard Color Coordinates Red 0.640 0.0 Green 0.00 0.600 Blue 0.50 0.060 Can 0.5 0.9 Magenta 0. 0.54 ellow 0.49 0.505 reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 0 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 6.. To give the CIE 976 (u', v' coordinates for each for the measured (, values, transform each of the (, pairs using the following equations: u' 4/( - ( v' 9/( - ( Green: BT. 709 gamut Red: Measured gamut Figure General Pattern of Gamut Measurement LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 6. Color Gamut Accurac 6.. The measured color data are compared to the ITU-R BT. 709 values in order to check for deviation of Δ u v. The color data for R, G, B need to be in compliance with the specification which is ITU-R BT. 709 Standard Color. C, M, are for additional references. 6.. Using R, G, B primar coordinates on displa, the deviation from standard color coordinates like ITU-R BT.709 can be calculated, and is represented b the Primar Color Accurac (%. R G B accu. accu. accu. 00 mδu' v' 00 mδu' v' 00 mδu' v' Primar Color R G B R Accurac(% accu. G where mδ u v : mili-δ u v Δ u v R, Δ u v G, Δ u v B,: -dimensional Euclidean distance between the standard primar color coordinate and R, G and B measured data of displa. ( u' u' ( v' v' accu. B accu. (4 Δ u' v' (5 R R D R D 6.. For eample, red color accurac 95% means mδu v R 5, that is, Δu v R 0.005. This is implicitl based on the assumption that Δu v 0. between two colors means two completel different colors with 0% accurac. As well as color accurac for a target color, generall Δu v can be used to estimate the color similarit between two colors. reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 6..4 Color gamut area is used to evaluate the color range of the displa. Generall, it can be calculated with u v coordinate sstem or if necessar. Color gamut related ratio can be defined as follows. 7 White Balance Measurement Displa gamut area Color Reproduction Ratio (% 00 Standard gamut area Overlap area Standard Reproduction Ratio (% 00 Standard gamut area Standard Reproducti on ratio Standard Fidelit (% 00 Color Reproducti on ratio (6 (7 (8 Overlap area 00 (9 Displa gamut area 7. The CCT and Δuv of PDP var according to APL and input level as in the following figures. So, the White Balance of PDP needs to be measured for all APL and all input levels. Further, it can be considered as Gra Balance concept rather than White Balance. C C T 000 0000 9000 8000 7000 6000 0 4 6 4 86 0 7 849 6 08 0 CCT 44 56 6 8 809 046 840 5 Input T_4% T_0% T_0% T_0% T_40% T_50% T_60% T_70% T_80% T_90% T_96% LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT Δuv Δuv 0.0 0.06 0.0 0.008 0.004 0-0.004-0.008-0.0-0.06-0.0 0 4 8 4 56 70 84 98 6 40 54 68 8 96 0 4 8 5 Input duv_4% duv_0% duv_0% duv_0% duv_40% duv_50% duv_60% duv_70% duv_80% duv_90% duv_96% Figure Eample of CCT and Δuv according to APL and Input Level (Bare PDP Module reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 7.. Δuv means the perpendicular deviation from Planckian (black bod locus with plus or minus sign based on a CIE 960 uv chromaticit space, It is different from Euclidean distance Δu v for color difference at CIE 976 u v space. 7.. From the front eample, the curves have some fluctuation because the are from bare PDP module before adjusting on TV board. CCT goes up and Δuv goes down while the level varies high in a APL. But, CCT goes down and Δuv goes up while the APL varies high in a level. As a result in this module, we can see that at 00% APL and 00 IRE (red circled points, the CCT and Δuv has approimatel middle value of all CCT and Δuv variation range. So it can be just representativel called the white CCT and white Δuv of the device. 7. Constant APL White Balance Accurac 7.. White balance is important to displa eact colors through all levels because it is the origin of primar colors. So it is effective to describe as concept of accurac for the standard white points as following table. In the table, B9 means 900K white point in block bod locus. Table Standards of White Points White CIE 976 CIE 9 Coor- CCT Δ uv dinate u v D65 0.978 0.468 0.7 0.90 6504 0.00 D9 0.884 0.446 0.8 0.97 900 0.00 900K (B9 0.97 0.445 0.85 0.9 900 0 LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 7.. For measuring the white balance accurac, all level input at all APLs are needed, so the Constant APL gamma pattern is used like Figure or. 7.. Besides D65, white accurac is calculated at an white points according to CCT with following equation. Where: m : 9 (0, 0,.., 90% APL n : 0 (0, 0,.., 00 IRE W accu. m n 00 mδu' v' j, k (0 mn j k reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 7. Constant-luminance APL White Balance Figure Eample of CCT According to APL and Input Level (PDP-TV 7.. For the white balance evaluation of an APL range, Δu v of chromaticit space and ΔE * based on relativel perceivable lightness viewpoint are measured. Δu v is convenient for managing the maimum deviation of white point. ΔE * implies the relative luminance deviation added to Δu v. 7.. These are eecuted like the pattern for the Constant-luminance APL gamma which is made on a center screen bo with 4% 5% of total screen area while a bo of varing gra level is displaed. The input of a center bo is varied from 0 IRE to 00 IRE. WB _ k Where: u k, v k : the window coordinate from 0 IRE to 00 IRE Δ E * from the VESA FPDM is, Where: Δ L * L * L *, Δ u * u * u *, Δ v * v * v *, u * * ' L ( u W u ' D and * * ' v L ( v W ( u' u' ( v' v' Δ u' v' ( W k W * * * * Δ E ( ΔL ( Δu ( Δv ( v ' D k LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 7.. Because we want to know onl the white balance deviation not luminance difference, when we assume the maimum luminance up to 4% 5% APL is approimatel same (The gamma is constant up to 4% 5% APL, Δ L * 0. And, we can choose the 00 IRE white of the window as a relative base coordinate, u * L (u W - u W 0, similarl v * 0. Then, at the input n of the window, ΔE * WB _ k ( u L * k * k ( u ( v * k ' ' W- uk ( v ' W -v ' k ( Where: * L k 6( k ref ' 6 for k ref 0.008856 Here, ref can be obtained at 00 IRE of the window and k means the window luminance from 0 IRE to 00 IRE. 7..4 The following figure is an eample of variable-apl white balance from 0 IRE to 00 IRE b 5% steps (de ΔE *. 7..5 The CCT of the right ais is just for reference to compare with D65 because Δu v include CCT and Δuv information together. 7.4 Full-screen CCT and Δuv reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 4 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 7.4. Generall, full-screen CCT and Δuv have representative values of above all gra points CCT and Δuv including all APLs and input levels. In above Figure, 0 00% APL Full-screen data (for varing APL Figure 4 Pattern for The Full-screen CCT and Δ uv APL(% 00 (/55. (4 55 (APL / 00 /. (5 0 CCT (6 APL CCT j 0 j LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 0 Δuv Δ (7 APL uv j 0 j Where: j: inde for 0, 0,.., 00% APL 8 Color Reference Pattern 8. Geometr and APL of Reference Pattern 8.. The net figure is for color reference pattern from SMPTE standard. It is presented that the vertical size is 00%, so the horizontal size is 60% in 6:9 pattern which is smmetrical in up-down and left-right. 4. 7.5% (5% for 4: % % 8% 8% 4 9.5% reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 5 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 Figure 5 Color Reference Pattern Geometr (SMPTE 0M-00 8.. The color area of the pattern is 0.7776/.78 4.7%, so the black background is 56.% without over-scan. 8.. The net table is about the color coordinates and 8bit RGB (0~55 value before gamma correction. 8..4 From the color average the APL of the pattern is as following. 84.8 66. 57.6 APL 6 :9_ 4.7.9% (8 ref 55 8..5 For 4: pattern, it is same as 6:9 color pattern ecept side black panel that is 5% instead of 7.5%. The color area is 0.7776/. 58.5% without over-scan. 8. Data of Reference Pattern 84.8 66. 57.6 APL 4 :_ 58.5 5.9% (9 ref 55 8.. For getting input data and target color coordinates of the reference pattern, we should know the tri-stimulate value to RGB conversion matri for the white color temperature. The following table is XZ RGB Matri for D65 & 900K black bod white coordinates based on ITU-R BT.709. About D65, it is referred to SMPTE 0M-00. LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT Table 4 XZ RGB Matrices D65 900K (B9 X Z X Z R.4097 -.578-0.4986.6 -.740-0.5559 G -0.9694.87597 0.0456-0.9760.889 0.048 B 0.0556-0.098.05697 0.0405-0.486 0.770 8.. Following tables are about color coordinates and RGB video data before gamma correction for D65 and 900K respectivel. Table 5 Color Reference Pattern based on D65 and ITU-R BT. 709 primaries Color no.(k u v R G B 0.5 0.4999 45 0 0.47 0.490 4 79 57 0.75 0.4 9 5 86 4 0.797 0.595 4 8 5 0.959 0.460 60 58 6 0.55 0.4770 4 0 reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 6 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 7 0.95 0.54 79 5 6 8 0.780 0.50 7 7 96 9 0.79 0.48 4 0 0.06 0.897 7 7 0.840 0.5445 89 8 0.57 0.5404 0 9 7 0.75 0.90 7 79 4 0.46 0.549 5 78 5 5 0.787 0.499 4 7 6 0.89 0.548 7 48 7 0.875 0.47 9 76 8 0.4 0.448 0 6 98 9 0.985 0.470 9 7 5 0 0.98 0.4699 5 50 47 0.978 0.4695 9 9 89 0.977 0.469 49 49 49 0.976 0.469 4 0.995 0.4679 8 7 8 Ave. 0.65 0.4666 84.8 66. 57.6 LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT Table 6 Color Reference Pattern based on 900K and ITU-R BT. 709 primaries Color no.(k u v R G B 0.405 0.48 45 0 0.4 0.475 4 80 57 0.7 0.896 9 50 85 4 0.78 0.506 8 5 0.90 0.87 60 57 6 0.50 0.456 8 4 00 7 0.86 0.58 8 5 8 8 0.77 0.6 8 6 94 9 0.07 0.469 44 0 0.7 0.49 8 0 8 0.770 0.588 86 4 0.487 0.550 05 94 0 0.767 0.604 8 76 4 0.4 0.55 80 6 5 0.60 0.4855 4 8 6 0.00 0.5450 7 5 7 reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 7 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 7 0.709 0.89 77 8 0.5 0.885 0 65 94 9 0.94 0.4454 5 7 0 0.98 0.444 49 49 48 0.96 0.447 9 9 9 0.96 0.446 5 5 5 0.907 0.44 4 4 4 0.90 0.49 8 9 9 Ave. 0.09 0.4448 84. 66.7 58.5 8.. The net tables are about the gamma corrected video input value for 8bit R, G and B (0 55. 8..4 From this table, the pre-gamma APL is.6% for. gamma and 9.6% for BT. 709 gamma. Mathematicall, the average of eponential γ D of positive values is greater than or equal to the eponential γ D of average of the values when γ D >. In common video APL with general data distribution, it is roughl times. APL ( 00 where APL pre : pre-gamma APL (% APL post : post-gamma APL (% the equal : in the case of single data or 0/00 IRE all around full screen n : number of piel in the screen γ E piel k : 8 bit piel value, ( original k / 55 55 pre n γ APLpost D γ D ( pielk / 55 (0 00 n k LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT Table 7 Color Reference Pattern Input for D65 and ITU-R BT. 709 Primaries Col.. Gamma corrected ITU-R BT.709 Gamma corrected no. (k R G B R G B 6 80 66 0 64 48 96 49 9 9 40 7 95 55 80 0 46 4 87 07 65 7 94 47 5 0 76 8 69 6 0 89 69 88 8 6 7 7 46 4 0 6 8 76 9 64 59 77 55 9 96 86 98 90 70 8 0 9 6 07 78 44 9 58 86 64 49 80 46 9 6 49 7 5 9 49 64 50 0 46 40 4 7 49 7 54 9 54 5 77 5 60 70 4 reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 8 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 6 7 99 6 94 7 87 85 47 8 69 7 8 0 6 65 0 5 57 9 4 4 6 4 4 4 0 0 00 98 96 96 9 59 59 58 5 5 49 0 08 09 08 8 8 8 67 67 66 4 5 5 5 Ave. 6.49 6.0 4.9 6.54 4.0 0.98 Table 8 Color Reference Pattern Input for 900K and ITU-R BT. 709 Primaries Col.. Gamma corrected ITU-R BT.709 Gamma corrected no. (k R G B R G B 6 80 67 04 64 49 95 5 9 90 4 7 95 55 80 09 45 4 86 08 66 70 94 48 5 9 75 7 68 6 94 90 67 79 85 59 7 9 5 6 4 8 77 90 6 60 74 5 9 97 86 99 9 70 84 0 94 59 08 79 4 94 56 88 69 47 8 5 6 58 9 5 40 5 6 47 4 7 4 65 50 7 47 4 56 5 77 5 6 69 44 6 7 0 48 5 96 9 7 88 8 48 8 67 8 8 0 7 6 0 6 5 9 4 4 9 40 4 8 0 00 00 99 95 95 94 60 60 60 5 5 5 4 86 87 87 70 7 7 4 54 55 56 5 6 7 Ave. 6.7 6.57 7.06 6.4 4.7 04.8 LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 9 Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 Background for Maintaining APL Same size to the color square and changing color like Figure 6 Test Pattern for Bright Mono-Image Retention 8..5 For measuring convenience, as long as the screen maintains approimatel same APL of the color reference pattern, it can be done using above figure. 8..6 For the color reference pattern, the color pattern accurac can be calculated as following. C 00 mδu' ' ( Accu v c 4 CRF ( Accu C Accu _ k 4 k LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 9 Additive Mitures in the CIE Color Spaces 9. Color Mitures 9.. In three primar color displa devices, all colors can be produced b miing two or three primar colors of light, and the additive miture of these colors can be modeled. An arbitrar mied color C in the CIEXZ color space is given b the following matri notation X X X C ( C, 0 ( Z Z Z 9.. Or, in a vector notation, C ( C (4 C where C andc are the two colors to be mied, and C is the color gamut b the three primar colors. 9.. The miture of two colors is epressed b their conve combination according to the weights, and the result C belongs to gamutc. 9. Color Mitures in the CIE Chromaticit Space 9.. Generall, for man applications, it is natural to use the relative amounts of the tri-stimulus values rather than their absolute amounts. reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page 0 Doc. 457C SEMI

reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International 08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 9... The additive color miture of the CIEXZ tri-stimulus coordinates can be translated into the CIE chromaticit diagram as follows: ( ( ( ( Z X Z X X X Z X X ( ( X X ( ( (5 9... This equation can be convenientl rearranged and written as: ( ( (6a 9... Then, in the same manner, can also be epressed as following equation. ( ( Z X (6b 9...4 Equation (6 epresses the well-known center of gravit law of additive color mitures in the CIE chromaticit diagram. It is important to observe that, in (6, the chromaticit coordinates of the result of the miture of two colors not onl depend on their relative amounts, according to weights and (, but also on their intensities and. This means that the chromaticit coordinates of the resulting color lie on the line between the chromaticit coordinates of the two original colors at a location which is determined b both their miing weights and their intensities. 9...5 In the similar manner, the equation (6 for the miture of two colors can be etended to miture of three colors and written as: 4 (7a

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 (7b 4 where,,, is the rd color to be mied, and. ( 9.. Calculation of white and secondar colors for BT.709 color primaries 9... From the Color Miture Law mentioned above, an arbitrar mied color can be calculated from the each color to be mied. For eample, white point from the BT.709 color primaries can be easil calculated using the equation (7 as follows: 0.64 0. 0.5 0.. 0. 7.5 0. 7. 0. 0.6 0.06 white 0. (8a 0.. 0. 7.5 0. 7. 0. 0.6 0.06 0.. 0. 7.5 0. 7. white 0.9 (8b 0.. 0. 7.5 0. 7. 0. 0.6 0.06 LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 9... And, ellow, the secondar color of the BT.709 primaries, can be calculated as shown: 0.64 0. 0.. 0. 7.5 0. 0.6 ellow 0.49 (9a 0.. 0. 7.5 0. 0.6 0.. 0. 7.5 ellow 0.505 (9b 0.. 0. 7.5 0. 0.6 9... Following table and figure show the chromaticit coordinate of the white point and secondar colors derived from the equation (6 and (7. Table 9 White Point and Secondar Colors from the Additive Miing Law for ITU-R BT.709 primaries. u v (% White 0. 0.9 0.978 0.468 00.00 Can 0.5 0.9 0.85 0.4557 78.7 Magenta 0. 0.54 0.05 0.95 8.50 ellow 0.49 0.505 0.08 0.558 9.78 reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI

08 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 954-7 Phone:408.94.6900 Fa: 408.94.794 Document Number: 457C Date: 00-0-8 v' 0.6 0.5 0.4 0. 0. 0. 0.0 BT.709 Primar & Secondar Colors CIE u'v BT.709 standard Can Magenta ellow White(D65 0.0 0. 0. 0. 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 u' Figure 7 BT.709 Secondar colors derived from the color miture 9. Color Mitures in the CIE u v Chromaticit Space LETTER (ELLOW BALLOT 9.. The chromaticit space is not perceptuall uniform, i.e., equal Euclidean distances between points within it do not correspond to equal perceptual differences between the colors. More uniform chromaticit coordinates have been advanced such as the CIE u v chromaticit diagram. Additive color mitures in the CIE chromaticit space can be re-written in the CIE u v chromaticit space as follow below equations. u v u u ' ' ( ' ' ' v v ( ' ' v v (40a ( (40b ' ( ' ' v v NOTICE: SEMI makes no warranties or representations as to the suitabilit of the standards set forth herein for an particular application. The determination of the suitabilit of the standard is solel the responsibilit of the user. Users are cautioned to refer to manufacturer's instructions, product labels, product data sheets, and other relevant literature, respecting an materials or equipment mentioned herein. These standards are subject to change without notice. B publication of this standard, SEMI takes no position respecting the validit of an patent rights or coprights asserted in connection with an items mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are epressl advised that determination of an such patent rights or coprights, and the risk of infringement of such rights are entirel their own responsibilit. reproduce and/or distribute this document, in whole or in part, onl within the scope of SEMI International Standards committee (document development activit. All other Page Doc. 457C SEMI