High School Music Technology Objectives Strand: Goals: PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTION The student will demonstrate understanding of music through listening, analyzing, and creating music individually and in groups. MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.1 The student will participate in a variety of music experiences. HS.1.1 The student will develop skills in music composition individually and in groups. HS.1.2 The student will listen and respond to music. HS.2 The student will read and notate music. HS.2.1 The student will employ technology to notate and/or read music. HS.2.2 The student will use notation-based software to arrange and compose for various classical and non-classical groups. HS.2.3 The student will become familiar with different types of instruments and learn to arrange for them. ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.1 The student will participate in a variety of music experiences. HS.1.1 The student will develop skills in music composition individually and in groups. HS.1.2 The student will listen and respond to music. HS.2 The student will read and notate music. HS.2.1 The student will employ technology to notate and/or read music. HS.2.2 The student will use notation-based software to arrange and compose for various classical and non-classical groups. HS.2.3 The student will become familiar with different types of instruments and learn to arrange for them. 79
High School Music Technology Objectives Strand: Goals: CULTURAL CONTEXT AND MUSIC THEORY The student will demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the fundamental elements of music theory and structure. The student will understand the role of music in society. MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.3 The student will organize and express musical ideas and sounds. HS.3.1 The student will become familiar with various orchestration techniques. HS.4 The student will investigate characteristics of musical sounds. HS.4.1 The student will become familiar with the fundamental elements of music theory including; Intervals Triads Keys Key Signatures Rhythm Meter HS.5 The student will investigate the role of music in the human experience. HS.5.1The student will create music for live performances. HS.5.2 The student will learn about opportunities for music production in the music industry. HS.5.3 The student will be exposed to multiple career paths in the music industry and understand music as a business. HS.5.4 The student will learn how to self-publish and promote their own music. ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.3 The student will organize and express musical ideas and sounds. HS.3.1 The student will become familiar with various orchestration techniques. HS.3.2 The student will compose various styles of music. HS.3.3 The student will become familiar with the use of synthesizers and sequencing in the production of music. HS.3.4 The student will understand the theoretical elements of music. HS.4 The student will investigate characteristics of musical sounds. HS.4.1 The student will become familiar with the fundamental elements of music theory including; Intervals Triads Keys Key Signatures Rhythm Meter HS.4.2 The student will demonstrate a fundamental understanding of the physics of musical sound and how sound is created and manipulated synthetically. HS.4.3 The student will understand the set-up and usage of MIDI. HS.4.4 The student will become familiar with recording and mixdown techniques. 80
High School Music Technology Objectives MUSIC TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.4.5 The student will become familiar with the use of digital signal processing and audio effects. HS.5 The student will investigate the role of music in the human experience. HS.5.1The student will create music for live performances. HS.5.2 The student will learn about opportunities for music production in the music industry. HS.5.3 The student will be exposed to multiple career paths in the music industry and understand music as a business. HS.5.4 The student will learn how to self-publish and promote their own music. HS.5.5 The student will compose projects with real world applications. HS.5.6 The student will develop an understanding of current copyright and intellectual property trends, standards, and law. 81
High School Music Technology Objectives Strand: Goal: JUDGMENT AND CRITICISM The student will reflect upon and respond to the affective and intellectual qualities of music, while examining music from various cultural perspectives and artists. MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.6 The student will develop evaluative criteria to make aesthetic judgments. HS.6.1 The student will develop skills in evaluating music individually and in groups. HS.6.2 The student will defend individual judgments regarding the function of the elements of music. HS.6.3 The student will apply their knowledge, skills, and understanding of music to make informed artistic judgments about their own creative work, as well as the work of others in music composition. ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.6 The student will develop evaluative criteria to make aesthetic judgments. HS.6.1 The student will develop skills in evaluating music individually and in groups. HS.6.2 The student will defend individual judgments regarding the function of the elements of music. HS.6.3 The student will apply their knowledge, skills, and understanding of music to make informed artistic judgments about their own creative work, as well as the work of others in music composition. 82
High School Music Technology Objectives Strand: Goal: AESTHETICS The student will reflect upon and respond to the affective and intellectual qualities of music while examining music from various cultural perspectives and artists. MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.7 The student will explore music styles and genres through listening, writing, and discussing. HS.7.1 The student will reflect upon and respond to the affective and intellectual qualities of music while examining music from various cultural perspectives and artists. HS.8 The student will demonstrate appropriate performance behavior as a participant and/or listener. HS.8.1 The student will exhibit respect for the contribution of self and others within a musical setting. HS.9 The student will identify and compare relationships between music and other disciplines. HS.9.1 The student will compose music for various media. ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.7 The student will explore music styles and genres through listening, writing, and discussing. HS.7.1 The student will reflect upon and respond to the affective and intellectual qualities of music while examining music from various cultural perspectives and artists. HS.8 The student will demonstrate appropriate performance behavior as a participant and/or listener. HS.8.1 The student will exhibit respect for the contribution of self and others within a musical setting. HS.9 The student will identify and compare relationships between music and other disciplines. HS.9.1 The student will compose music for various media. 83
Secondary Music Literacy Concepts PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTION 1. Articulation Start and release of a note; In voice, clearly pronouncing consonants and vowels when singing. 2. Bowings Technique of using the bow 3. Breath Support Speed of air, use of diaphragmatic muscles to give carrying power to the voice/instrument 4. Chord Simultaneous sounding of three or more notes 5. Chord Progressions Placement of chords, their relationships and functions 6. Diction Clarity of pronunciation 7. Elements of Music: Tempo Speed of the piece; Rhythm Time value of notes; feeling of movement; Harmony Chordal structure of a musical composition; Dynamics Louds and softs of music; Timbre Tone color of instruments; Form Certain scheme, structure of a composition; and Melody A succession of musical tones, thematic pattern of fixed units. 8. Embellishments Ornamentation 9. Embouchure Position of Lips, mouth 10. Ensemble Group of musicians performing/playing together 11. Expression Emotional effect of music involves tempo, rhythm, dynamics, phrasing, articulations. 12. Improvise Performing spontaneously 13. Instruments The generic name for all contrivances producing musical sounds, with the exception of the voice. They are usually classified into four categories: strings, woodwind, brass, percussion. 14. Intonation Singing or playing in tune 15. Meter Pattern of fixed units indicated by a time signature 16. Pattern repeated melodic and or rhythmic set of notes, chords or harmonies 17. Performance A presentation before an audience 18. Phrase Division of musical line comparable to a sentence. 19. Posture A position or attitude of the body or of body parts. 20. Practice To perform repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill 21. Range The maximum extent 22. Rehearsal A session of practice for a performance 23. Repertoire The stock of songs, music, that a player, company, ensemble is prepared to perform. 24. Rudiment A fundamental element or skill 25. Scale Tonal pattern of music 26. Sight Read To read, conduct, or perform without prior preparation. 27. Technique The degree of skill shown in any performance 28. Tempo Speed of the music 29. Tuning Adjustment of proper pitch 30. Vibrato A slight fluctuation of pitch, produced on sustained notes 31. Voice Vocal Production 84
Secondary Music Literacy Concepts 32. Warm-Up Routine to prepare muscles, aural skills and brain for working CULTURAL CONTEXT AND MUSIC THEORY 1. Arrange Adapt a composition with instruments or other voices for performance 2. Clef Symbol at the beginning of the staff indicating the pitch of notes: labels lines and spaces 3. Chord - Simultaneous sounding of three or more notes 4. Compose Construct or create a musical piece 5. Conduct To direct and coordinate a musical ensemble through the use of motions of the hands and body. 6. Cultural Context The circumstances in which artistic activities are produced. 7. Elements of Music: Tempo Speed of the piece; Rhythm Time value of notes; feeling of movement; Harmony Chordal structure of a musical composition; Dynamics Louds and softs of music; Timbre Tone color of instruments; Form Certain scheme, structure of a composition; and Melody A succession of musical tones, thematic pattern of fixed units. 8. Emotion A strong feeling, as of sorrow or joy 9. Ensemble - Group of musicians performing/playing together 10. Expression - Emotional effect of music involves tempo, rhythm, dynamics, phrasing, articulations. 11. Fugue Imitative counterpoint developed during the 17 th century, having 5 main structural characteristics. 12. Genre - Style 13. Historical Period That which has occurred in the past within a specific time frame 14. Improvise - Perform spontaneously 15. Instrument A device for producing a musical sound 16. Instrumentation Arrangement of music for a particular group of voices and/or instruments 17. Key Signature The sharps or flats appearing at the beginning of each staff, indicating the scale and the key of the composition. 18. Meter - The basic grouping of beats and rhythms as found in each measure and indicated by the Time Signature 19. Modulation Change of key within a composition 20. Movement Various complete and comparatively independent divisions of a musical composition. 21. Music History - A chronological record of events in the development of music 22. Notation Representation of music with symbols 23. Pattern A repeated melodic and or rhythmic set of notes, chords or harmonies 24. Scale - Tonal pattern of music 25. Sequence Repetition of a melody or phrase at a higher or lower pitch 26. Style - Mode of expression of performance 27. Tempo - Speed of the music 28. Theory Fundamentals of music 29. Tonality Key of the music 30. Voicing - Timbre and pitch 31. Word Painting The expression, through music, of the ideas presented or suggested by the words of a song or other vocal parts. 85
Secondary Music Literacy Concepts JUDGEMENT AND CRITICISM 1. Analyze - Identifying and examining separate parts as they function independently and together in creative works. Identifying how the elements of music are used in a work of music. 2. Concert Etiquette The practices of social convention prescribed for both performers and audience members 3. Elements of Music: Tempo Speed of the piece; Rhythm Time value of notes; feeling of movement; Harmony Chordal structure of a musical composition; Dynamics Louds and softs of music; Timbre Tone color of instruments; Form Certain scheme, structure of a composition; and Melody A succession of musical tones, thematic pattern of fixed units. 4. Embellishments Ornamentation 5. Ensemble Group of musicians performing/playing together 6. Expression emotional effect of music involves tempo, rhythm, dynamics, phrasing, and articulations. 7. Improvise Performing spontaneously 8. Instruments the generic name for all contrivances producing musical sounds, with the exception of the voice. They are usually classified into four categories: strings, woodwind, brass, percussion. 9. Intonation singing or playing in tune 10. Meter Pattern of fixed units indicated by a time signature 11. Pattern a repeated melodic and or rhythmic set of notes, chords or harmony 12. Performance a presentation before an audience 13. Practice To perform repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill 14. Range The maximum extent 15. Rehearsal A session of practice for a performance 16. Repertoire The stock of songs, music, that a player, company, ensemble is prepared to perform. 17. Rudiment A fundamental element or skill 18. Scale Tonal pattern of music 19. Sight Read To read, conduct, or perform without prior preparation. 20. Style Mode of expression of performance 21. Technique The degree of skill shown in any performance 22. Tempo Speed of the music 23. Tuning Adjustment of proper pitch 24. Vibrato A slight fluctuation of pitch, produced on sustained notes 25. Voice Vocal Production 26. Warm-Up Routine to prepare muscles, aural skills and brain for working 86
Secondary Music Literacy Concepts AESTHETICS 1. Aesthetics Having a sense of beauty in nature and the arts 2. Audience Gathering of spectators or listeners 3. Elements of Music: Tempo Speed of the piece; Rhythm Time value of notes; feeling of movement; Harmony Chordal structure of a musical composition; Dynamics Louds and softs of music; Timbre Tone color of instruments; Form Certain scheme, structure of a composition; and Melody a succession of musical tones, thematic pattern of fixed units. 4. Emotion A strong feeling, as of sorrow or joy: affective nature of music 5. Expression emotional effect of music the elements of music, as well as phrasing and articulations 6. Performance A presentation before an audience 87
Secondary Music Technology Literacy Concepts PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTION 1. Arrange Adapt a composition with instruments or other voices for performance 2. Chord Progression Placement of chords, their relationships and functions 3. Compose Construct or create a musical piece 4. Composition techniques: Augmentation Make each note twice as long; Diminution Make each note half as long; Inversion Flip the notes vertically from a certain reference tone; Retrograde Flip the notes horizontally so the last note becomes the first and the first note becomes last; and Round Repeat a theme throughout multiple instruments starting at different times 5. Dynamics Louds and softs of music 6. Explode To take a condensed score and delegate each note vertically to different instruments 7. Form The structure or architecture of a piece of music 8. Harmony Chordal structure of a musical composition 9. Melody A succession of musical tones or tune of the song 10. Orchestrate To arrange for orchestra 11. Parts of a Song: Bridge A transition Chorus Repetitive and often contains the hook or title, usually the most memorable part of the song Hook Catchy phrase most often found in the chorus and contained in the title Instrumental Interlude Instrumental break Introduction Beginning of a song Motive A short musical idea that is repeated throughout the piece Outro - Conclusion Pre-Chorus A section often found between the verse and chorus that leads into the chorus Riff A small melodic phrase or chord pattern that is repeated Vamp Repetitive section Verse Part of a song that tells the story Rhythm Time value of notes; feeling of movement Transcribe To make a written copy of a piece of music using notation or tablature Voicing The vertical spacing of pitches in a chord and the instrumentation thereof 88
Secondary Music Technology Literacy Concepts CULTURAL CONTEXT AND MUSIC THEORY; JUDGMENT AND CRITICISM; AND AESTHETICS Theory Terms: 1. Accidentals symbols that alter the pitch of a written note 2. Chords a combination of three or more notes 3. Chromatic utilizing all twelve tones of an octave 4. Clef A symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches on such staff (treble clef, bass clef) 5. Diatonic Tones that are within the key signature or tonality 6. Dominant The fifth note of a diatonic scale 7. Enharmonic Tones Two notes that sound the same but are spelled differently on the staff 8. Half step Distance between two notes that are next to each other chromatically 9. Intervals Distance between two notes 10. Inversion Description of a chord that is not in root position 11. Key Signature Sharps or flats at the beginning of a piece that indicate the tonality of such piece 12. Leger line A small horizontal line that extends the staff 13. Measure Distance between two bar lines 14. Meter Metrical measure of pulse 15. Pulse The beat 16. Scales A pattern of tones that follow a standard pattern 17. Staff Five lines and four spaces 18. Time Signature Two numbers at the beginning of a piece of music that determine the number of beats per measure 19. Tonality Key center of a piece of music 20. Tonic The first note of a diatonic scale 21. Triads Three note chord 22. Whole Step Two half steps Instruments: 1. Brass Trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba, baritone, euphonium 2. Woodwind Flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, saxophones 3. Strings Violin, viola, cello, bass, harp, piano 4. Pitched Percussion Timpani, glockenspiel, orchestral bells, xylophone, vibraphone, marimba 5. Unpitched Percussion All percussion toys including (but not limited to) triangle, crash cymbals, tam tam, woodblock, cabasa, and more 6. Drums All concert drums including but not limited to tom toms, bass drum, snare, bongos, cangas, timbales, roto-toms, and more 7. Software Synthesizer Software that converts MIDI messages to audio Music Industry: 1. ASCAP American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers; a performing rights organization 2. BMI Broadcast Music, Incorporated; a performing rights organization 3. Copyright Legal right to copy intellectual property 4. Harry Fox Agency The company that manages mechanical licenses for most publishers 5. Intellectual Property Intangible property that is the result of creativity 89
Secondary Music Technology Literacy Concepts 6. Mechanical License Authorization from a publisher or song writer to record and distribute a song 7. Performing Rights Organization The associations or companies that issue performing rights licenses, track public performances, collect performing license revenues and distribute those revenues to song writers and music publishers. 8. Royalties Payments due to artists for creative works 9. SESAC - Society of European Stage Authors & Composers; a performing rights organization 10. Statutory Mechanical License Rate 9.1 cents per song MIDI/Synthesizers: 1. ADSR Attack, decay, sustain, release; used to describe the change of amplitude over time 2. Amplitude - Loudness 3. Channel One of the sixteen different data paths that are available to carry MIDI messages 4. Cutoff Term describing the cutoff point for a filter 5. Electronic File Types:.mid General MIDI file;.wav uncompressed audio file;.mp3 compressed audio file; and.m4a encrypted audio file usually associated with itunes 6. Filter The control of deleting or adding certain frequencies from a cutoff point 7. Frequency Pitch, or the number of times a sound vibrates per unit of time 8. General MIDI A standardized code for performance playback between instrument and computer manufacturers 9. Harmonics See overtones 10. MIDI Musical instrument digital interface: a standard protocol for communication between electronic musical instruments and computer software 11. MIDI Format The numbering system for General MIDI patches that ranges from 0 127 (MIDI format 0) or 1 128 (MIDI format 1) 12. MIDI message The different packets of data that form a MIDI transmission 13. Mod Wheel A wheel on a software synthesizer or hardware controller that adds a wah wah effect 14. Oscillator Generates sound wave 15. Overtones The almost inaudible frequencies that are higher tones within the fundamental 16. Patch The name used for the sounds that can be generated by a software synthesizer; also known as program, timbre, or voice. 17. Pitch The property of sound that varies with frequency; high and low sound 18. Pitch Bend Wheel A wheel on a software synthesizer or hardware controller that raises or lowers pitch 19. Program - The name used for the sounds that can be generated by a software synthesizer; also known as program, timbre, or voice 20. Resonance An active filter that can boost frequencies of another filter, making those harmonics louder than the original input signal 21. Software Synthesizer Software that converts MIDI data to audio 22. Virtual Instrument Software that converts MIDI data to audio Audio Production: 1. Audio Effects Processed sound 2. Autotune An audio processor that corrects pitch often used on vocals 3. Beat Match To take the tempo of one sound clip and match it to another 4. Bit A binary digit 5. Bit Rate The number of bits transferred per second 90
Secondary Music Technology Literacy Concepts 6. BPS Bits per second 7. Buffer Size The size of a region of memory which is used to temporarily hold data 8. Chorus A doubling effect that makes the original sound like an entire ensemble 9. Compressor An audio effect that reduces the level of any signal exceeding a specified threshold volume 10. Condenser Microphone A microphone consisting of a capacitor with one plate fixed and the other forming the diaphragm moved by sound waves 11. Delay Rhythmic echoes of a sound 12. Distortion A process, often found desirable by guitar players, that alters a sound's waveform 13. Dynamic Microphone A microphone whose sound pickup device consists of a diaphragm that is attached to a movable coil 14. Echo Distinct repetitions of a sound 15. EQ - A device used to cut and boost individual sound frequencies of an audio signal 16. Fanger An audio effect that simulates a sound moving closer and farther from the listening position 17. Gated Reverb An audio effect used on snare drums in the 1980s to create a powerful sound without affecting the overall mix 18. Input Audio source 19. Limiter An audio effect that reduces volume peaks without changing the overall dynamic range 20. Loops Small parts of a song that repeat 21. Mastering The process of preparing and transferring audio from the final mix to the data storage device from which all other copies will be made 22. Mixdown The process of mixing multiple pre-recorded tracks into a combined output master 23. Mono Single signal 24. Output Signal that comes out of the audio application 25. Pan Adjusting audio to the left and right speakers 26. Reverb Blended repetitions of a sound based on acoustical space 27. Sample Rate The frequency at which an analog audio stream is "sampled" or converted into digital audio 28. Signal flow The pathway for electrical signal 29. Stereo Left and right signal 30. Time/Pitch stretch Changing the tempo or frequency of music independently 31. Vox Vocals 91