Developed in Consultation with Tennessee Educators

Developed in Consultation with Tennessee Educators

Table of Contents Letter to the Student............................................. 5 Test Taking Checklist............................................ 6 Tennessee Correlations Chart..................................... 7 State Performance Indicators SPI 3001. Chapter 1 Language........................................ 11 Lesson 1 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences............................ 12 1.1, 1.2, 3.1 Lesson 2 Sentence Fragments and Combining Sentences............................ 16 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 3.5 Lesson 3 Punctuation........................... 20 1.1, 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 1.11, 1.14, 3.1 Lesson 4 Grammar and Usage.................... 24 1.1, 1.7, 1.8, 1.15, 3.1, 3.12 Lesson 5 Pronouns, Nouns, and Verbs.............. 28 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 3.1 Mid-Chapter 1 Review............................. 32 Lesson 6 Roots, Affixes, and Cognates............. 36 1.12, 1.15 Lesson 7 Context Clues.......................... 40 1.12, 1.15 Lesson 8 Analogies............................. 44 5.2 Lesson 9 Capitalization, Spelling, and 1.13, 1.14, 1.15 Confusing Words....................... 48 Lesson 10 Dictionary, Etymology, and Foreign Words... 52 1.15, 1.16 Chapter 1 Review................................. 56 Chapter 2 Logic and Communication.......................... 61 Lesson 11 Inferences and Conclusions............... 62 5.1, 7.1 Lesson 12 Induction and Deduction................. 66 5.8 Lesson 13 Main Idea and Details................... 70 2.1, 3.7, 6.1 Lesson 14 Fact and Opinion....................... 74 5.3 Mid-Chapter 2 Review............................. 78 Lesson 15 Persuasion............................ 82 2.6, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11 Lesson 16 Charts and Graphs...................... 86 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 Lesson 17 Effectiveness of Presentation.............. 90 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7 Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law. 3

Lesson 18 Speaking and Communication............. 94 2.6, 2.7 Chapter 2 Review................................ 98 Chapter 3 Writing and Research............................. 101 Lesson 19 Author s Purpose and Audience.......... 102 2.7, 3.10, 3.11, 3.13, 3.15 Lesson 20 Vivid Words.......................... 106 3.4, 3.14 Lesson 21 Text Organization...................... 110 2.4, 3.2., 3.3, 3.8, 3.13, 5.4, 6.4 Lesson 22 Text Features......................... 114 3.3, 3.13 Lesson 23 Using Graphic Organizers............... 118 3.8, 3.13, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 Mid-Chapter 3 Review............................ 122 Lesson 24 Prewriting............................ 128 4.4 Lesson 25 Writing Process....................... 132 4.4 Lesson 26 Thesis and Research................... 136 2.1, 3.6, 4.1 Lesson 27 References and Resources.............. 140 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 Lesson 28 Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Critiquing. 144 2.2, 2.3, 3.7 Lesson 29 Information Made Clear................. 148 4.6 Chapter 3 Review............................... 152 Chapter 4 Literature....................................... 157 Lesson 30 Elements of Fiction.................... 158 8.15, 8.3, 8.4, 8.8, 8.9 Lesson 31 Flashback and Foreshadowing........... 162 8.6 Lesson 32 Mood and Tone....................... 166 3.9, 7.6, 8.7 Lesson 33 Elements of Drama..................... 170 8.12, 8.15 Lesson 34 Poetry Structure....................... 174 8.11, 8.16 Mid-Chapter 4 Review............................ 178 Lesson 35 Literary Devices....................... 182 2.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.5, 8.6, 8.14 Lesson 36 Sound Devices........................ 186 8.10 Lesson 37 Compare and Contrast Texts............. 190 6.5, 7.7, 8.16 Lesson 38 Historical Context...................... 194 8.13, 8.14 Chapter 4 Review................................ 198 Glossary..................................................... 202 4 Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.

3 Punctuation 1.1, 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 1.11, 1.14, 3.1 Getting the Idea The natural rhythms, pauses, and stops of spoken language are conveyed through the use of punctuation. Emphasis and connection are other functions of punctuation. Sentence Endings Commas Period: Completes a thought in a declarative sentence. Question Mark: Completes an interrogative sentence. Exclamation Point: Completes an interjection or an exclamatory sentence. separate items in a series: She drank milk, water, tea, and juice. set off dependent clauses: At the start of the day, Johnny ate bread. in appositives or appositions: John Smith, a farmer, planted trees. in direct address: Paul, I wanted to tell you first. in dates: September 4, 1980 to separate city and state: Billings, Montana in salutations and closings of letters: Dear Paul, Sincerely, Tom to divide independent clauses in compound sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction: and, but, for, or, nor, or yet. Semicolon joins two equal sentence elements which could be sentences on their own: Ted won the game; he was the nation s hero. Apostrophe shows possession, and takes the place of missing letters in contractions for singular nouns: add s. (that boy s hat) plural nouns that don t end in s: (the crowd s roar) for plural nouns ending in s: add s. (the girls uniforms) compound nouns: add s to the last word (a mother-in-law s) Quotation Marks and Punctuation Marks show an exact quote: He said, Why must I swim upriver now? include punctuation marks (,.!?) within quotation marks: I do, said Grace. titles of short stories and poems: To Build a Fire 20 Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.

Coached Example DIRECTIONS Read the letter. Use the hints to help answer the questions. October 4 2006 11 Meyers Road Marietta, Georgia Dear Jorge, (1) I saw Lonnie your old friend the other day. (2) He asked me, Ervin have you ever read the book called The Ransom of Red Chief? (3) I laughed because that was our favorite story. (4) With my phone dead, I decided to write you because I thought you would appreciate it. Sincerely, Ervin Thinking It Through 1. In which part of the letter is a comma missing? A. in the date B. in the salutation C. in sentence 3 D. in sentence 4 HINT Commas divide things other than words. 2. How should sentence 2 be correctly HINT A. Change the italics of the book title. B. Add a comma after Ervin. C. Move the question mark inside the quotation. D. Delete the comma after me. All punctuation marks have a purpose and a function. You should be able to explain why they are needed or not needed. Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law. 21

Lesson Practice Coached Reading DIRECTIONS As you read the passage, look to the Reading Guide for tips. an excerpt from One of Ours by Willa Cather (1) CLAUDE WHEELER opened his eyes before the sun was up and vigorously shook his younger brother, who lay in the other half of the same bed. (2) Ralph Ralph, get awake! (3) Come down and help me wash the car. (4) What for? (5) Why, aren t we going to the circus today? (6) Car s all right. Let me alone. (7) The boy turned over and pulled the sheet up to his face, to shut out the light which was beginning to come through the curtainless windows. (8) Claude rose and dressed a simple operation which took very little time. (9) He crept down two flights of stairs feeling his way in the dusk his red hair standing up in peaks, like a cocks comb. (10) He went through the kitchen into the adjoining washroom, which held two porcelain stands with running water. (11) Everybody had washed before going to bed, apparently, and the bowls were ringed with a dark sediment which the hard, alkaline water had not dissolved. (12) Shutting the door on this disorder, he turned back to the kitchen, took Mahailey s tin basin, doused his face and head in cold water, and began to plaster down his wet hair. (13) Old Mahailey herself came in from the yard, What air you gittin up for a-ready, boy? (14) You goin to the circus before breakfast? (15) All right Mahailey. (16) Claude caught up his cap and ran out of doors, down the hillside toward the barn. (17) The sun popped up over the edge of the prairie like a broad, smiling face; the light poured across the close-cropped August pastures and the hilly, timbered windings of Lovely Creek, a clear little stream with a sand bottom, that curled and twisted playfully about through the south section of the big Wheeler ranch. Some of the punctuation in the passage is incorrect and you will have to correct it. Pay careful attention to the punctuation at the end of sentences to see if it is correct. Sentence 17 contains some old-fashioned punctuation that indicates it was written 80 years ago. You will not be tested on this older type of punctuation, such as, Lovely Creek, a clear little stream. 22 Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.

Lesson 3: Punctuation Independent Practice DIRECTIONS Use the passage to answer the questions. 1. How should sentences 2 and 3 be correctly A. Ralph Ralph, get awake! Come down and help me wash the car. B. Ralph, Ralph, get awake? Come down and help me wash the car. C. Ralph, Ralph, get awake! Come down and help me wash the car. D. Ralph, Ralph, get awake; Come down and help me wash the car. 2. How should sentence 5 be correctly A. Why, aren t we going to the circus today? B. Why, aren t we going to the circus today? C. Why, aren t we going to the circus today. D. Why, aren t we going to the circus today! 3. How should sentence 9 be correctly A. He crept down two flights of stairs feeling his way in the dusk his red hair standing up in peaks; like a cock s comb. B. He crept down two flights of stairs. Feeling his way in the dusk, his red hair standing up in peaks, like a cock s comb! C. He crept down two flights of stairs feeling his way in the dusk, his red hair standing up in peaks like a cock s comb. D. He crept down two flights of stairs; feeling his way in the dusk. His red hair standing up in peaks; like a cock s comb. 4. How should sentences 15 and 16 be correctly A. All right, Mahailey. Claude caught up his cap and ran out of doors, down the hillside toward the barn. B. All right, Mahailey. Claude caught up his cap and ran out of doors, down the hillside toward the barn. C. All right Mahailey, Claude caught up his cap and ran out of doors, down the hillside toward the barn. D. All, right, Mahailey. Claude caught up his cap, and ran out of doors, down the hillside, toward the barn. Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law. 23