SM02 High Definition Video Encoder and Pattern Generator User Manual Revision 0.2 20 th May 2016 1
Contents Contents... 2 Tables... 2 Figures... 3 1. Introduction... 4 2. acvi Overview... 6 3. Connecting up the SM02... 8 4. Quick Start Guide... 11 Switch On and Control... 11 Menu control... 13 5. SM02 Patterns... 21 75% Colour bars... 21 100% Colour bars... 21 SMPTE Colour bars... 22 Ramp... 24 5-step staircase... 25 2T30T... 25 Multiburst... 26 15MHzSw... 27 30MHzSw... 27 Black... 28 White... 28 50%Grey... 29 Red... 29 Green... 29 Blue... 29 Xhatch... 29 SDI PLL... 29 Matrix... 29 Zone Plate... 30 5. SM02 Noise generator... 32 Appendix A: Power supply specification... 33 Tables Table 1 acvi output specification.... 9 Table 2 Analogue Component output Specifications... 10 Table 3 HD-SDI Output Specifications... 10 2
Table 4 HD-SDI Input specification.... 10 Table 5 SM02 Patterns.... 16 Figures Figure 1 acvi Spectrum.... 7 Figure 2 SM02 rear panel.... 8 Figure 3 SM02 AC-DC converter... 9 Figure 4 SM02 Front panel.... 11 Figure 5 SM02 Menu structure.... 13 Figure 6 acvi output, 30MHz sweep (Pre-emphasis = minimum).... 19 Figure 7 acvi output, 30MHz sweep (Pre-emphasis = maximum).... 20 Figure 8 75% Component colour bar waveform.... 21 Figure 9 100% Colour bar waveform.... 22 Figure 10 SMPTE Colour Bar component waveform.... 23 Figure 11 SMPTE Reverse colour bars waveform.... 23 Figure 12 SMPTE Pluge waveform.... 24 Figure 13 Limit ramp waveform.... 24 Figure 14 10-step waveform.... 25 Figure 15 2T30T pulse waveform.... 26 Figure 16 Multiburst waveform.... 27 Figure 17 15MHz frequency sweep waveform.... 27 Figure 18 30MHz sweep waveform... 28 Figure 19 30MHz sweep markers.... 28 Figure 20 Matrix test signal.... 30 Figure 21. Left side: The zone plate shows flickering colours at the subcarrier frequency because of crosstalk between the luma and the chroma. Right side: No crosstalk issues.... 31 Figure 22 Hum generator.... 32 3
1. Introduction SM02 is a video encoder and pattern generator supporting high definition video standards. As a video pattern generator, SM02 can generate 19 line based patterns which are output as simultaneous HD-SDI (SMPTE-272M), YPbPr component and acvi. Standards supported are: 720p/25Hz-30Hz-50Hz-59.94Hz-60Hz 1080p/24Hz-25Hz-29.97Hz-30Hz 1080i/50Hz-59.94Hz-60Hz Patterns available include: 75%/100%/SMPTE colour bars Black/White/50% Grey/Red/Green/Blue flat fields 2T, 30T and Pulse bar Multiburst 15/7.5MHz and 30/15MHz luma/chroma frequency sweeps 5 step linearity Crosshatch 5 pattern matrix pattern Pathological (HD-SDI test) Circular Zone Plate In addition programmable amplitude white noise and/or 50Hz or 60Hz hum may be added to the YPbPr (Y channel) and acvi outputs. As a video encoder SM02 accepts SMPTE-272M inputs at any of the above standards which it encodes to simultaneous HD-SDI (SMPTE-272M), YPbPr component and acvi outputs. Again noise and/or hum may be added to the YPbPr and acvi outputs. Controls provided include: acvi amplitude acvi Luma amplitude acvi Chroma amplitude 4
acvi Burst amplitude acvi Sync amplitude acvi Black level YPbPr Luma amplitude YPbPr Pb/Pr amplitude YPbPr Sync amplitude YPbPr Black level SM02 is powered by a universal input power supply and controlled with a simple and intuitive selection menu. 5
2. acvi Overview The following is a brief overview of the acvi interface. The basic concept of the acvi interface is to build on the proven and reliable transport method of NTSC, (the advantages of PAL v.v. multi-path reception is not relevant to a cable system so NTSC is used as the model). NTSC transmissions are capable of transmitting more than 1km across RG-59 cable but the bandwidth is limited to 5MHz. NTSC also has chroma/luma crosstalk issues that are difficult to resolve at the receiver end. Because the cable system is a closed system, it is only necessary for the transmitter and receiver to understand each other and we can modify the basic NTSC method to suit HD transmissions. According to the SMPTE-296M specification, HD (74.25MHz sampling) video transmission requires a luma bandwidth of 30MHz and chroma bandwidth of 15MHz. To save on system costs acvi supports the 30MHz luma bandwidth but constrains the chroma bandwidth to 7.5MHz (4:1:1 sampling). The colour difference signals are modulated onto a carrier in quadrature so they effectively use the same bandwidth: the chroma subcarrier is ~27.8MHz.. The high frequency luma and the modulated chroma overlap above 18.6MHz, but because of the use of single chip image sensors, there is usually little high frequency content to cause image artifacts. Chroma and luma are separated in the receiver using a line comb filter, but to further reduce cross-colour and cross-luma effects caused by line comb filters, the encoder has additional comb filters to reduce the visibility of these artifacts. The effective bandwidth of the complete signal is therefore approximately 9.3MHz (chroma upper sideband + filter roll off) + 27.8MHz or about 37MHz, setting a minimum sampling frequency of 2 x 37MHz or 74MHz. For convenience we choose 74.25MHz as a sampling frequency as this is related to the SMPTE272M standard; (see Figure 2). For transmission over 300m of RG-59 cable we can expect 18dB loss at higher frequencies (6.2dB/100m @ 50MHz). However the synchronizing signals are at a much lower frequency where the loss is only about 1-2dB so reliable rastering of the received signal should always be assured. 6
An improvement in the SNR is achieved through transmitting a peak to peak video level of 1.5V which maintains compatibility with any legacy SD equipment on the network and also allows common low-power 3.3V drivers to be used. Figure 1 acvi Spectrum. 7
3. Connecting up the SM02 All connections to the SM02 are made via the rear panel: see Figure 2. Figure 2 SM02 rear panel. The AC-DC converter connects to the left hand jack. The SM02 input is protected against reverse polarity and is fused against internal short circuits or overloads. The converter supplied with the SM02 is a model MW173KB manufactured by SL Power Electronics Corp. and provides 9VDC at 3A and accepts AC inputs from 100-240VAC. Connect the supplied power cord to the AC-DC converter and output DC of the converter to the 9VDC Power In input of the SM02. 8
Figure 3 SM02 AC-DC converter A full specification for the supplied AC-DC converter may be found in Appendix A. The SM02 provides both analogue and digital component outputs for connecting to the equipment under test. The acvi output is connected to the BNC, acvi Out. The specification for the output is shown in Table 1. Parameter Specification Comments Connector Type BNC Output impedance 75Ω Output return loss >30dB 0-37.125MHz acvi output level 1.5V pk.pk Nominal peak Y to sync tip for 100% colour bars input Table 1 acvi output specification. 9
The analogue component outputs are connected to the BNCs, Y Out, Pb Out and Pr Out. The specification for the outputs is shown in Table 2. Parameter Specification Comments Connector Type BNC Output impedance 75Ω Output return loss >30dB 0-5MHz Y output level 1.0V pk.pk Nominal 100% colour bars input Cb/Cr output levels ±350mV pk-pk Nominal 100% colour bars input Table 2 Analogue Component output Specifications The serial digital interface (HD-SDI) output is connected to the HD SDI Out BNC and its specifications are shown in Table 3. The HD-SDI output conforms to the SMPTE-272M specification. Parameter Specification Comments Connector Type BNC Output impedance 75Ω Fixed termination Output return loss >15dB 50Hz-1.485GHz Output level 800mV pk-pk ± 10% Jitter <0.2UI Table 3 HD-SDI Output Specifications The serial digital interface (HD-SDI) input (only used in encoder mode) is connected to the HD SDI In BNC and its specifications are shown in Table 4. The HD-SDI input conforms to the SMPTE-272M specification. Parameter Specification Comments Connector Type BNC Input impedance 75Ω Fixed termination Input return loss >15dB 50Hz-1.485GHz Input level 800mV pk-pk Nominal Table 4 HD-SDI Input specification. 10
4. Quick Start Guide Switch On and Control Connect the AC-DC converter 9VDC cable into the rear panel power in socket. Connect the AC supply to a local AC supply between 110-240VAC. The Standby LED should light. Push the Adjust control and the unit will switch on and the welcome message will be displayed (SingMai SM02). To switch off the SM02 push the Adjust control again. The front panel of the SM02 is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 SM02 Front panel. There are just two controls for the SM01. The right hand control (Adjust) switches the unit between On and Standby by pushing it whilst also adjusting the value of parameters by rotating the knob left or right. The central switch (Select) selects the chosen menu parameter and switches preset parameters between, for example, on and off. After the welcome message is displayed the LCD display will show the available top level menus. A left hand arrow indicates which menu is active. Rotating the Adjust control will show all the available menus; after the last of the menus an up arrow is shown. To select a menu ensure the left arrow is by the side of the required top level menu and press the Select button. Those menu options will then be displayed. 11
To change a parameter within the lower menu choices choose the required item by aligning the left arrow with it and press the Select button. The parameter will either toggle between the available options (e.g. On or Off) or will show a menu bar where to can select more options via the Adjust control. Once you have chosen the setting you require press the Select button to return to the menu choices. The Adjust control is also used to set the parameter values. Once set the required value, press the Select button to retain that value and return to the menu. To return to the top level menu scroll down the menu choices using the Adjust control; the last one before the up arrow will show Exit. Select this by pressing the Select button and you will return to the top level menus. 12
Menu control The complete menu structure is shown in Figure 4. Figure 5 SM02 Menu structure. 13
The following is a brief description of the menu functions. HDSDI in: Pattern (Encoder) Each button press toggles between the internal patterns (Pattern default value) and the serial digital (HD-SDI) input (Encoder). Exit Returns to the top level menus. Stand d (Standard): In Encoder mode the HD-SDI input standard must match the output standard selection. (i.e. if the HD-SDI input is 1080p/30Hz, selecting standards other than this can result in corrupted outputs). 720p/25 Forces 720p/25Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. (Note, a number of items of video equipment do accept this output standard.) 720p/30 Forces 720p/30Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. (Note, a number of items of video equipment do accept this output standard.) 720p/50 Forces 720p/50Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. 720p/59 Forces 720p/59.94Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. (Pixel clock frequency is 74. 74.17582418MHz.) 720p/60 Forces 720p/60Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. (Default output standard). 1080p/24 Forces 1080p/24Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. 14
1080p/25 Forces 1080p/25Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. 1080p/29 Forces 1080p/29.97Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. (Pixel clock frequency is 74. 74.17582418MHz.) 1080p/30 Forces 1080p/24Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. 1080i/50 Forces 1080i/50Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. (2:1 interlaced output frame rate = 25Hz.) 1080i/59 Forces 1080i/59.94Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. (Pixel clock frequency is 74. 74.17582418MHz. 2:1 interlaced output frame rate = 29.97Hz.) 1080i/60 Forces 1080i/60Hz output standard for the HD-SDI, YPbPr and acvi outputs. (2:1 interlaced output frame rate = 30Hz.) Exit Returns to the top level menus. The specifications for the standards are shown in Appendix A. Pattern: Selects the output pattern when in Pattern mode. (In Encoder mode the pattern menu operates but the pattern will not appear on the output. Table 5 lists the patterns available for each standard. A full description of the patterns can be found in Chapter 4. 15
Table 5 SM02 Patterns. P meter (Parameter): Note that some combinations of the parameter setting can give invalid outputs and may result in clipping of the signal. acvi Adjusts the output amplitude of the composite acvi video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range is 0-130%. acvi-y Adjusts the output amplitude of the luma component of the acvi video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range is 0-130%. 16
acvi-c Adjusts the output amplitude of the chroma component of the acvi video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range 0-130%. Burst Adjusts the output amplitude of the colour burst of the acvi video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range 0-130%. acvi-s Adjusts the output amplitude of the synchronizing signals of the acvi video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range is 0-130%. acvi-b Adjusts the output black level of the composite video output. Default value is 0 (offset of 0mV). Range is ±100. YPbPr-Y Adjusts the output amplitude of the luma (Y channel) of the component YPbPr analogue video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range is 0-130%. YPbPr-U Adjusts the output amplitude of the Pb of the component YPbPr analogue video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range is 0-130%. YPbPr-V Adjusts the output amplitude of the Pr of the component YPbPr analogue video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range is 0-130%. YPbPr-S Adjusts the output amplitude of the synchronizing signals of the component Y analogue video output. Default value is 100% (gain of 1). Range is 0-130%. YPbPr-B Adjusts the black level value of the luma component of the component YPbPr analogue video output. Default value is 100 (offset of 0mV). Range is ±100. Exit Returns to the top level menus. 17
Noise: Y Noise Selects a sub menu which allows control of the amplitude of white noise injected into the Y output channel of the YPbPr analogue output and the Y component of the acvi composite video output. The range of the control is from 0 (off default value) to 100 (maximum noise). A fuller description of the noise generator may be found in Chapter 5. Video (V+Sync) The injected noise (white noise) is limited to the active video portion of the analogue output waveform (Video default value) or the entire waveform (V+Sync). Hum Selects a sub menu which allows control of the amplitude of hum injected into the Y output channel of the YPbPr analogue output and the acvi video output.. The range of the control is from 0 (off default value) to 100 (maximum hum). A fuller description of the noise generator may be found in Chapter 5. Hum60Hz (Hum50Hz) Selects frequency of the hum (50Hz or 60Hz). Exit Returns to the top level menus. Setup: B light Controls the brightness of the front panel LCD backlight. Default value is 4. C maon (C maoff) Turns off the chroma component of the HD-SDi, YPbPr and acvi outputs. Default value is chroma on (C maon). acvi ID Allows the ID component of the transmitter data to be set. (See chapter 6). Values can be between 0 and 15. 18
acvi Da Allows the data component of the transmitter data to be set. (See chapter 6). Values can be between 0 and 255. acvi Rx Displays the received ID and data words from the acvi receiver (if present). acvi PE Manual control of the pre-emphasis filter for the acvi interface. The value is between 0 (minimum) and 255 (maximum). The degree of pre-emphasis set is dependent on the cable length and is designed to approximately compensate for the high frequency loss of >300m of RG-59 or UTP cable. Figures 6 and 7 show the acvi output with a 30MHz frequency sweep with minimum and maximum pre-emphasis set. Figure 6 acvi output, 30MHz sweep (Pre-emphasis = minimum). 19
Figure 7 acvi output, 30MHz sweep (Pre-emphasis = maximum). Exit Returns to the top level menus. 20
5. SM02 Patterns Below is a detailed description of each of the SM02 patterns. 75% Colour bars 75% colour bars are used for measuring insertion gain, chroma level and chroma gain and for monitor alignment. The SM02 generates full frame 75% saturated colour bars with a 100% white bar reference. The colour bar sequence is white, yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, blue and black. Figure 8 75% Component colour bar waveform. 100% Colour bars 100% colour bars are used for measuring insertion gain, chroma level and chroma gain and for monitor alignment. The SM02 generates full frame 100% saturated colour bars with a 100% white bar reference. The colour bar sequence is white, yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, blue and black. 21
Figure 9 100% Colour bar waveform. SMPTE Colour bars 67% of the SMPTE colour bar waveform comprises 75% colour bars; white, yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red and blue. Below this and comprising 8% of the frame, is a sequence of blue, black, magenta, black, cyan, black, white bars. The bars are used to set the monitor colour saturation and contrast. Below this is a below black pluge which is used to set the monitor black level. 22
Figure 10 SMPTE Colour Bar component waveform. Figure 11 SMPTE Reverse colour bars waveform. 23
Figure 12 SMPTE Pluge waveform. Ramp This waveform is a linear modulated ramp and may be used to measure linearity or signal to noise ratio. Figure 13 Limit ramp waveform. 24
5-step staircase This waveform is five, equal amplitude, steps of luma and chroma and may be used to measure linearity. Figure 14 10-step waveform. 2T30T This waveform is a pulse/bar waveform consisting of a 2T wide pulse, a 12.5T wide pulse, a 30T wide pulse and a white bar. This test signal is used to measure the pulse response of the video path where ringing of pulses, or asymmetry indicate possible problems. 2T is the minimum pulse width permissible in the HD video stream. 25
Figure 15 2T30T pulse waveform. Multiburst The Multiburst waveform is used to measure frequency response. It consists of a reference amplitude bar and six packets of 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz and 30MHz for the luma channel and 2.5MHz, 5MHz, 7.5MHz, 10MHz, 12.5MHz and 15MHz for the chroma channels. 26
Figure 16 Multiburst waveform. 15MHzSw This waveform is a 1MHz to 15MHz frequency sweep for the luma channel, and a 0.5MHz to 7.5MHz frequency sweep for the chroma channels. 30MHzSw Figure 17 15MHz frequency sweep waveform. This waveform is a 1MHz to 30MHz frequency sweep for the luma channel, and a 0.5MHz to 15MHz frequency sweep for the chroma channels. These frequencies are the limits of the SMPTE-296M specification for HD video. At the bottom of the waveform are 5 markers which indicate the 5MHz,10MHz,15MHz, 20MHz and 25MHz frequencies for luma and the 2.5MHz, 5MHz, 7.5MHz, 10MHz and 12.5MHz frequencies for chroma. 27
Figure 18 30MHz sweep waveform. Figure 19 30MHz sweep markers. Black Black is a full frame 0mV luma only video signal that may be used for noise measurements. White White is a full frame 700mV luma only video signal that may be used for noise measurements or for finding AC coupling or clamping issues. 28
50%Grey Pedestal is a full frame 350mV luma only video signal that may be used for noise measurements. Red Red is a full frame 75% saturated red video signal. Green Green is a full frame 75% saturated green video signal. Blue Blue is a full frame 75% saturated blue video signal. Xhatch The crosshatch pattern is a grid of 23 x 11 (1080 line) or 21 x 11 (720 line) lines which may be used for monitor alignment and positioning. SDI PLL The SDI PLL test signal is intended to test the HD-SDI input receiver. The top half consists of a repetitive active line pattern of values Y=198h and C=300h. After scrambling this results in either 19 ones followed by one zero or 19 zeros followed by one one. This output stresses the equalizer because of its low frequency content. The bottom half consists of a repetitive active line pattern of values Y=110h and C=200h. This results in an output with 20 zeros followed by 20 ones. This bit pattern tests the receiver PLL because of the low transition frequency of edges in the data. Matrix The matrix test signal comprises five equally spaced patterns in one combination test signal that permits a single test signal analysis of a video 29
component or system. The five signals are: 75% colour bars, 5 step modulated staircase, 2T/20T pulse and bar, luma multi-burst and modulated ramp. Figure 20 Matrix test signal. Zone Plate The zone plate is a two-dimensional linear frequency sweep with the highest frequencies at the edges of the image. It can be used to measure the horizontal and vertical frequency response of system. Attenuation on the left and right edges of the image show low pass filtering of the image; attenuation of the top and bottom of the image show vertical filtering, perhaps line to line averaging or issues with a scaler or de-interlacer. The zone plate is very useful for designing and testing composite analogue video decoders, including the new HD composite standards (see Figure 7). The zone plate s use is not just restricted to analogue video decoding. Any video processing, SD or HD, which manipulates the image spatially and/or temporally can be tested to breaking point with the zone plate: such processing includes video standards conversion, de-interlacing and scaling. 30
Figure 21. Left side: The zone plate shows flickering colours at the subcarrier frequency because of crosstalk between the luma and the chroma. Right side: No crosstalk issues. 31
5. SM02 Noise generator SM02 has two noise generators that can add noise to the CVBS output. The first of these uses a pseudo-random number generator to create white noise. A programmable amount of this noise is added to the luma component of the composite output. The noise can be added to the entire video signal (including the sync and blanking) or just to the active video. The maximum noise setting adds approximately 50dB of noise to the signal. The second noise generator is a programmable frequency (50Hz or 60Hz) hum generator. Figure 22 shows the hum generator on the acvi output across a frame of video. Figure 22 Hum generator. 32
Appendix A: Power supply specification The AC-DC converter supplied with the SM02 is a model MW173KB from SL Power Electronics Corporation. It accepts all AC inputs from 100-240VAC and provides a 9V, 3A DC output for the SM02. The detailed specification is shown below. 33
34
35