50 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Types of Research This research describes the phenomena of words that are found in a comedy movie. Thus, this research uses a qualitative method. The findings of this research will be a statistical procedures and the explanations or discussions of wordplay. Wahyuni (2012: 12) states that one of the characteristics of qualitative research is that it is descriptive in nature. What is meant by descriptive is that in qualitative research the data collected are in the form of words rather than numbers. Furthermore, Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009: 7) tell us that qualitative research yields narrative or textual descriptions of the phenomena under study. More specifically, the type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The aims of descriptive qualitative research is to show or to illustrate the phenomennon of wordplay in translating the movie. Meanwhile, this research aims at explaining the phenomena found in the translation of wordplay in The Lego Movie. These phenomena were related to the types of wordplay, techniques used to translate the wordplay, and the degree of equivalence of the wordplay. Futhermore, a qualitative method is relevant to be used in this research. B. Data and Data Sources The data in this research were words, phrases, and sentences considered as wordplay found in The Lego Movie and their Bahasa Indonesia subtilting texts, while the context of the data was the dialogues of the characters inthe Lego 50
51 Movie. Furthermore, the data were collected manually from the English texts as the phonic channel and Bahasa Indonesia texts as the graphic channel of the original DVD of The Lego Movie. Firmin (2008 : 190) tells us that in qualitative research, the term data is frequently related to words. The context of the data was the dialogues and the subtitling texts of the characters of The Lego Movie. In addition, the data sources of the research are The Lego Movie as the source text (ST) and its Bahasa Indonesia subtitling text as the target text (TT). The data were collected manually from English texts as to phonic channel and Bahasa Indonesia texts as the graphic channel of the original DVDs of The Lego Movie. C. Research Instruments The research instrument in this research was using data sheet to analyze the dialogues and the subtitling text. Lincoln and Guba in Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009: 188) state that human is the best instrument in a qualitative research. In short, the researcher was the main instrument in this research. Moreover, as the supporting instrument, data sheet was employed to record and classify the data. The model of the data sheet can be seen below of this page. D. Data Collections Techniques The steps taken to collect the data for this research include : 1. watching the movie several times to get a deep information about the phenomena under study, the translation of wordplay, 2. making transcript by manually typing down the English dialogues containing the wordplay,
52 3. writing the Bahasa Indonesia subtitling texts of the English dialogues containing the wordplay, and 4. putting the data into data sheet. E. Data Analysis Techniques Analyzing the data was done after collecting and arranging the data first. After collecting and arranging the data, the data in this research were analyzed using some steps as follows. 1. Reading In the first step all the data that had been collected before, both from the ST and TT, were read comprehensively. 2. Classifying The relevant data were categorized using a table. The table was made to classify the data into types of wordplay, techniques used to translate the wordplay, and the degree of equivalence of the wordplay. 3. Interpreting When the classification was finisihed, the data were analyzed intepreting each datum to answer the research questions. 4. Reporting In this last step, the data were presented in the discussion. Some examples from the findings were taken and further explanation of the interpretation were elaborated.
53 F. Trustworthiness Given and Saumure (2008: 895) give a definition of trustworthiness as the ways in which qualitative researchers ensure that transferability, credibility, dependability, and confirmability are evident in their research. In order to get a valid reliable research, the concept of credibility was applied in this research. Furthermore, to achieve the credibility of the research, the researcher applied triangulation. One of the forms of triangulation is the use of peer debriefing, e.g. critical examination and evaluation by a qualified outside the researcher. In this research, peer debriefing was conducted by asking three students of English Language and Literature. Each of the students is from Literature, Translation and Linguistic major as peer readers to critically examine and evaluate the data. Each of the students is given the research drafts to analyze the grammar accuracy and to evaluate the data in the appendices. A student from Linguistics major is asked to anlayze the grammar accuracy and the effectiveness of sentences in each paragraphs from Chapter I to Chapter III. Meanwhile, students from Literature and Translation majors are asked to evaluate the data that have been analyzed in the appendices, chapter four, and chapter five.
54 Table 2. The example of Data Sheet Types of wordplay Translation techniques Equivalence no ST to TT subtitling explanation HM PH HP PR PS ID SY MR WP WP WP NON-WP WP RT WP Z ST= TT NON-WP WP Z P ET FL EQ PL N U 1. Vitruvius : He's coming. Cover your butt. Guard : Cover the what? Lord Business: Vitruvius. Vitruvius : Lord Business. Lord Business: You've hidden the Kragle well, old man. Vitruvius: Dia datang. Lindungi diri kalian. Guard: Berlindung dari apa? Lord Business: Vitruvius. Vitruvius: Lord Business. Lord Business: Kau telah menyembunyikan Kragel dengan baik, orang tua. The prhase butt in cover your butt means to protect yourself, not to cover the butt in literal meaning. PH : Phonological wordplay HM : Homonymy HP : Homophony PR : Paronymy PS : Polysemy wordplay ID : Idiomatic wordplay SY : Syntactic wordplay MR : Morphological wordplay WP WP : Wordplay to wordplay WP NON WP : wordplay to non wordplay WP RT : wordplay to rhetorical devices WP Z : wordplay to zero ST = TT : wordplay source text = wordplay target text NON WP WP : non wordplay to wordplay Z WP : zero to wordplay 54 ET : editprial technique EQ : Euivalent FL : Fully equivalent PL : Partially equivalent N : Non equivalent U : Unrealized