UNIT 6. SECOND CONDITIONAL MISCELLANEA Office equipment 1. What is the name of these machines? Printer Photocopier Computer Fax machine 1. This can make many copies of a letter or document. 2. This sends copies of documents via the telephone line. 3. This is used by almost everyone in every office as it has so many uses. Most people only use it for word processing. 4. This will produce of hard copy of your documents that are stored in the previous machine. 2. Complete the text using the words given in the box. filing cabinet computer post fax photocopies e-mail file I have to do many things in the office. My first job is to open the (1) and give the contents to the correct person. Next I make (2) of all the invoices we receive. I have to (3) the copies in the (4) and type the figures into a programme on the (5). In the afternoon I reply to the customers, sometimes I phone them but usually I send a (6) or an (7). TEXT The Second Conditional The Second Conditional is formed like this: Página 1
IF + PAST TENSE, WOULD + INFINITIVE It is used to describe imaginary, unreal, impossible and improbable situations: If I were a man (imaginary/impossible), I would probably earn more money. If Wales won the World Cup (imaginary/improbable), we would be astonished! It often depends on the attitude of the speaker whether you should use the First or the Second conditional: A politician thinks: If there weren t any trees, there wouldn t be any forest fires! It s a decision: We are going to cut down all the trees. If there aren t any trees, there won t be any forest fires. Were is often used instead of was, especially in formal English: If I were you, I wouldn t eat that. It doesn t look very fresh to me. Might and Could can be used instead of Would but May cannot be used. Were to + infinitive can be used instead of the Past simple. It makes things slightly less likely. If he came/were to come, he could sleep on the sofa. Compound adjectives Compound adjectives are two separate words joined together with a hyphen (-) to make one adjective. The first word is usually an existing adjective and the second word is usually a noun or a verb with either -ing or -ed added to the end. good-looking big-headed The first word may also be a number: Example: a three-bedroomed house a three-legged stool Página 2
3. Grammar practice. Choose the most suitable tense. 1. If you (want/wanted) to go out tonight, I (will/would) babysit for you. 2. If I (were/ are you), I (will/would) ask David before you make up your mind. 3. How (will/would) you feel if I (tell/told) you that I am pregnant? 4. If you (lend/lent) me the money, I (will/would) pay you back next week. 5. I (will/would) ban Mondays if I (were/am) the Prime Minister. 6. If the people (choose/chose) me as their President, I (will/would) make the world a safer place. 7. I don t like living here. I (will/would) be happier if we (live/lived) in the country. In case, as long as, unless, provided and providing. These words can be used instead of if. In case is not used with second conditionals as it suggests a real possibility. The others are more common in first conditional sentences than in second conditionals. - I ll buy some more beer if we run out. (If there is no more beer, then I will go to the shop and buy more.) - I ll buy some more beer in case we run out. (I will go to the shop now and buy more beer so that we don t run out.) - We ll go to the beach as long as/provided (that)/providing (that) it s sunny tomorrow. (We ll go to the beach on condition that it s sunny.) - We will go to the beach unless it s cloudy. ( We will go to the beach if it isn t cloudy.) - I wouldn t spend that much money on a ring unless I were madly in love. (If I were madly in love, I would spend that much money on a ring.) 4. Complete the sentences using in case/unless/providing/provided/as long as. 1. I ll tell you you promise to keep it a secret. 2. I ll bring an umbrella it rains. 3. I would work there they paid me well Página 3
4. Jane studies hard, she will fail the exam. 5. Jane studies hard, she could pass the exam. 6. you need to contact me, I will give you my phone number. 7. The team will be relegated to the second division they beat Coventry on Saturday. 8. I save enough money, I will go to Australia next summer. 9. We ll be late we hurry. 10. I wouldn t bother him it were really urgent. 5. Listening. English and French. Listen to the following spoken text. The French language has long had a profound influence on English due to France s close geographical and political proximity and because of admiration of French art and culture. Numerous French words are commonly used in English. Many of them are related to the world of politics as French used to be the language of European diplomacy. A coup d état means a rebellion or a triumph. If you make a faux pas, you put your foot in it but if you re blasé, you don t worry about it much. Such words are often used in an ostentatious manner, to show off. A more everyday word is cul-de-sac which means a dead end: a street with only one entrance or exit. According to one web page, the international distress signal Mayday, mayday! that is used by aircraft and ships comes from the French m aidez help me. Another word with an interesting, seafaring history is posh, which is used to describe upperclass people in a rather negative way. In the past, when people sailed from Britain to India and other eastern parts of the British Empire, the port (left) side of the boat was preferred because it faced north and was shaded from the sun in the southern sky. In addition, it gave a view of the shoreline. On the return journey, the starboard (right) side of the ship was more comfortable. Wealthy passengers, who could afford to pay for these preferences, had their luggage marked posh - P.O.S.H. - Port Outwards, Starboard Home. 6. Vocabulary practice. Find words in the text which mean: 1. deep, important 2. closeness 3. difficulties / suffering 4. travel in a ship 5. related 6. not in the sun 7 land next to the sea 8. boast Página 4
9. nautical, related to the sea 10. rich 11. bags and suitcases VOCABULARY The office Computer Programme Word processor Printer To print Photocopier To photocopy To make photocopies Fax machine To send a fax to someone An e-mail To send an e-mail to someone To file Filing cabinet Ordenador Programa Procesador de textos Impresora Imprimir Fotocopiadora Fotocopiar Hacer fotocopias Fax Enviar un fax a alguien Correo electrónico Enviar un correo electrónico a alguien Archivar Archivo (habitación) Being polite Cheers Goodbye Welcome! Good luck! Good night Good evening Good afternoon Good morning How sorry I am! Congratulations Happy New Year! Happy Birthday! Merry Christmas! Thanks! See you tonight See you later See you (soon) Hallo, hello! Excuse me! Sorry! How do you do? How are you? How are things? A su/tu salud! Adiós! Bienvenido! Buena suerte! Buenas noches! Buenas noches! Buenas tardes! Buenos días! Cuánto lo siento! Felicidades! Feliz Año Nuevo! Feliz cumpleaños! Feliz Navidad! Gracias! Hasta la noche! Hasta luego! Hasta pronto! Hola! Perdón! Perdón! ; Lo siento! Cómo está usted? Cómo está/estás? Qué tal? And you? Y usted/tú? Farewell ; Adieu Adiós definitivo To thank Agradecer OK, okay Bien ; Vale ; Tirando Fine, thanks Bien, gracias Good intentions Buenos deseos Not at all De nada To apologize Disculparse Encantado de Pleased to meet you conocerle/te To shake hands with Estrechar la mano Let me introduce you Le presento a to Nice to see you Me alegro de verle/te Kindest regards Muchos recuerdos Very well Muy bien Please Por favor Fortunately Por fortuna To introduce Presentar Sir Señor Madam Señora Yes, please Sí, por favor SELF-EVALUATION EXERCISES Página 5
7. Grammar practice. Second conditional. Complete the sentences putting the verbs given in their correct form. 1. He (call) her if he (know) her phone number. 2. I (go) with you if I (not have) so much homework. 3. you (marry) him if he (asked) you? 4. It (be) more exciting if you (come) too. 5. If he (be) rich he (live) in Monte Carlo. 6. If I (have) more time I (study) Russian. 8. Grammar practice. Mixed conditionals. Match the two halves of the sentences. He won t arrive on time... She would tell me... They can t buy the house... He will bring the book tomorrow... They would go to live in the country... He would stop working......if he won the lottery....if they don t sell the old one....if their jobs weren t in the city.... if he doesn t hurry....if she knew the answer....if he remembers. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 9. Grammar practice. Complete the sentences using in case / provided / unless. Página 6
1. I m going to take my umbrella it rains. 2. You won t have any problems you do as I tell you. 3. We will arrive late for the concert you hurry. 4. John won t be able to finish his homework for tomorrow he stays up all night. 5. Don t leave your bicycle outside someone steals it. 6. Jill and Roger are going to buy a new house they can sell theirs for a good price. 7. I have made some sandwiches we get hungry on the trip. OPEN EXERCISES EVALUATION 10. Grammar practice. Complete the sentences using the second conditional. 1. Peter doesn t study hard so he doesn t get good marks. If Peter studied hard he 2. Anne doesn t like fish so she doesn t eat it. If Anne 3. They don t live near us so they don t come to visit very often. If they 4. George doesn t have a lot of money so he can t buy the new car. If George 5. Jane isn t very brave so she doesn t do adventure sports. If Jane 6. We have a lot of work so we can t go on holiday. If we 11. Grammar practice. Write sentences using the prompts in the first or second conditional as appropriate. 1. (sunny tomorrow) If it is sunny tomorrow I will Página 7
2. (meet the President of the USA) If I 3. (have time this weekend) If I 4. (own a plane) If I 5. (be famous) If I 12. Writing. Imagine you won a holiday to the USA for one month. Write about the things you would do there. Think about things you would visit/eat/take with you/buy while you were there. Página 8