Phosphorescent OLED Technologies: The Next Wave Plastic Electronics Conference Oct 9, 2012
UDC Company Focus IP innovator, technology developer, patent licensor and materials supplier for the rapidly growing OLED markets
Multiple High Growth Markets for OLEDs Today 2012+ Display 2012 / 2013+ Lighting Smart Phones / Tablet Energy efficiency Thin form factor Superior display aesthetics TV Energy efficiency Thin form factor Superior display aesthetics Wide viewing angle Perfect for 3D TV Energy efficiency Thin form factor Diffuse, pleasing light source Environmentally friendly 1
Strong OLED Display Market Drivers Lower Power Usage RED Phosphorescence reduces power consumption by 25% Add GREEN: 45% cumulative reduction Add BLUE: 74% cumulative reduction Enabled by PHOLEDs Superior Aesthetics Improved image quality Thinner form factor 180 degree viewing angle 1,000,000 : 1 contrast ratio TRUE BLACK Real-time video speeds excellent for 3D Self-emissive display On cell touch without sacrificing fill factor Flexible More Cost Effective Fewer manufacturing process steps Low cost bill-of-materials No backlight required No color filter required No liquid crystal required Reduced driver IC costs Enables non-glass substrates
Why OLED Lighting Energy efficient environmentally friendly Low drive voltage Low operating temperatures, cool to touch Long lifetime Highly desirable color quality Wide range of CCT, high CRI possible Color tunable Instant ON, Dimmable without flicker No glare, no noise Novel form factor Thin and lightweight Transparent Non-breakable, Flexible, Rollable.. Low cost potential Scaling advantage Roll to roll process advantage 2
Key Factors for OLED Market Expansion Flexible Lighting Power consumption PHOLED Materials integration Device and panel architecture Smart Phones Tablets / TV Commercialization Timeline Lifetime Materials integration Device and panel architecture Encapsulation Form factor Flexible Unbreakable Thin film barrier Manufacturability Low Cost Vacuum thermal evaporation Solution and vapor printing
Paths to Increase OLED Market - Efficiency Low Power Phosphorescence Impact: DISPLAYS: Enables lower power consumption than AMLCDs LIGHTING: Provides comparable efficiency to LED system
Need for Phosphorescence Phosphorescence enables greater energy efficiency 61% Aggregate Reduction Reduces requirements for heat dissipation components Increases lifetime Lowers product cost Note: Based on a 4.0 OLED display operating at 300 cd/m 2 with video (40% pixels on), and comparable LCD
Phosphorescent OLEDs enable OLED Lighting
UDC WOLED Performance
UDC White PHOLED 15 x 15 cm 2 Panel 70 lm/w Panel 15 cm x 15 cm At At 1,000 cd/m 2 3,000 cd/m 2 Efficacy [lm/w] 70 57 CRI 85 86 Luminous Emittance (LE) [lm/m 2 ] 2,580 7,740 Voltage [V] 3.8 4.3 EL Intensity [W/sr/m 2 ] 0.030 0.025 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength [nm] Duv 0.008 0.007 CCT [K] 3030 2880 Temperature [ C] 22.2 26.9 LT70 [hrs] 30,000 4,000 * LE defined within emissive area outline * 1.75x Efficacy Enhancement Cathode ETL BL Blue EML R:G EML HTL HIL ITO Non-stacked Simple Structure
UniversalPHOLED Product Line 0.35 0.15 0.20 0.10 0.30 EL Intensity [W/sr/m 2 ] 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength [nm] EL Intensity [W/sr/m 2 ] 0.10 + + = 0.05 0.00 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength [nm] EL Intensity [W/sr/m 2 ] 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength [nm] EL Intensity [W/sr/m 2 ] 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength [nm]
Paths to Increase OLED Market - Lifetime Lifetime 1.0 Device design: EML System co-host Stacked OLED Pixel architecture: W +CF +CCL RGB1B2 Impact: Luminance [arb. units] 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 Time [Hours] DISPLAYS: Enables competitive products, especially TVs LIGHTING: Provide comparable light output to fluorescent / LED fixtures Provide comparable lifetimes to LED systems
Co-Host EML System to Maximize Lifetime 14 PHOLED performance improvement using a multi component host EML 200 Increase [% over single host] 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 Green Red (+) HIL HTL Host Cohost Emitter BL ETL (-) 0 Efficiency [lm/w] Lifetime [h] UDC Mixed Host System first reported in early 2000 s Emitter focuses on emitting light Host system conducts the charges Power reduced Lifetime greatly extended
Stacked OLEDs: A Strategy for Longer Lifetime Cathode ETL BL Blue EML R:G EML HTL HIL ITO Cathode ETL BL R:G EML HTL HIL CGL ETL BL Blue EML HTL HIL ITO Cathode ETL BL Blue EML R:G EML HTL HIL CGL ETL BL Blue EML R:G EML HTL HIL ITO Single Stack PHOLED Only 6-7 organic layers Simpler to manufacture Excellent color stability with aging Stacked PHOLED or SOLED* Vertically stacking multiple OLED units Less current at same luminance Increases luminous efficiency Reduces resistive power losses Reduces heat generation Longer lifetime at same luminance * Shen et. al. Science, Vol. 276, No. 5321, June 1997
White PHOLED Pixel Performance: Stacked vs Single Power Efficacy Lifetime 20,000 At 3,000 cd/m 2 150,000 LT 70 at 3,000 cd/m 2 [h] 15,000 10,000 5,000 At 1,000 cd/m 2 100,000 50,000 LT 70 at 1,000 cd/m 2 [h] 0 B/RG SOLED RGB/RGB SOLED Single Unit WOLED 0 Stacked OLED provides ~ 2x lifetime improvement
RGB Color Display: Side-by-side vs. W+CF RGB side-by-side WOLED with CFs Cathode ETL Emitting Layer HTL Anodes White- Emitting Layer Color Filter Substrate Advantages High efficiency Superior Color Disadvantages Fine Metal Masks required Aperture limited by FMM Unpatterned OLEDs Aperture ratio High yield, low cost Lower energy efficiency: due to CFs Lower lifetime
Enhancing the RGBW Display Color Conversion Conventional Display White light is filtered by CF (2/3 of power is lost) New proposed Display Use CCL to convert white light to match CF e.g. convert green component to red before going through red CF CF R G B W CCL WOLED New configuration with Color Conversion Layers CCL could save 20% of display power White Balance Power (W) (1931 CIE point) RGBW RGBW+CCLs D65 (0.313, 0.324) 34.2 28.2 D90 (0.284, 0.292) 37.4 30.1 Simulation conditions: 32 inch, 360 cd/m 2, 40% Fill Factor, OLED TV
RGB1B2 Design for Low Power and Long Lifetime Relatively short-lifetime blue devices govern panel performance e.g. lifetime and power consumption Deep blue is only needed for limited images Add a light blue pixel to provide high efficiency and improved lifetime 1931 CIE y 0.8 NTSC R 0.7 NTSC G NTSC B 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 B1 B1 B2 B2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1931 CIE x AMOLED Power consumption ('09) 31.2% Pixel configuration R G B(2) B 31% 22% 47% 21.7% B R2 G 47.1% G B1 B2
Paths to Increase OLED Market: Manufacturing scalability Manfg scalability IJP/Nozzle printing OVJP Impact: Lower capital cost, White plus CF alternative for large area Lower power consumption Longer lifetime Lower product cost No CF
OLED architecture: VTE versus direct printing Direct Printing Solution, nozzle or vapor jet Vacuum Deposition (VTE) or Dry Printing Translation Inherent pixel definition Performances improving rapidly Under MP process development Needs high resolution patterning or color filters Highest OLED performance In mass production
P 2 OLED (S/C) LE and V Progress P 2 OLED Ink Operating Conditions: 1000 cd/m 2 with No Burn-In Efficiency and voltage approaching vacuum deposited PHOLED
Paths to Increase OLED Market Form Factor Form factor Thin Film Barrier Impact: Lower cost more displays per sheet and no dessicant or sealant Single layer enables very narrow bezel Enables flexible devices game changer!!!
Flexible WOLED Lighting Highly-Efficient PHOLED Large-Area Panel Design + + Universal Barrier Technology Cathode ETL BL Blue EML R:G EML HTL HIL Anode 5
What s Next? Long-Term OLED Roadmap Lighting Flexible Tablets / TV Smart Phones Today Commercialization Timeline Tomorrow Technology and Business Partnership Innovations Drive Meeting Today and Tomorrow s Commercial Specifications
Thank you.