CONTENTS List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Bibliography xix xxi xxvi xxix The Early Modern Period 640 JOHN SKELTON 663 Womanhod, Wanton 663 Lullay 664 Knolege, Aquayntance 665 Manerly Margery Mylk and Ale 666 Garland of Laurel 667 To Maystres Jane Blennerhasset 667 To Maystres Isabell Pennell 667 To Maystres Margaret Hussey 668 SIR THOMAS WYATT 669 The Long Love, That in My Thought Doth Harbor 670 h C OMPANION R EADING Petrarch, Sonnet 140 670 h Whoso List to Hunt 671 h C OMPANION R EADING Petrarch, Sonnet 190 671 h My Galley 672 They Flee from Me 672 Some Time I Fled the Fire 673 My Lute, Awake! 673 Tagus, Farewell 674 Forget Not Yet 674 Blame Not My Lute 675 Lucks, My Fair Falcon, and Your Fellows All 676 Stand Whoso List 676 Mine Own John Poyns 676 v
vi Contents HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY 679 Love That Doth Reign and Live within My Thought 679 Th Assyrians King, in Peace with Foul Desire 680 Set Me Whereas the Sun Doth Parch the Green 680 The Soote Season 680 Alas, So All Things Now Do Hold Their Peace 681 h C OMPANION R EADING Petrarch, Sonnet 164 681 h So Cruel Prison 682 London, Hast Thou Accused Me 683 Wyatt Resteth Here 685 My Radcliffe, When Thy Reckless Youth Offends 686 SIR THOMAS MORE 686 Utopia 687 PERSPECTIVES Government and Self-Government 756 WILLIAM TYNDALE 757 from The Obedience of a Christian Man 757 JUAN LUIS VIVES 758 from Instruction of a Christian Woman 758 SIR THOMAS ELYOT 759 from The Book Named the Governor 760 from The Defence of Good Women 761 JOHN PONET 762 from A Short Treatise of Political Power 762 JOHN FOXE 764 from The Book of Martyrs 765 RICHARD HOOKER 767 from The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity 767 JAMES I (JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND) 769 from The True Law of Free Monarchies 770 BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE 771 from The Book of the Courtier 772 ROGER ASCHAM 773 from The Schoolmaster 773 RICHARD MULCASTER 775 from The First Part of the Elementary 775 GEORGE GASCOIGNE 777 Seven Sonnets to Alexander Neville 777 Woodmanship 780
Contents vii EDMUND SPENSER 784 The Shepheardes Calender 785 October 785 THE FAERIE QUEENE 789 A Letter of the Authors 790 The First Booke of the Faerie Queene 793 The Second Booke of the Faerie Queene 934 Canto 12 934 Amoretti 954 1 ( Happy ye leaves when as those lilly hands ) 954 4 ( New yeare forth looking out of Janus gate ) 954 13 ( In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth ) 954 22 ( This holy season fit to fast and pray ) 955 62 ( The weary yeare his race now having run ) 955 65 ( The doubt which ye misdeeme, fayre love, is vaine ) 956 66 ( To all those happy blessings which ye have ) 956 68 ( Most glorious Lord of lyfe that on this day ) 956 75 ( One day I wrote her name upon the strand ) 957 Epithalamion 957 SIR PHILIP SIDNEY 967 The Apology for Poetry 969 * THE A POLOGY AND ITS TIME * The Art of Poetry 1001 Stephen Gosson from The School of Abuse 1002 George Puttenham from The Art of English Poesie 1003 George Gascoigne from Certain Notes of Instruction 1006 Samuel Daniel from A Defense of Rhyme 1008 The Arcadia 1009 Book 1 1009 Astrophil and Stella 1043 1 ( Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show ) 1043 7 ( When Nature made her chiefe worke, Stellas eyes ) 1043 9 ( Queene Vertues court, which some call Stellas face ) 1044 31 ( With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb st the skies ) 1044 39 ( Come sleep, O sleep, the certain knot of peace ) 1044 45 ( Stella oft sees the very face of woe ) 1045 60 ( When my good Angel guides me to the place ) 1045 71 ( Who will in fairest book of Nature know ) 1045 Fourth song ( Only joy, now here you are ) 1046 Eighth song ( In a grove most rich of shade ) 1047 106 ( O absent presence, Stella is not here ) 1050 108 ( When sorrow (using mine own fire s might) ) 1050
viii Contents ISABELLA WHITNEY 1051 I.W. To Her Unconstant Lover 1051 The Admonition by the Author 1055 A Careful Complaint by the Unfortunate Author 1058 The Manner of Her Will 1059 MARY HERBERT, COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE 1067 Even Now That Care 1067 To Thee Pure Sprite 1070 Psalm 71: In Te Domini Speravi ( On thee my trust is grounded ) 1072 h C OMPANION R EADING Miles Coverdale: Psalm 71 1075 h Psalm 121: Levavi Oculos ( Unto the hills, I now will bend ) 1075 The Doleful Lay of Clorinda 1076 ELIZABETH I 1078 Written with a Diamond on Her Window at Woodstock 1080 Written on a Wall at Woodstock 1080 The Doubt of Future Foes 1081 On Monsieur s Departure 1081 Psalm 13 ( Fools that true faith yet never had ) 1082 The Metres of Boethius s Consolation of Philosophy 1082 Book 1, No. 2 ( O in how headlong depth the drowned mind is dim ) 1082 Book 1, No. 7 ( Dim clouds ) 1083 Book 2, No. 3 ( In pool when Phoebus with reddy wain ) 1084 SPEECHES 1084 On Marriage 1084 On Mary, Queen of Scots 1085 On Mary s Execution 1088 To the English Troops at Tilbury, Facing the Spanish Armada 1090 The Golden Speech 1091 AEMILIA LANYER 1093 The Description of Cookham 1093 Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum 1098 To the Doubtful Reader 1098 To the Virtuous Reader 1098 [Invocation] 1099 [Against Beauty Without Virtue] 1100 [Pilate s Wife Apologizes for Eve] 1101 RICHARD BARNFIELD 1103 The Affectionate Shepherd 1104 Sonnets from Cynthia 1120
Contents ix 1 ( Sporting at fancy, setting light by love ) 1120 5 ( It is reported of fair Thetis son ) 1120 9 ( Diana (on a time) walking the wood ) 1121 11 ( Sighing, and sadly sitting by my love ) 1121 13 ( Speak, Echo, tell; how may I call my love? ) 1121 19 ( Ah no; nor I myself: though my pure love ) 1122 CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE 1123 The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 1124 h C OMPANION R EADING Sir Walter Raleigh: The Nymph s Reply to the Shepherd Hero and Leander 1125 The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus 1143 1124 h SIR WALTER RALEIGH 1191 Nature That Washed Her Hands in Milk 1192 To the Queen 1193 On the Life of Man 1194 The Author s Epitaph, Made by Himself 1194 As You Came from the Holy Land 1195 from The 21st and Last Book of the Ocean to Cynthia 1196 The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana 1201 from Epistle Dedicatory 1201 To the Reader 1203 [The Amazons] 1206 [The Orinoco] 1206 [The King of Aromaia] 1208 [The New World of Guiana] 1209 * THE DISCOVERY AND ITS TIME * Voyage Literature 1212 Arthur Barlow from The First Voyage Made to the Coasts of America 1212 Thomas Hariot from A Brief and True Report of the Newfound Land of Virginia 1217 René Laudonnière from A Notable History Containing Four Voyages Made to Florida 1220 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 1222 SONNETS 1225 1 ( From fairest creatures we desire increase ) 1225 12 ( When I do count the clock that tells the time ) 1226 15 ( When I consider every thing that grows ) 1226 18 ( Shall I compare thee to a summer s day ) 1226 20 ( A woman s face with Nature s own hand painted ) 1227
x Contents 29 ( When, in disgrace with fortune and men s eyes ) 1227 30 ( When to the sessions of sweet silent thought ) 1228 31 ( Thy bosom is endearèd with all hearts ) 1228 33 ( Full many a glorious morning have I seen ) 1228 35 ( No more be grieved at that which thou hast done ) 1229 55 ( Not marble nor the gilded monuments ) 1229 60 ( Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore ) 1229 71 ( No longer mourn for me when I am dead ) 1230 73 ( That time of year thou mayst in me behold ) 1230 80 ( O, how I faint when I of you do write ) 1230 86 ( Was it the proud full sail of his great verse ) 1231 87 ( Farewell! Thou art too dear for my possessing ) 1231 93 ( So shall I live, supposing thou art true ) 1232 94 ( They that have pow r to hurt, and will do none ) 1232 104 ( To me, fair friend, you never can be old ) 1232 106 ( When in the chronicle of wasted time ) 1233 107 ( Not mine own fears nor the prophetic soul ) 1233 116 ( Let me not to the marriage of true minds ) 1233 123 ( No, Time, thou shalt not boast that I do change ) 1234 124 ( If my dear love were but the child of state ) 1234 126 ( O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power ) 1235 128 ( How oft, when thou my music play st ) 1235 129 ( The expense of spirit in a waste of shame ) 1235 130 ( My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun ) 1236 138 ( When my love swears that she is made of truth ) 1236 144 ( Two loves I have, of comfort and despair ) 1237 152 ( In loving thee thou know st I am forsworn ) 1237 Twelfth Night; or, What You Will 1237 The Tempest 1292 h C OMPANION R EADINGS William Strachey: from A True Reportory of the Wrack and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, upon and from the Islands of the Bermudas 1345 Michel de Montaigne: from Of Cannibals 1353 h PERSPECTIVES England in the New World 1354 MICHAEL DRAYTON 1355 To the Virginian Voyage 1355 JOHN SMITH 1357 from General History of Virginia and the Summer Isles 1357 RICHARD FFRETHORNE 1363 Letter to His Father and Mother (March 20, April 2 and 3, 1623) 1363
Contents xi JOHN DONNE 1367 from A Sermon Preached to the Honorable Company of the Virginia Plantation 1367 WILLIAM BRADFORD 1371 from Of Plymouth Plantation 1372 MARY ROWLANDSON 1381 from A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson 1381 THE BAY PSALM BOOK 1397 Psalm 71 1398 Psalm 121 1400 JAMES REVEL 1400 from The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon s Sorrowful Account of His Fourteen Years Transportation at Virginia in America 1401 THOMAS DEKKER and THOMAS MIDDLETON 1406 The Roaring Girl; or, Moll Cut-Purse 1409 * THE R OARING G IRL AND ITS TIME * City Life 1477 Barnabe Riche from My Lady s Looking Glass 1480 Robert Greene from A Notable Discovery of Cosenage 1481 Thomas Dekker from Lantern and Candlelight 1482 Thomas Deloney from Thomas of Reading 1485 Thomas Nashe from Pierce Penniless 1491 King James I from A Counterblast to Tobacco 1494 PERSPECTIVES Tracts on Women and Gender 1496 DESIDERIUS ERASMUS 1497 from In Laude and Praise of Matrimony 1498 BARNABE RICHE 1499 from My Lady s Looking Glass 1499 MARGARET TYLER 1500 from Preface to The First Part of the Mirror of Princely Deeds 1501 JOSEPH SWETNAM 1502 from The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women 1503 RACHEL SPEGHT 1505 from A Muzzle for Melastomus 1506 ESTER SOWERNAM 1511 from Ester Hath Hanged Haman 1511 HIC MULIER AND HAEC-VIR 1514 from Hic Mulier; or, The Man-Woman 1515 from Haec-Vir; or, The Womanish-Man 1517
xii Contents THOMAS CAMPION 1522 My sweetest Lesbia, let us live and love 1523 There is a garden in her face 1524 Rose-cheeked Laura, come 1524 When thou must home to shades of underground 1524 Never weather-beaten sail more willing bent to shore 1525 MICHAEL DRAYTON 1525 To the Reader 1526 Sonnet 12 ( To nothing fitter can I thee compare ) 1527 Sonnet 61 ( Since there s no help, come let us kiss and part ) 1527 To His Coy Love, a Canzonet 1527 BEN JONSON 1528 The Alchemist 1530 On Something, That Walks Somewhere 1628 On My First Daughter 1628 To John Donne 1629 On My First Son 1629 Inviting a Friend to Supper 1629 To Penshurst 1630 Song to Celia 1632 Queen and Huntress 1633 To the Memory of My Beloved, the Author, Mr. William Shakespeare, and What He Hath Left Us 1633 To the Immortal Memory, and Friendship of that Noble Pair, Sir Lucius Cary and Sir H. Morison 1635 Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue 1638 JOHN DONNE 1647 The Good Morrow 1648 Song ( Go, and catch a falling star ) 1649 The Undertaking 1650 The Sun Rising 1650 The Indifferent 1651 The Canonization 1652 Air and Angels 1653 Break of Day 1653 A Valediction: of Weeping 1654 Love s Alchemy 1655 The Flea 1655 The Bait 1656 The Apparition 1656 A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 1657
Contents xiii The Ecstasy 1658 The Funeral 1660 The Relic 1660 Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed 1661 HOLY SONNETS 1662 1 ( As due by many titles I resign ) 1662 2 ( Oh my black soul! Now thou art summoned ) 1663 3 ( This is my play s last scene, here heavens appoint ) 1663 4 ( At the round earth s imagined corners, blow ) 1663 5 ( If poisonous minerals, and if that tree ) 1664 6 ( Death be not proud, though some have called thee ) 1664 7 ( Spit in my face ye Jews, and pierce my side ) 1664 8 ( Why are we by all creatures waited on? ) 1665 9 ( What if this present were the world s last night? ) 1665 10 ( Batter my heart, three-personed God; for, you ) 1666 11 ( Wilt thou love God, as he thee? Then digest ) 1666 12 ( Father, part of his double interest ) 1666 Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions 1667 [ For whom the bell tolls ] 1667 LADY MARY WROTH 1668 Pamphilia to Amphilanthus 1669 1 ( When night s black mantle could most darkness prove ) 1669 16 ( Am I thus conquered? Have I lost the powers ) 1669 17 ( Truly poor Night thou welcome art to me ) 1670 26 ( When everyone to pleasing pastime hies ) 1670 28. Song ( Sweetest love, return again ) 1670 39 ( Take heed mine eyes, how you your looks do cast ) 1671 40 ( False hope which feeds but to destroy, and spill ) 1671 48 ( If ever Love had force in human breast? ) 1672 68 ( My pain, still smothered in my grièved breast ) 1672 74. Song ( Love a child is ever crying ) 1672 A Crown of Sonnets Dedicated to Love 1673 77 ( In this strange labyrinth how shall I turn? ) 1673 83 ( How blessed be they then, who his favors prove ) 1673 103 ( My muse now happy, lay thyself to rest ) 1674 ROBERT HERRICK 1674 HESPERIDES 1675 The Argument of His Book 1675 To His Book 1675 Another ( To read my book the virgin shy ) 1675 Another ( Who with thy leaves shall wipe at need ) 1676
xiv Contents To the Sour Reader 1676 When He Would Have His Verses Read 1676 Delight in Disorder 1676 Corinna s Going A-Maying 1677 To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 1678 The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home 1679 His Prayer to Ben Jonson 1680 Upon Julia s Clothes 1680 Upon His Spaniel Tracie 1680 The Dream ( Me thought (last night) Love in an anger came ) 1681 The Dream ( By dream I saw one of the three ) 1681 The Vine 1681 The Vision 1682 Discontents in Devon 1682 To Dean-Bourne, a Rude River in Devon 1682 Upon Scobble: Epigram 1683 The Christian Militant 1683 To His Tomb-Maker 1683 Upon Himself Being Buried 1683 His Last Request to Julia 1683 The Pillar of Fame 1684 HIS NOBLE NUMBERS 1684 His Prayer for Absolution 1684 To His Sweet Saviour 1684 To God, on His Sickness 1685 GEORGE HERBERT 1685 The Altar 1686 Redemption 1686 Easter 1687 Easter Wings 1688 Affliction (1) 1688 Prayer (1) 1690 Jordan (1) 1690 Church Monuments 1691 The Windows 1691 Denial 1692 Virtue 1692 Man 1693 Jordan (2) 1694 Time 1694 The Collar 1695 The Pulley 1696 The Forerunners 1696 Love (3) 1697
Contents PERSPECTIVES Emblem, Style, and Metaphor 1699 GEOFFREY WHITNEY 1701 The Phoenix 1701 BEN JONSON 1702 from Timber, or Discoveries 1702 GIORDANO BRUNO 1706 from On the Composition of Images, Signs, and Ideas 1706 CONTE EMMANUELE TESAURO 1707 from Through the Lens of Aristotle 1708 RICHARD CRASHAW 1709 To the Noblest and Best of Ladies, the Countess of Denbigh 1710 xv RICHARD LOVELACE 1711 To Lucasta, Going to the Wars 1712 The Grasshopper 1712 To Althea, from Prison 1714 Love Made in the First Age: To Chloris 1714 HENRY VAUGHAN 1716 Regeneration 1717 The Retreat 1719 Silence, and Stealth of Days 1720 The World 1720 They Are All Gone into the World of Light! 1722 The Night 1723 ANDREW MARVELL 1724 The Coronet 1726 Bermudas 1726 The Nymph Complaining for the Death of Her Fawn 1727 To His Coy Mistress 1730 The Definition of Love 1731 The Mower Against Gardens 1732 The Mower s Song 1733 The Garden 1733 An Horatian Ode Upon Cromwell s Return from Ireland 1735 KATHERINE PHILIPS 1738 Friendship in Emblem, or the Seal 1739 Upon the Double Murder of King Charles 1741 On the Third of September, 1651 1742 To the Truly Noble, and Obliging Mrs. Anne Owen 1743
xvi Contents To Mrs. Mary Awbrey at Parting 1743 To My Excellent Lucasia, on Our Friendship 1745 The World 1745 The Development of English Prose 1747 FRANCIS BACON 1748 Of Truth 1749 Of Marriage and Single Life 1750 Of Superstition 1751 Of Plantations 1752 Of Studies [version of 1597] 1754 Of Studies [version of 1625] 1754 THE KING JAMES BIBLE 1755 Genesis 2 3 1756 LADY MARY WROTH 1758 from The Countess of Montgomery s Urania 1759 THOMAS HOBBES 1762 Leviathan 1763 Chapter 13. Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning their Felicity, and Misery 1763 SIR THOMAS BROWNE 1766 Religio Medici 1767 from Part 1 1767 ROBERT BURTON 1770 The Anatomy of Melancholy 1771 [The Utopia of Democritus] 1771 Division of the Body, Humors, Spirits 1777 PERSPECTIVES The Civil War, or The Wars of Three Kingdoms 1779 JOHN GAUDEN 1781 from Eikon Basilike 1782 JOHN MILTON 1784 from Eikonoklastes 1785 THE PETITION OF GENTLEWOMEN AND TRADESMEN S WIVES 1791 JOHN LILBURNE 1795 from England s New Chains Discovered 1796
Contents xvii OLIVER CROMWELL 1798 from Letters from Ireland 1799 JOHN O DWYER OF THE GLENN 1803 THE STORY OF ALEXANDER AGNEW; OR, JOCK OF BROAD SCOTLAND 1804 EDWARD HYDE, EARL OF CLARENDON 1806 from True Historical Narrative of the Rebellion 1807 JOHN MILTON 1810 L Allegro 1812 Il Penseroso 1815 Lycidas 1819 How Soon Hath Time 1824 On the New Forcers of Conscience Under the Long Parliament 1824 To the Lord General Cromwell 1825 On the Late Massacre in Piedmont 1825 When I Consider How My Light Is Spent 1826 Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint 1826 from Areopagitica 1827 PARADISE LOST 1836 Book 1 1837 Book 2 1856 from Book 3 1880 from Book 4 1893 from Book 5 1912 from Book 6 1922 from Book 7 1922 from Book 8 1924 Book 9 1934 from Book 10 1959 from Book 11 1978 from Book 12 1979 Samson Agonistes 1985 PERSPECTIVES Spiritual Self-Reckonings 2029 THE LADY FALKLAND: HER LIFE 2029 from The Lady Falkland: Her Life, by one of Her Daughters 2030 ANNA TRAPNEL 2037 from Anna Trapnel s Report and Plea 2037 ALICE THORNTON 2044 from Book of Remembrances 2044
xviii Contents RALPH JOSSELIN 2048 from Diary 2048 DANIEL DEFOE 2049 from The Life and Strange and Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner 2050 JOHN BUNYAN 2051 from The Pilgrim s Progress 2051 Political and Religious Orders 2061 Money, Weights, and Measures 2067 Literary and Cultural Terms 2069 Credits 2093 Index 2095