Referencing & Endnote Tâm C. Nguyen PhD Manager, Office for Research (Western Health) Honorary Senior Fellow, NorthWest Academic Centre Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Lynn Higgins Librarian (Western Health Library Service) WH Research Training Workshop 24.iv.2013
WH RESEARCH TRAINING WORKSHOP 2013 Date: Thursdays, 12:30-1:30pm Venue: Auditorium Western Centre for Health Research & Education Sunshine Hospital Workshop Topic Presenters Date Research Ethics & Governance Dr Tam Nguyen 14-Feb-13 Introduction to Clinical Research Dr Harin Karunajeewa 28-Feb-13 Evaluating the literature A/Professor Kerrie Sanders 14-Mar-13 Writing a research proposal Dr Lizzie Skinner 28-Mar-13 Beginners statistics: Study Design Professor Danny Liew 11-Apr-13 Referencing and EndNote Dr Tam Nguyen & Lynn Higgins 24-Apr-13 Mixed Methods: Quantitative & Qualitative Professor Terrence McCann 9-May-13 Using Excel for research Dr Lizzie Skinner 23-May-13 Making sense of your results Professor Danny Liew 6-Jun-13 Getting your work published Writing Abstract for Research Week/ Conferences A/Professor Kerrie Sanders 20-Jun-13
The importance of referencing A standardised way of acknowledging information and ideas gathered from other sources It is necessary to minimise plagiarism Enable readers to verify or follow up what you have written and how to find the cited work 3
Australian Research Ethics National Framework National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007) http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/e72.pdf Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2007) Research Integrity not research ethics, but an important document for your research http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/r39.pdf 4
MERIT AND INTEGRITY Genuine search for knowledge Based on literature, prior research and / or established problem Sufficient expertise and resources Any conflicts of interest addressed RESPECT FOR PERSONS Intrinsic value of humans, rather than resources Welfare, beliefs, perceptions, customs and cultural heritage Privacy, confidentiality & cultural sensitivities Honour assurances provided Respect the capacity for self determination PRINCIPLE OF ETHICAL CONDUCT National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007) BENEFICENCE Responsibility to minimise harms Not non-maleficence Not overstating the benefits Benefits must justify the risks Fair flow of benefits versus burdens Genuinely informed consent JUSTICE Fair selection and inclusion Distributive justice No unfair burden Fair flow of / access to benefits No exploitation Impact on prejudice and discrimination
Research Misconduct Research misconduct is constituted by a failure to comply with the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2007) & includes conduct in, or in connection with, research that is (a) dishonest, reckless or negligent and (b) seriously deviates from accepted standards within the scientific and scholarly community for proposing, conducting or reporting research. 1.the fabrication or falsification of data or results, 2.the use of another person's ideas, work or data without appropriate acknowledgement (plagiarism), 3.misleading ascription of authorship to a publication 4.failure to disclose conflicts of interest or cases where a conflict of interest might reasonably be perceived to exist, and 5.failure to obtain the required prior ethical or regulatory approval for the research project to proceed 6
Brief note on plagiarism Plagiarism is the act of representing as one's own original work the creative works of another, without appropriate acknowledgment of the author or source. (Creative works may include published and unpublished written documents, interpretations, computer software, designs, music, sounds, images, photographs, and ideas or ideological frameworks gained through working with another person or in a group. These works may be in print and/or electronic media.) UoM s Academic Honesty: http://academichonesty.unimelb.edu.au/plagiarism.html Accessed 17 April 2013 7
Examples of plagiarism Copying directly (or allowing to be copied) paragraphs, sentences, a single sentence or significant parts of a sentence. Copying ideas, concepts, research results, statistical tables, computer programs, designs, images, sounds or text or any combination of these; Paraphrasing of another's work closely, with minor changes but with the essential meaning, form and/or progression of ideas maintained; Relying on a specific idea or interpretation that is not one's own without identifying whose idea or interpretation it is; Cutting or pasting statements from multiple sources or piecing together work of others and representing them as original work; Presenting as independent, work done in collaboration with other people UoM s Academic Honesty: http://academichonesty.unimelb.edu.au/plagiarism.html Accessed 17 April 2013 Das N & Panjabi M Perspect Clin Res. 2011 Apr-Jun; 2(2): 67 71. 8
Self-plagiarism Plagiarism is theft. Self-plagiarism is stealing one s own work e.g Text book written by an author, if the author wants to use section of text in future books, needs to seek permission for reproducing from the copy right holder (if copy right has been transferred to publisher) Disclosure and transparency Duplicate or redundant publication Same study sample, control data, outcomes. Different order of authorship Large study slices into several smaller articles Das N & Panjabi M Perspect Clin Res. 2011 Apr-Jun; 2(2): 67 71. 9
What to reference? Journal article Book chapter Webpage Technical report Computer program or software (cited in Method section) Personal communication 10
When referencing is required Journal articles Grant applications Poster presentations Oral presentations Abstracts do not usually require references Others: Web pages, reports 11
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When referencing is required: Journal articles Choose references carefully Only include references that are pertinent to the background and interpretation of findings Be selective but analytical use important, relevant and credible citations Ensure there are some recent references Generally references are not cited in a Results Section 13
When referencing is required: Grant applications References are an important component of grant applications Be selective, analytical and current Follow grant guidelines for style requirements 14
When referencing is required: Poster / Oral presentations Ensure references are readable and informative on posters and slide presentations Limit to only a few key references Follow conference guidelines for style requirements 15
Referencing Styles Two main styles: author-date and numeric Harvard is a style of author-date Vancouver is a style of numeric Many variations of these two styles Check publishers Guide to Authors In text referencing guidelines Author date, numbers, superscript... Reference list style Alphabetical or numerical order as appeared in text 16
Reference list vs. Bibliography A reference list is a list of works cited in the text A bibliography includes references cited and not cited in the text, i.e. may include background material Footnotes are not usually used in scientific publications 17
Referencing and Endnote Lynn Higgins Western Health Library Service
Referencing Software Commercial software - example Endnote requires end user licence - Western Staff may need to buy their own - $330 AUD for current version. If you have an old version you have paid for, costs approx $180AUD to upgrade to latest version - Melbourne University Staff and Students can download a copy from the Melbourne University Library website version x6 - VUT staff / Students can borrow installation disk from Library to use on work / home computers. Version x5 Free Referencing Software - Zotero - It is free, open source reference management software 19
Advantages of using a Referencing software eg Endnote * Simple data entry either manually or importing references * creates a customised library of references * can attach pdfs / figures / tables / videos / sound files to your endnote Library * can use a web version or pc version or combination of both * Use Endnote Library to easily enter citations in a word document and compose a reference list no matter what referencing style * Easily change referencing styles on your article / draft submissions 20
Creating a new Endnote Library x6 * Open Create a new library dialog box * save the Library in the format: Filename.enl * if changing computers always make sure you copy both the.enl file and the.data file Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 21
What Endnote x6 looks like Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 22
Manually Adding References to Endnote 23
Manually adding references to endnote Select new reference Select what reference type eg journal article, book, website, thesis Type in reference details - each author on a separate line Do not format the data entered For corporate authors add a comma at the end of the name e.g. Western Health, Do not have to enter data in each field Useful fields are pdfs can add multiple, urls, Keywords, tables Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 24
Adding references via Google Scholar Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 25
Adding references from Google scholar import into endnote click open Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 26
Can import references from Melbourne university catalogue straight into Endnote Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 27
Select the references you want then copy references to your endnote library Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 28
Exporting references from Pubmed, Medline, Embase straight into Endnote * Perform a literature search in your preferred Database eg Pubmed (Endnote version x6 onwards) or medline / cinahl (Ebsco) * Select the references you wish to import into Endnote * with Pubmed click send to, select citation manager click create file will import directly into an open Endnote library * with Ebsco Cinahl or Medline, put selected references into your folder. Select export, then choose direct export into Endnote option, then click save Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 29
Can import references into endnote from databases which don t have direct import Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 30
Can search for full text either from WWW, your Library or add pdfs to references * Can search the internet and any freely available full text that matches references in your Endnote Library will be added to that reference * Can set up Endnote preferences with your home library s authentification urls to download pdfs from ejournals your Library subscribes too * add pdfs that you have already to either create a new citation or add to an existing citation in Endnote Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 31
Once references are in Endnote Manage your references using groups Groups are useful for large Endnote Library Can make custom groups manually add references Smart groups : automatically updated based on search critera eg smart group may be Any reference that has Chan as author and regression analysis in title. Any reference already in Endnote will go into the smartgroup. Any future reference added to the library will automatically go into that smart group. Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 32
Groups continued Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 33
Managing your Library Term lists Use term lists to store key words, eg Authors, Journal titles, Keywords. Useful if you are doing lots of manual data entry has auto complete function & improves accuracy of data entry Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 34
Searching your Library Can search with quick search or use more advanced options Can search the whole Library or parts of a Library Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 35
Using Endnote to write articles / PhDs * Word 2007 versions onwards have an endnote tab * Insert citations into your document * Can easily change referencing styles using the drop down style menu * Reference list automatically created by style you nominate Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 36
Removing or editing references when in word In a word document text references need to be removed from a document you can t just delete them Click inside the text reference so it goes grey On word Endnote tab, edit citation, edit reference then choose remove from drop down menu Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 37
Under Styles can choose some journal layouts Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 38
Under Tools there are some manuscript templates for journals i.e British Med J Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 39
More help. http://www.endnote.com/training/ -Online tutorials -Webinare classes (live) * University Libraries run tutorials * Western Health run both hands on and demonstration classes * Google and Youtube are great for quick how to Endnote [program]. Windows Version x6.0.1: Thomson Reuters, 2012 40