APA Style. What is Plagiarism?

APA Style What is Plagiarism? Azusa Pacific University/University College's (2017) definition of plagiarism is "the intentional or unintentional presentation in writing or orally of another person s work to include words, ideas, or any other information as one s own original work without providing proper credit as specified by the ethical code" (p. 23). Plagiarism means that you use someone else's words or ideas (or media) and fail to give credit to the author or creator. It means you are passing off someone else s words or ideas as your own. This is never acceptable and usually carries severe consequences in college and in the business world. Lack of knowledge of correct citations rules is not an acceptable excuse for plagiarism. If you use quotations, paraphrases or summaries from any sources, you must indicate which sentences have the words or ideas from sources by inserting an APA in-text citation and by listing the full source information in an APA Reference list at the end of your assignment. The following websites explain plagiarism: OWL: Avoiding Plagiarism Plagiarism.org Quotations, paraphrases or summaries APA Style APA Style is a method of formatting papers and citing sources used in the social sciences and created by the American Psychological Association. The current edition of the APA Publication Manual is 6th edition. We use the 6th edition of the APA Manual in this class. APA Resources Professor Matthes' APA Style Step-by-Step website: What is APA Style? How do I format my paper in APA Style? What does citing your sources mean? How to do In-text Citations How to do APA Reference Lists APA Checklists 1 Last update: 04/19/18

Other helpful APA websites are: APA.org Tutorials (Flash Videos) APA.org What's New in the 6th Edition? NU Online Library's APA Style Guide NU Online Library's APA Resources OWL APA Style APA Style for Electronic Sources OWL Tables and Figures 1 OWL Tables and Figures 2 In-text Citations The in-text citation is a short-cut version of the source information inserted directly into your paper at the exact point where a quotation, paraphrase or summary from the source is used. The in-text citation has two purposes: it briefly identifies the source (to prevent plagiarism), and it helps the reader find the full source information in the Reference list at the end of your paper. The in-text citation generally requires three pieces of information: the author's last name (or authors' last names if more than one author) the publication year the page number (or paragraph number when there is no page number) All three pieces are required for quotations; paraphrases and summaries do not require the page number. 2 Last update: 04/19/18

In-text citations have two formats: attribution and parenthetical. Two Types of In-text Citations Use Attribution in-text citation when you use the author s name in the actual sentence. The publication year comes right after the author's name, and the page number goes at the end of the quotation in parentheses. Author s last name (publication year) past tense verb, "Quotation = exact words from your source in quotation marks" (p. #). Hacker and Sommers (2015) stated, "Writing is a process of figuring out what you think, not a matter of recording already developed thoughts" (p. 3). OR Use Parenthetical in-text citations when you do not put the author's name in the sentence. All three pieces of information--the author's last name, publication year, and page #)--go at the end of the quotation, paraphrase or summary. "Quotation exact words from your source in quotation marks" (Author s last name, publication year, p. #). "Writing is a process of figuring out what you think, not a matter of recording already developed thoughts" (Hacker & Sommers, 2015, p. 3). No author, publication year or page number? If there is no author (common for websites), you use the abbreviated article title (first three words in quotation marks) instead: ("About CyberSleuthKids," 2008, p. 2). If there is no publication year (common for websites), you use n.d. (stands for no date): (Piskurich, n.d., p. 3). If there is no page number (common for websites), you use the paragraph number: (Piskurich, 2005, para. 3). 3 Last update: 04/19/18

When citing sources, past tense verbs should be used when the source information was published at a specific time in the past (this includes research studies, articles, textbooks, websites, etc.). In-text Citation Formats for Various Source Types One Author Attribution in-text citation: Smith (2009) stated quoted words (p. 5). Parenthetical in-text citation: Quoted words (Smith, 2009, p. 5). Use the author's name and publication year for all paraphrases and summaries throughout the paper; add the page number for quotations. Two Authors Attribution in-text citation: When stating the names of the two authors in the actual sentence, use the word and between the authors' name: Smith and Jones (2009) stated quoted words (p. 5). Parenthetical in-text citation: When using the parenthetical in-text citation, use the ampersand symbol (&) between the authors' name: Quoted words (Smith & Jones, 2009, p. 5). Both authors' names should be stated in all in-text citations throughout the paper. 4 Last update: 04/19/18

Three to Five Authors Attribution in-text citation: List all of the authors' last names in the sentence the first time you list the source: Jones, Smith, Doe, and Franks (2009) stated quoted words (p. 2). For subsequent uses of the source, list the first author's name and then et al. (not italicized and with a period after the al): Jones et al. (2009) stated Quoted words from source (p. 2). Parenthetical in-text citation: List all of the authors' names in the first parenthetical in-text citation: Quoted words from source (Jones, Smith, Doe, & Franks, 2009, p. 2). Use the et al. version in subsequent parenthetical in-text citations for that source: Quoted words from source (Jones et al., 2009, p. 2). Six or More Authors Attribution in-text citation: List only the first author's name and et al. in the sentence: Merriweather et al. (2008) stated, quoted words (p. 10). Parenthetical in-text citation: List only the first author's name and et al. in the parentheses: Quoted words from source (Merriweather et al., 2009, p. 1). 5 Last update: 04/19/18

Two or More Works by Same Author With the Same Publication year Attribution in-text citation: Use the lower case letters a, b, c with the publication year to indicate the different sources by the same author: Smith (2009a) stated quoted words (p. 5). Smith (2009b) stated quoted words (p. 7). Parenthetical in-text citation: Use the lower case letters a, b, c with the publication year to indicate the different sources by the same author: Quoted words (Smith, 2009a, p. 5). Quoted words (Smith, 2009b, p. 7). Authors With the Same Last Name Attribution in-text citation: Include the first initial of the authors with the same last names in the in-text citation: M. Jones (2009) stated quoted words (p. 5). I.T. Jones (2010) stated quoted words (p. 9). Parenthetical in-text citation: Include the first initial of the authors with the same last names in the in-text citation: Quoted words (M. Jones, 2009, p. 3). Quoted words (I.T. Jones, 2010, p. 9). Two or More Sources in the Same Parentheses Parenthetical in-text citation: Put sources in alphbetical order and separate them with a semi-colon: Quoted words (Jones, 2009, p. 3; Smith, 2010, p. 7). 6 Last update: 04/19/18

Corporation, Organization or Government Office Author State the name of the corporation, organization or government office as the author. Attribution in-text citation: The first time the source is cited, spell out the whole name and put the acronym in parentheses. For subsequent uses of that source, use the acronym for the author's name. First attribution in-text citation: The American Psychological Association (APA) (2009) stated "quoted words" (p. 5). Subsequent in-text citations: APA (2009) stated, "quoted words" (p. 4). Parenthetical in-text citation: The first time the source is cited, spell out the whole name and put the acronym in [square] brackets. For subsequent uses of that source, use the acronym for the author's name in the in-text citation. First in-text citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2009, p. 4). Subsequent in-text citations: (APA, 2009, p. 4). Classical Works A classical work does not get listed in the Reference list. Indicate the book, chapter, verse and edition in the text. Attribution in-text citation: In 1 Corinthians 13:4 (Revised Standard Version), it said, Love is patient, love is kind... Parenthetical in-text citation: Love is patience, love is kind... (1 Corinthians 13:4, Revised Standard Version). Dictionaries and Encyclopedias 7 Last update: 04/19/18

State the name of the dictionary or encyclopedia(and edition, if there is one) and the term being defined in the sentence. For example: Merriam-Webster Online defines the term "plagiarism" as "quoted definition words." See the Reference list section for how to list the dictionary or encyclopedia in a reference list. Motion Picture or Video Attribution in-text citation: State the producer's last name, the director's last name and the year film was made: Kennedy and Spielberg (1993) stated, quoted words. Parenthetical in-text citation: State the producer's last name, the director's last name and the year film was made: "Quoted words" (Kennedy & Spielberg, 1993). YouTube video (vidcast) Attribution in-text citation: State the author's last name or screen name and the year: Wesch (2008) stated, quoted words. Parenthetical in-text citation: State the author's last name or screen name and the year: "Quoted words" (Wesch, 2008). Audio Podcast 8 Last update: 04/19/18

Attribution in-text citation: State the author's last name and the year: Smith (2008) stated, quoted words. Parenthetical in-text citation: State the author's last name and the year: "Quoted words" (Smith, 2008). Images Images (clipart, photographs, etc.) are considered Figures in APA style. You cite them in-text by using the Figure caption. Use the link below to the OWL website, and scroll to the bottom of the page to see an example of a figure caption. See the Images section in the References section below to see how to list images in the reference list. OWL Tables and Figures 2 Personal Communication (interviews, e-mail, letters). Attribution in-text citation: If you state the name of communicator in the sentence, put the rest of the in-text citation in parentheses at the end: R. Smith said Quoted words (personal communication, October 31, 2009). Parenthetical in-text citation: If you don t state the communicator's name in the sentence (you put all of the information in the parentheses at the end of the sentence. Quoted words (R. Smith, personal communication, October 31, 2009). DO NOT include the source in the reference list. 9 Last update: 04/19/18

Reference List The Reference List provides only the sources that you have actually quoted, paraphrased or summarized in your paper and which have in-text citations. In-text citation and Reference List are linked to each other. You cannot have one without the other in your paper. The in-text citation is the short-cut version of the source and helps the reader find the full source information in the Reference List. A source should be listed only once in the Reference List even if you have several in-text citations for that source in your paper. To do the Reference list, you need to know: the source type the required information (formula) for that type of source the format for that information in APA style How to List the Textbook in a Reference List Reference Hacker, D., & Sommers, N. (2015). A writer's reference (8 th ed.). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. 10 Last update: 04/19/18

Reference List Format for Common Sources Book with one author Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year). Title (edition). Publisher's city, state: Publisher's name. Markel, M. (2015). Technical communication (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. Book with two authors Author's last name, initial(s), & Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year). Title (edition). Publisher's city, state: Publisher's name. Roblyer, M.D., & Doering, A.H. (2010). Integrating educational technology into teaching (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon/Pearson. Electronic version of a print book Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year). Title (edition). [Digital Publisher's Name]. Retrieved from URL. Roblyer, M.D., & Doering, A.H. (2010). Integrating educational technology into teaching (5th ed.). [Pearson CourseSmart]. Retrieved from http://www.coursesmart.com/9780135016305/chap01 For e-books E-books come in various formats such as Kindle, Adobe Digital Editions, and epub, they can be read on personal computers, mobile devices and e-readers (Kindle, Nook, etc.) or online via Google Books, NetLibrary, etc. Note: If the book was read on an online library site (such as Google Books, ebrary or NetLibrary) and NOT on an e-reader device, do not include the bracketed information about the e-reader version. For e-book without a doi 11 Last update: 04/19/18

Author, A. A. (Publication Year). Title of book [E-reader version, if applicable]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx Roblyer, M.D., & Doering, A.H. (2013). Integrating educational technology into teaching. (6th ed.). [Kindle version]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx For e-book with a doi Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book [E-reader version, if applicable]. doi:xxxxx Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. doi: 10.1036/0071393722 For a chapter in an edited e-book Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of book [E-reader version, if applicable] (pp. xxx xxx). Retrieved from http://xxxxx Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of book [E-reader version, if applicable] (pp. xxx xxx). doi:xxxxx Online journal article with DOI Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year). Article title. Journal title, volume #(issue #), page numbers. doi: # Jones, C. (2010). A new generation of learners? The net generation and digital natives. Learning, Media & Technology, 35(4), 365-368. doi: 10.1080/17439884.2010.531278 Online Journal article without DOI Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year). Article title. Journal title, volume #(issue #), page numbers. Retrieved from http://web address. Johnson, S. D., & Daugherty, J. (2008). Quality and characteristics of recent research in technology education. Journal of Technology Education, 20(1), 16-31. Retrieved from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/jte/v20n1/pdf/daugherty.pdf Article from an online library database 12 Last update: 04/19/18

If the article from the online database has a DOI number, use this model: Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue #), page numbers. doi: # Jones, C. (2010). A new generation of learners? The net generation and digital natives. Learning, Media & Technology, 35(3), 365-368. doi: 10.1080/17439884.2010.531278 If the article from the online database does NOT have a DOI number, use this model. You will have to go to the journal s website to get the web address: Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue #), page numbers. Retrieved from http://web address. Johnson, S. D., & Daugherty, J. (2008). Quality and characteristics of recent research in technology education. Journal of Technology Education, 20(1), 16-31. Retrieved from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu Nonperiodical web document, web page or report Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year). Title of document. Retrieved from http://web address Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Retrieved from http://www.elearnspace.org/articles/connectivism.htm Online Newspaper Article Author's last name, initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/ Bolle, S. (2010, November 28). Word Play: A picture's worth more than a thousand words. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-ca-word-play- 20101128,0,136918.story Online Magazine Article 13 Last update: 04/19/18

Author's last name, initial(s). (Year, Month). Title of article. Title of Magazine, volume #(issue #). Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/ Clay, R. A. (2010, May). Collaboration for education. Monitor on Psychology, 41(5). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/05/education.aspx Online Dictionary Title. (publication year). In dictionary name (edition, if listed). Retrieved from URL. Fallacy. (2013). In Merriam-Webster s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fallacy Blog Author's last name, initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of blog article. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/ Hargadon, S. (2008, March 4). Web 2.0 is the future of education. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.stevehargadon.com/2008/03/web-20-is-future-ofeducation.html Wikis Title of wiki article. (n.d.). Retrieved Month Day, Year from Wiki Site Name: URL. Wiki. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2011 from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikis NOTE: Wikis generally are authored collaboratively generally don't include the authors' names, and the information on the wiki can change at any time. Therefore, the authors' names and publication date are not listed. The retrieval date must be listed because the information can change on the wiki at any time, so the reader may need to know what date the wiki was viewed in case the information has changed since that date. Online Video Producer s last name, initial(s). (Producer). (publication year, month date). Video title. [Video file]. Retrieved from URL. 14 Last update: 04/19/18

Wesch, M. (Producer). (2007, January 31). Web 2.0... The machine is us/ing us. [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmp4nk0eoe. Format for an Electronic Image See OWL's APA section on Figures --"Preparing Figures" and "Captions and Figures" sections--to see how to list the information under the image. Captions replace the intext citation. Reference list: Author. (Role of Author). (Year image was created). Title of work [Type of work], Retrieved from URL Kulbis, M. (Photographer). (2006). Men pray [Photograph], Retrieved from http://accuweather.ap.org/cgi-bin/aplaunch.pl Format for an Electronic Image with no author See OWL's APA section on Figures --"Preparing Figures" and "Captions and Figures" sections--to see how to list the information under the image. Captions replace the intext citation. Reference list: Title of work. [Type of work]. (Year image was created). Retrieved from URL Japanese Geisha. [Photograph]. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.bergoiata.org/fe/divers28/10.htm Format for an Electronic Image with no author, title or date See OWL's APA section on Figures --"Preparing Figures" and "Captions and Figures" 15 Last update: 04/19/18

sections--to see how to list the information under the image. Captions replace the intext citation. Reference list: [Subject and type of work]. Retrieved from URL [Untitled photograph of a baby chimpanzee]. Retrieved from http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jdtr/struc/chimp3.htm Citing a Government Document Web Page Federal Government Agency Publication Sponsoring Agency. (publication year). Title. Retrieved from [URL] California State Board of Education. (n.d.). Curriculum frameworks. Retrieved from http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/fr/ Group Authors or No Authors Agency, associations, institutions, organizations and colleges may also be authors if there is no author byline (by John Smith) on the article, report or web page. The title of the organization goes in the author's place in the source listing. Full name of the organization should be used. If there is no author at all anywhere on the source or web page, move the article title to the author's spot in the source listing. DO NOT leave out the author's name and use the publication year as the first part of the source. Sources must be alphabetized by authors' last names or article titles if there is no author. Information from lectures or course materials in the classroom Author's last name, initial(s). (year). Title of lecture [PDF document]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: URL. OR Author's last name, initial(s). (year). Title of lecture [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from URL. 16 Last update: 04/19/18

Information used from a class chat Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year, month date). Chat posting. Retrieved month date, year, from school name, class name: class number website. Information used from a discussion board posting Author's last name, initial(s). (publication year, month date). Subject line of the message. [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from URL. Reference List Rules Reference List starts on a new page after an essay. Type the title References (if more than one source is listed) or Reference (if only one source is listed) and center it on the page. Do not underline, italicize or bold-face the Reference title or put it in quotation marks or ALL CAPS. Do not put the Reference title in a larger font size; it should be 12-point Times New Roman font. Do not put a colon after the Reference title. All authors cited with in-text citations in your assignment must appear in the Reference list. Author's name format: Last name, initial(s). Never use the authors' first names. If there is no author, put the title of the source first (in the author's place). Never start a source with the publication year. Use an ampersand (&) instead of the word "and" when listing multiple authors. Sources should be double spaced (line spacing). Sources should be in hanging indent style with no blank lines between the sources. Sources should be in alphabetical order by author's last name (or article title 17 Last update: 04/19/18

if no author). Do not number or bullet-point your sources. Each section of information is separated by periods. Pay close attention to punctuation of sources. Italicize book, journals (and their volume numbers), magazines and newspaper titles. CAPITALIZATION RULE FOR SOURCES: For book, article and website titles, capitalize the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle only; all other words have small letters, except for proper nouns and acronyms. Web links should not be active (blue, underlined and clickable) in the reference list. We no longer use the retrieval dates in 6 th edition APA style. Do not italicize or use quotation marks around article titles. Use the correct information, order of information, and punctuation for your source type - use the formula/template to guide you. 18 Last update: 04/19/18