EXERCISES 1) PASSIVE vs. ACTIVE 2) PAST SIMPLE vs. PAST PERFECT 3) REPORTED SPEECH 4) MUST/HAVE TO
Choose past simple or past perfect 1 Choose the past simple or the past perfect tense 1) We had already eaten when John (come) home.. 2) Last year Juan (pass) all his exams.. 3) When I (get) to the airport I discovered I had forgotten my passport.. 4) I went to the library, then I (buy) some milk and went home.. 5) I opened my handbag to find that I (forget) my credit card.. 6) When we (arrive) at the station, the train had already left. 7) We got home to find that someone (break) into the house.. 8) I opened the fridge to find that someone (eat) all my chocolate.. 9) I had known my husband for three years when we (get)married.. 10) Julie was very pleased to see that John (clean) the kitchen.. 11) It (rain) all summer, so the grass was completely dead.. 12) When he (arrive) at the party, Julie had just left.. 13) After arriving home, I realised I (buy) any milk.. 14) The laundry was wet - it (rain) while I was out. 5) William felt ill last night because he (eat) too many cakes..
16) Keiko (meet) William last September.. 17) First I tidied the flat, then I (sit) down and had a cup of coffee.. 18) John (play) the piano when he was a child, but he doesn't play now.. 19) When I opened the curtains the sun was shining and the ground was white. It (snow) during the night.. 20) When Julie got home from her holiday, the flat was a mess. John (have) a party.
Esercizi Trasforma le frasi al discorso indiretto. Attenzione al Backshift, al luogo, al tempo e ai pronomi. 1. Two weeks ago, he said, I visited this museum last week. Two weeks ago, he said that. 2. She claimed, I am the best for this job. She claimed that. 3. Last year, the minister said, The crisis will be overcome next year. Last year, the minister said that. 4. My riding teacher said, Nobody has ever fallen off a horse here. My riding teacher said that. 5. Last month, the boss explained, None of my co-workers has to work overtime now. Last month, the boss explained that. Riscrivi le domande al discorso indiretto. 1. She asked, What did he say? She asked. 2. He asked her, Do you want to dance? He asked her. 3. I asked him, How old are you? I asked him. 4. The tourists asked me, Can you show us the way? The tourists asked me. 5. The shop assistant asked the woman, Which jacket have you already tried on? The shop assistant asked the woman. Trasforma le esortazioni/richieste dal discorso diretto al discorso indiretto. 1. The passenger requested the taxi driver, Stop the car. The passenger requested the taxi driver. 2. The mother told her son, Don t be so loud. The mother told her son. 3. The policeman told us, Please keep moving. The policeman told us. 4. She told me, Don t worry. She told me.
5. The zookeeper told the children, Don t feed the animals. The zookeeper told the children.
43 Must/have to, mustn t/don t have to FREE from Grammar to go! 1 We use must when the speaker thinks it is necessary or important to do an action: You must go. (= It is important that you go.) We make negatives, questions and short answers like this: You mustn t go. Must you go? ~ Yes, I must. 2 We use have to to talk about an action that is necessary because of rules or laws, or because someone obliges us to do it: Doctors sometimes have to work on Sunday. (It is in the rules of their work.) We make negatives, questions and short answers with a form of do: Teachers don t have to work on Sunday. Do you have to work today? ~ No, I don t. 3 positive In positive sentences we can often use must and have to with little difference in meaning, because many things are important both because we think so and because there are rules: You must work hard in order to succeed (or you have to work ). 4 negative Note the difference in meaning between mustn t and don t have to. In negative sentences we often use mustn t to say that something is against the rules, or against the law: You mustn t smoke on buses. (Smoking is against the rules.) In football you mustn t touch the ball with your hands. (Touching the ball is against the rules.) We use don t have to to say that people are not obliged to do something: In Britain, people don t have to carry a passport with them. (= People are not obliged to carry one.) Nowadays pupils do not have to learn Latin at school. (= They are not obliged to learn it.) 5 questions In questions we usually use do/does have to (not must) to ask if something is obligatory or important: Does Michael have to get up early tomorrow? Do we have to wait here? Practice A The Stanton Squash Club has decided that it is important for all club members to do these things: wear sports shoes and clean clothes have a shower pay before you play finish on time But these things are not allowed: disturb other players eat or drink outside the bar take club balls home Put have to, don t have to or mustn t in the gaps. You don t have to wear white clothes, but you have to wear sports shoes. You mustn t disturb other players, but you don t have to be silent. 1 You finish on time, but you start on time. 2 You play with club balls, but if you do, you take them home. 3 You eat or drink outside the bar, but you buy your food in the bar if you don t want to. 4 You have a shower, and you wear clean clothes. PAGE 94 MODAL VERBS Oxford Practice Grammar Basic PHOTOCOPIABLE Oxford University Press 2008
B Look at the signs and complete the sentences with don t have to or mustn t. Grammar to go! FREE from ANTIQUES Please feel free to come in. (No eating inside.) You don t have to go in. You mustn t eat inside. Entry possible 30 minutes before the concert. No late arrivals allowed. 1 arrive half an hour early. 2 You arrive late. All vehicles slow. Drivers of large vehicles, wait for guard before crossing. 3 Small vehicles wait. 4 Drivers of large vehicles cross alone. STUDENTS! Please be quiet 4th-year exam in progress. 5 Students make a noise. 6 Third-year students take the exam. L I B R A RY No talking. Please leave books on tables. SWIMMING POOL Free swim today. No eating. No drinking. 7 You talk in the library. 8 You put the books back on the shelves. 9 Swimmers pay today. 10 Swimmers eat or drink by the pool. C Put the words in the box in the gaps. Don t add any other words. Does she have to has she has must mustn t have does she Mark: We ( ) have to get up early tomorrow. Bob: Why? Mark: Have you forgotten? Angela (1) to move to a new flat tomorrow, and I promised we would help her. Bob: (2) have to move out by a particular time? Mark: No, there s no rush. She doesn t (3) leave her old flat before the afternoon, but there are lots of things that (4) to pack, so we (5) get there fairly early. Bob: Why (6) have to move, by the way? Mark: She said that I (7) tell you because she wants to tell you herself, when she sees you tomorrow. MODAL VERBS PAGE 95 Oxford Practice Grammar Basic PHOTOCOPIABLE Oxford University Press 2008
TO HAVE TO / MUST Exercise 1: Match the pairs of sentences with the best meanings. A/ I must do my homework. 1/ Tomorrow I have an important test. r B/ I have to do my homework. 2/ I'm telling myself it's important. r A/ I must wear this new shirt for the party. 1/ I will look smarter. r B/ I have to wear a shirt and a tie to go in. 2/ It's the rule. r A/ I must have a drink of water. 1/ The doctor told me so. r B/ I have to drink lots of water. 2/ I'm really thirsty. r A/ We must go to London sometime. 1/ It's another business trip. r B/ I have to go to London. 2/ It would be really nice r A/ I must go and see the doctor. 1/ I have an appointment. r B/ I have to go to the doctor's. 2/ My back hurts now and then. r Exercise 2: Choose HAVE TO or MUST. 1. I'm tired. I have to / must go to bed early tonight. 2. This is a very good film. You have to / must see it. 3. Children have to / must go to school until the age of 15. 4. Mr Johnson has to / must stop smoking. The doctor said so! W. B. F. L. - www.ispilledthebeans.com -
TO HAVE TO / MUST Exercise 3: Complete with the correct form of HAVE TO or MUST. 1. I be home at one o' clock. Otherwise, my mother will kill me. 2. "You help me", said the mysterious woman to the detective. 3. The teacher said: "You do all exercises on page 20 in your Student's book." 4. I help my little brother more. My father said so. 5. Sonia take these medicines. The doctor said so! 6. They write lines as a punishment because they threw stones at my neighbour's cat. 7. I be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably take a taxi if I want to be on time. 8. He clean the classroom because he had been throwing papers on the ground. 9. You fill out the application form completely. If it has not been completely filled out you will be rejected and you will not be able to reapply at a later date. 10. "The rules be obeyed at all times!" shouted the headmaster. 11. "I go. Otherwise I'll miss my train." 12.Sorry, I can't come. I clean my room. I can't live in such a mess anymore. 13. While hiking in Alaska, you keep an eye out for bears. If you see one, don't approach it. They are beautiful animals; however, they are wild and unpredictable in nature. W. B. F. L. - www.ispilledthebeans.com -