Classical Time Period 1750-1825 Return to Greek ideas
General Characteristics Expanded middle class Conflict between classes Age of the enlightenment-used reason to reform society Patronage system-support for artists and musicians Improved human conditions (health)
Characteristics of Classical Artwork Beauty/elegant Seriousness of individual
Differences? Baroque Art Classical Art Painting by: Charles Joshua Chaplin (1825-1891)
Differences with Baroque and Classical Music Baroque Classical Melody Disjunct (leap) Disjunct and conjunct Harmony Major and minor tonality Modulation to closely related keys Rhythm Free rhythm, driving rhythms Mixture, not always driving Form Binary, Ternary, Ritornello, Fugue Sonata Allegro, Opera Texture Homophonic Homophonic
Instrumental forms used in the Classical Era Sonata Allegro- 1 st movement in a multi-movement piece Exposition Development Recapulation Concerto-Solo with accompaniment Theme and Variations-Melody, then melody altered.
Development of symphonic form Started as French and Italian overtures in Baroque New instruments were invented=larger orchestras and symphonies got longer
Development of the concerto Baroque= 3-4 soloists with bass and chordal accompaniment Classical= grew to soloist with orchestral accompaniment or large group
Requiem Mass for the dead Same thing as a funeral Composers wrote their own Requiem when they started to get ill. Mozart never finished his, a student finished it.
Absolute Musicality Music for the sake of music. The music doesn t relate to anything of the outside world.
Libretto Means Little book or story line The score of an opera
Patronage system Kings would own musicians and pay them for their music Musician had to play what the king wanted Good=you made $ Bad=no creativity
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Lived: January 27, 1756- December 5, 1791 Born in Salzburg, Austria Composed over 600 works Mastered the piano and violin as a child Started writing music at 5 years old Had a common funeral
Ludwig Van Beethoven Baptized December 17, 1770- died March 26, 1827. German composer and pianist Lost hearing in mid 1790 s Wrote about 200 works Had many health problems Frequently moved
Franz Joseph Haydn Lived: March 31, 1732- May 31, 1809 Born in Austria Friend of Mozart, teacher of Beethoven Perfected the Sonata form Known for a good sense of humor Composed 121 pieces of music
Beethoven and Mozart comparison chart Beethoven Mozart Wrote music for Kings Wrote for the common people Music was serious, sounded angry. Fewer notes, loud chords Music was light and playful, often reflected his noticeable laugh Constantly revised music Never edited music. Wrote it down perfectly
Famous Classical Composers Joseph Haydn b. March 31, 1732- d. May 31, 1809 Beethoven Baptized December 17 1770- d. March 26, 1827 Wolfgang Mozartb. January 27, 1756- d. December 5, 1791
The metronome Helps keep a steady beat Invented for Beethoven since he couldn t hear his music live All professional musicians use one to practice Now there are electronic ones
Strings Classical Guitar Woodwind Clarinet Brass Ophicleide Keyboard Piano Classical Instruments
Listening example 1 Composer: Joseph Haydn Title: Symphony No. 94 Surprise Date:1791 Texture: Homophonic Form: Sonata Allegro Additional Information: Also called surprise Symphony, 23 minutes long http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lljwkamp3li&sa fety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Listening Example 2 Composer: Ludwig Beethoven Title: 5 th Symphony Date: 1804-1808 Texture: Homophonic Form: Sonata Allegro Additional Information: Motive used in pop culture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4irmyue1hi& safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Listening example 3 Composer Amadeus Mozart Title: Symphony #40 in G minor Date: 1788 Texture: Homophonic Form: Theme and Variations Additional information: Often used as a ringtone http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjf4zffkoi&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_ mode=1
21) Which composer is your favorite or And why? most resembles you.