CUFPOS402A Information Technology for Production Week Three: (SD, HD, 2k/4k, 16mm, 35mm and Stereoscopic 3D) (DVD, Blue-Ray, BetaSP/DigiBeta, H2.64, internet streaming) Tutorial Apple Compressor Video file compression Standard Definition (SD) Video Mode Frame Size (px) Pixel per Image Scanning Type Frame Rate 576i (PAL) D1/DV PAL 720 x 576 414,720 Interlaced 25 fps 576p (PAL) 704x 576 405,504 Progressive 25 fps 480i(NTSC) DV NTSC 480i(NTSC) D1 720 x 480 345,600 Interlaced 29.97 fps 720 x 486 349,920 Interlaced 29.97 fps 480p(NTSC) 704 x 480 337,920 Progressive 29.97 fps 1
High Definition (HD) Video Mode Frame Size (px) Pixel per Image Scanning Type Frame Rate 720p 1280 x 720 921,600 Progressive 23.98/24/25/29.97/30/ 50/59.94/60 1080i 1920 x 1080 2,073,600 Interlaced 25(50fields/s) 29,97(59.94fields/s) 30(60fields/s) 1080p 1920 x 1080 2,073,600 Progressive 23.98/24/25/29.97/30/ 50/59.94/60 2k 2,048 x 1,536 3,145,728 Progressive 23.98/24/25/29.97/30 50/59.94/60/75/120 4k 4,096 x 3,072 12,582,912 Progressive 23.98/24/25/29.97/30 50/59.94/60/75/120 Film Film gauge is a physical property of film stock which defines its width. Traditionally the major film gauges in usage are 8 mm, 16 mm, 35 mm, and 65/70 mm (in this case 65 mm for the negative and 70 mm for the release print). There have been other historic gauges in the past, especially in the silent era, most notably 9.5 mm film, as well as a panoply of others ranging from 3 mm to 75 mm. System Aspect Ratio Standard 16mm 1.37:1 Super 16mm 1.65:1 Standard 35mm 1.37:1 Wide Screen 1.65:1 1.75:1 1.85:1 Anamorphic 2.35:1 2
To record moving pictures DVD-Video utilizes either MPEG-2 compression at up to 9.8 Mbit/s (9800 kbit/s) or MPEG-1 compression at up to 1.856 Mbit/s (1856 kbit/s). The following formats are allowed for MPEG-2 video: At 25 frame/s, interlaced 720 576 pixels (same resolution as D-1) 704 576 pixels 352 576 pixels At 29.97, interlaced 720 480 pixels (same resolution as D-1) 704 480 pixels 352 480 pixels 3
Audio: The audio data on a DVD movie can be PCM, DTS, MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (MP2), or Dolby Digital (AC-3) format. PCM: 48 khz or 96 khz sampling rate, 16 bit or 24 bit Linear PCM, 2 to 6 channels, up to 6144 kbit/s. N.B. 16-bit 48 khz 8 channel PCM is allowed by the DVD-Video specification but is not well-supported by authoring applications or players. AC-3: 48 khz sampling rate, 1 to 5.1 (6) channels, up to 448 kbit/s DTS: 48 khz or 96 khz sampling rate, 2 to 6.1 channels, Half Rate (768 kbit/s) or Full Rate (1536 kbit/s) MP2: 48 khz sampling rate, 1 to 7.1 channels, up to 912 kbit/s 4
Blue-Ray Format For video, all players are required to support MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264/MPEG-4, and SMPTE VC-1. MPEG-2 is the codec used on regular DVDs, which allows backwards compatibility. MPEG-4 was developed by MPEG, Sony, VCEG. VC-1 is a codec that was mainly developed by Microsoft. BD-ROM titles with video must store video using one of the three mandatory codecs; multiple codecs on a single title are allowed. 5
Internet Streaming Streaming media are multimedia that are constantly received by, and normally presented to, an end-user while being delivered by a streaming provider. Common Streaming File Format Windows Media(WMV) Real Media(RM) Quicktime(mov) MPEG-4(mp4) Flash(FLV) 6
Internet Streaming Streaming media are multimedia that are constantly received by, and normally presented to, an end-user while being delivered by a streaming provider. Common Streaming File Format Windows Media(WMV) Real Media(RM) Quicktime(mov) MPEG-4(mp4) Flash(FLV) Internet Streaming storage size (in megabytes) = length (in seconds) bit rate (in bit/s) / (8 1024 1024) Examples: One hour of video encoded at 300 kbit/s (this is a typical broadband video in 2005 and it is usually encoded in a 320 240 pixels window size) will be: (3,600 s 300,000 bit/s) / (8 1024 1024) give around 128 Megabytes of storage. 7