STD. X MY ENGLISH COURSEBOOK

Written as per the latest syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. STD. X MY ENGLISH COURSEBOOK Salient Features Written as per the new syllabus Exhaustive content coverage in Extract based format Includes Glossary, Summary and Paraphrases in English and Marathi Covers Separate Sections on Language Study (Grammar + Vocabulary) Covers answers to all Textual Questions (modified at places to suit the activity based format) Includes Additional Questions for practice Includes Separate Sections on Live English, Translation and Unseen Passages Covers Writing Skills with guidelines explained in English and Marathi Model Question Papers for self-evaluation This book comprises of QR Codes at strategic touch points. You can simply scan this Code through your Smartphone camera and get a plethora of subject knowledge at your disposal. The QR Codes included herein would take you to videos that shall provide you a better understanding of the Poems, Syllabus as well as Paper Pattern. We hope students would maximize the use of this book with the aid of these videos. Printed at: India Printing Works, Mumbai Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher. TEID: 12551_JUP P.O. No. 108982

No. TOPIC NAME Page No. UNIT ONE Let s Retrospect 1 1.1 A Teenager s Prayer 2 1.2 An Encounter of a Special Kind 7 1.3 Basketful of Moonlight 20 1.4 Be SMART! 25 1.5 His First Flight 34 UNIT TWO 2.1 You Start Dying Slowly 45 2.2 The Boy who Broke The Bank 53 2.3 The Twins 68 2.4 An Epitome of Courage 74 2.5 Book Review Swami and Friends by R.K. Narayan 83 2.6 World Heritage 94 UNIT THREE 3.1 If 105 3.2 A Lesson in Life from A Beggar 115 3.3 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 130 3.4 Let s March! 136 3.5 The Alchemy of Nature 151 UNIT FOUR 4.1 The World is Mine 162 4.2 Bholi 170 4.3 O Captain! My Captain! 184 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom Mary Kom 193 4.5 Joan of Arc 204 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science And Humanity 215 UNSEEN PASSAGES 226 GRAMMAR 1 Parts of Speech 238 2 Articles 240 3 Prefix and Suffix 242 4 Modal Auxiliary 243 5 Subject and Predicate 245 6 Types of Sentences 246 7 Punctuation 248 8 Transformation of Sentences - I 250 9 Transformation of Sentences - II 252

10 Tenses 254 11 Direct and Indirect Speech 256 12 Active & Passive Voice 258 13 Question Tag 260 14 Gerunds, Participles and Infinitives 261 15 Clauses 263 16 Figures of Speech 265 17 Degrees of Comparison 268 LANGUAGE STUDY 1 Language Study I 270 2 Language Study II 272 WRITING SKILLS 1 Expand the Theme 274 2 Summary Writing 277 3 Letter Writing 280 4 Dialogue Writing 288 5 Speech Writing 291 6 Information Transfer 294 SKILL DEVELOPMENT Live English - I 297 Live English - II 298 Live English - III 299 Live English - IV 300 Translation 301 MODEL QUESTION PAPER Model Question Paper I 303 Model Question Paper II 309 Note: Textual questions are represented by * mark. Note: Modified textual questions are represented by # mark

Let s Retrospect Every lesson / poem begins with an opportunity to chat with your benchmate / group / classmates and even your teacher. No one can stop you from chatting about the topic given. The only rule is CHAT IN ENGLISH. It will improve your speaking / oral skills and boost your confidence in Spoken English and Conversation. So open your mouths and TALK! Let s make some meaningful noise in the class. *1. From the word-grid below pick out words related to Language Study (Grammar and Vocabulary) and write them against each of the clues. H M N O P R O N O U N Q O S A T R R V X L H O A M A D V E R B F B C U D O R J Q P X Y Z P E N G P T E H O K L M L G D P H I C B S I N G U L A R O C T K I H P I R B G E N L I L T M P O A R T F E E V I I P R I L K B I I S E R O C O M P L E X S Y N O N Y M V E R B i. I refer to only one noun ii. I qualify a noun iii. I say more about an action (verb) iv. I am a naming word v. I can replace a naming word vi. I accompany nouns / pronouns and show their relation with another word vii. I am a sentence with a subordinate clause viii. I am an Action or Being ix. I am attached before a word x. I sound the same but differ in spelling and meaning xi. I am a word having nearly the same meaning xii. I come before nouns to point out definite or indefinite Ans: H M N O P R O N O U N Q O S A T R R V X L H O A M A D V E R B F B C U D O R J Q P X Y Z P E N G P T E H O K L M L G D P H I C B S I N G U L A R O C T K I H P I R B G E N L I L T M P O A R T F E E V I I P R I L K B I I S E R O C O M P L E X S Y N O N Y M V E R B i. Singular ii. Adjective iii. Adverb iv. Noun v. Pronoun vi. Preposition vii. Complex viii. Verb ix. Prefix x. Homophone xi. Synonym xii. Articles 1

1.1 A Teenager s Prayer Glossary 2 2 Words Meanings darkened (adj) here, evil (³esLes DeLe&- ie[o DebOeeje ee / DebOekeÀejce³e) distress (n) great worry and strain (HeÀej $eeme, DeefleMe³e ef eblee) temptation (n) Paraphrase a strong wish to do something bad or wrong (ceesn) The poem A Teenager s Prayer, written by J. Morse highlights a teenager s wish about how he wants to lead his teenage life. The speaker, a teenager, expresses that he has to make important decisions about the path that he would take in life. The speaker is aware that one road leads to success while the other one, i.e. the path of evil, would lead him to distress. He urges God to help him keep his eyes open, so that he can see clearly and stand for the things that are righteous. The teenager wants to bring out his best qualities, resist temptations and stay healthy. He is sure that at the end of his teens, he would be pleased to have lived a good life, free of any vices or evils, with God s constant guidance. DeeMe³e SkeÀe efkeàmeesjje³eerve cegueeuee l³ee es efkeàmeesjje³eerve Dee³eg<³e keàmes peiee³e es Deens, ³eeyeeyele ³ee l³ee ³ee F íe pes. ceesme& ³eebveer A Teenager s Prayer ³ee keàefjelesle ceeb[u³ee Deensle. ³ee keàefjelesle keàjeer efkeàmeesjje³eerve ceguee ³ee YetefcekesÀletve yeesuele Deens. efkeàmeesjje³eerve cegueiee cncelees, YeeJeer Dee³eg<³ee ee ³eesi³e ceeie& efveje[c³eemeeþer cenlljee ee efvece&³e l³eeuee I³ee³e ee Deens. Dee³eg<³eele Heg{s peeleevee SkeÀ ceeie& l³eeuee ³eMee ³ee ceeiee&jej IesTve peef&ue, lej ogmeje ceeie& l³eeuee JeeF&ì cncepes e Ieesj ef ebles ³ee, $eemee ³ee ceeiee&jej IesTve peef&ue, ³ee eer l³eeuee peeceerje Deens. ³ee oesvner ceeiee HewkeÀer ³eesi³e lees ceeie& mhe<ì efomeejee, ³eesi³e efvece&³e Ieslee ³eeJee ³eemeeþer DeeHeues [esus GIe[s þsjeejesle, DeeHeu³eeuee ceeie&ome&ve keàjejes DeMeer ÒeeLe&vee lees HejcesMJejeuee keàjlees. efkeàmeesjje³eerve Dee³eg<³eele DeeHeu³eeceOeerue mejeexllece iegceeb es ÒekeÀìerkeÀjCe JneJes, ceesnejej efve³eb$ece þsjelee ³eeJes DeeefCe Deejesi³eHetCe& Dee³eg<³e peielee ³eeJes, DeMee F íe l³eeves J³ekeÌle kesàu³ee Deensle. HejcesMJeje ³ee ceeie&ome&veecegus efkeàmeesjje³ee ³ee MesJeìer lees SkeÀ eebieues, meceeoeeveer, mejeexllece Dee³eg<³e peiesue, ogieg&ceebheemetve cegkeìle jenerue Demee l³eeuee þece efjemjeeme Deens. Warming Up! Let s Discuss *1. Form groups of five to six and discuss. Give a rating of 1 to 5, to each of the following. When you have to take important decisions what do you generally do? i. Consult parents / elders ii. Contact friends for advice iii. Pray to God for guidance iv. Think deeply in silence v. Ask your teacher for help vi. Toss a coin to decide [Students are expected to attempt the above question on their own.] Let s Begin *1. In poetry, very often, there are lines in which the poet seems to talk directly to an absent person, an abstract idea or thing / object. Such a tactic / device used by the poet is the Figure of Speech Apostrophe. e.g. Twinkle, twinkle little star Death! Where is thy sting? O Cave man! I wish I could live with you. Complete the following, creating examples of Apostrophe of your own. i. O, Life! How ii. Dear God, Please iii. Books! You are iv. Exams! I wish v. O, you beautiful sky

Ans: i. mysterious you are! ii. help me be humble and kind! iii. the most amazing friends I can ever have! iv. you could be easier! v. your vastness amazes me! A1. Simple Factual *1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct alternatives. i. According to the poet, are brought by each new day. (new beginnings / new endings) ii. iii. Extract I Extract Read the extract from line 1 to 20 on page 3 of your textbook and answer the following questions. [ Each day... next to me. ] We must decide to take the road which leads to (great distress / great success) The poet prays to the Lord to help him stand for what is (might / right) iv. The poet wants to see that his teenage years have been the years of his life. (worst / best) Ans: i. new beginnings ii. great success iii. right iv. best 2. State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the False statements. i. The poet says that others will choose his way. ii. The darkened road leads to great distress. iii. The poet wants God to help him. iv. The poet wants to indulge in temptations. Ans: i. False. The poet says that only he will choose his way. ii. True iii. True iv. False. The poet wants to resist temptations. A2. Complex Factual 1. Complete the sentences based on the extract. #i. The age-group of the speaker in the poem is #ii. Each day the speaker has to take decisions about iii. The poet makes a prayer to God to #iv. When faced with temptation, one should Chapter 1.1: A Teenager s Prayer #v. The speaker wishes for the company of #vi. The poet wishes to maintain his body by #vii. At the end of his teenage years the poet wishes to see Ans: i. that of a teenager ii. the path he / she must choose in life iii. guide him along the right path, resist temptations and to stay healthy iv. resist it and not give in to it v. God in the walk of life vi. keeping it clean and fit everyday, throughout his life vii. that he has lived his life well with God s guidance A3. Poetic Devices 1. Identify and explain the Figures of Speech in the following lines from the extract. i. Each day brings new beginnings, Ans: a. Alliteration The sound of the letter b b. Personification The day is given a human quality of bringing new beginnings ii. Decisions I must make. Ans: a. Alliteration The sound of the letter m b. Inversion The order of the words has been changed for poetic effect. The correct order should be I must make decisions. iii. The road that I will take. Ans: a. Alliteration The sound of the letter th b. Metaphor the decisions the speaker would have to take is indirectly compared to a road he / she would have to choose. iv. I can choose to take the road of life. Ans: a. Metaphor Here, the road to success is indirectly compared to the road of life. v. Or travel down the darkened road Ans: a. Alliteration The sound of the letter d b. Metaphor The path of life which leads to distress is indirectly compared to a darkened road. vi. Please open up my eyes, dear Lord, Ans: a. Apostrophe There is a direct address to God, who is actually not present there. 3

Std. X: My English Coursebook 4 b. Inversion The order of the words has been changed for poetic effect. The correct order should be Dear lord, please open up my eyes vii. That I might clearly see Ans: a. Inversion The order of the words has been changed for poetic effect. The correct order should be That I might see clearly viii. Bring out the best in me. Ans: a. Alliteration The sound of the letter b ix. When temptation comes my way, Ans: a. Personification Here, temptation has been given the human quality of coming one s way. x. And fit for life each day. Ans: a. Alliteration The sound of the letter f xi. I know that I will see Ans: a. Repetition The word I has been repeated for maintaining the rhythm of the poem. xii. That life is lived its very best Ans: a. Alliteration The sound of the letters i and l have been repeated for poetic effect. xiii. With you walking next to me. Ans: a. Alliteration The sound of the letter w *2. Find and write the pairs of rhyming words form the poem. i. ii. iii. iv. v. Ans: i. make take ii. success distress iii. see me iv. way day v. see me #3. Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct alternative. i. The rhyme scheme of the poem is A. aabb B. abcd C. abcb D. abba Ans: C. abcb Appreciation of the Poem *1. Read the poem. Write an appreciation of the poem in about 12 to 15 sentences with the help of the following points. Point Title Poet Rhyme Scheme Favourite line Theme / Central Idea Figures of Speech Special Features Type of poem, language, style, tone, implied meanings, etc. Why I like / dislike the poem Ans: Title Poet Point Rhyme Scheme A Teenager s Prayer J. Morse abcb Favourite line Help me stand for what is right, Bring out the best in me. Theme / Central Idea A teenager wishes to lead a good life with God by his / her side, at every moment of life. Figures of Speech Alliteration, Apostrophe, Inversion, Metaphor, Personification, Repetition Special Features Type of poem, language, style, tone, implied meanings, etc. Why I like / dislike the poem Simplicity in words. Direct address to God, hence it denotes a personal touch by the poet. Metaphors are used to express ideas. I like the poem for its simple language and the beautiful message that it conveys of striving to lead a good life by following the right path. [Note: Detailed explanation of the figures of speech in the poem are given under the header A3 of each extract]