CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY IN TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD TRANSLATED INTO INDONESIAN BY FEMMY SYAHRANI A THESIS BY: DEWI PUTRIANI SIREGAR REG. NO. : 110721023 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013
CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY IN TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD TRANSLATED INTO INDONESIAN BY FEMMY SYAHRANI A THESIS BY: DEWI PUTRIANI SIREGAR REG. NO. : 110721023 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M. S. Drs. H.Marzaini Manday, MSPD Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSIT OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Drs. H. Nurlela, M. Hum
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on July 31 st 2013 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP.19511013 197603 1 001 Board of Examiners Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Dr. H. Nurlela, M. Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph. D
AUTHOR DECLARATION I, DEWI PUTRIANI SIREGAR, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHEREOR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIE FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : July 31 st, 2013
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : DEWI PUTRIANI SIREGAR TITLE OF THESIS : CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY IN TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD TRANSLATED INTO INDONESIAN BY FEMMY SYAHRANI QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Signed : Date : July 31 st, 2013
ABSTRACT This study entitled Cultural Untranslatability in To Kill A Mockingbird Translated into Indonesian by Femmy Syahrani. It analyzes the translation of cultural untranslatability in the translation of Harper Lee s novel To Kill A Mockingbird translated into Indonesian by Femmy Syahrani. The data of this analysis are words/ phrases in To Kill A Mockingbird which contains cultural untranslatability. The objective of the study is to find out the type of translation techniques used by the translator in translating words/ phrases which contains cultural untranslatability in the novel. The type of the study is qualitative research. The data are analyzed use Newmark s theory on cultural category and translation techniques. The analysis found 65 words/ phrases belong to cultural untranslatability. The finding of this study showed that 31 words/ phrases translated through transference, 5 words/ phrases translated through naturalisation, 6 words/ phrases translated through cultural equivalent, 5 word translated through componential analysis, 3 words/ phrases traslated through throughtranslation, and 15 words/ phrases translated through couplets. Key words: culture, untranslatability, cultural untranslatability, literary translation
ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul Cultural Untranslatability in To Kill A Mockingbird Translated into Indonesian by Femmy Syahrani. Skripsi ini menganalisis penerjemahan ketakterjemahan budaya pada terjemahan novel To Kill A Mockingbird karya Harper Lee yang diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Femmy Syahrani. Data untuk kajian ini adalah kata atau frasa yang terdapat dalam terjemahan novel To Kill A Mockingbird yang mengandung ketakterjemahan budaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan tipe teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan oleh penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan kata-kata atau frasa yang mengandung ketakterjemahan budaya pada novel tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori kategori budaya dan teori teknik penerjemahan yang dikembangkan oleh Newmark. Dari analisis data ditemukan 65 kata/ frasa yang tergolong ke dalam kelompok ketakterjemahan budaya. Hasil dari analisa ini ditemukan 31 kata/ frase diterjemahkan dengan teknik transference, 5 kata/ frase diterjemahkan dengan teknik naturalisation, 6 kata/ frase diterjemahkan dengan teknik cultural equivalent, 5 kata/ frase diterjemahkan dengan teknik componential analysis, 3 kata/ frase diterjemahkan dengan teknik through-translation, dan 15 kata/ frase diterjemahkan dengan teknik couplets. Kata kunci: budaya, ketakterjemahan, ketakterjemahan budaya, terjemahan karya sastra
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God Allah SWT for blessing and giving me the opportunity, health, and ability to accomplish this thesis. Afterwards, shalawat and salam I deliver to the last Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us into the time of humanities. I would like to thank to Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies. Then, I would like to dedicate a deep gratitude to Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.A. as the Head of English Department and as the supervisor of this thesis, for the valuable time to give the correct and give constructive criticisms in completing this thesis. And I also would like to dedicate a deep gratitude to Drs. Marzaini Manday, MSPD as my co-supervisor for the valuable time to give the correct and give constructive criticisms in completing this thesis. Over the all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to all the lecturers of English Department for valuable guidance during the study process in Extension class. The most special thank is dedicated to my beloved parents, my father, Alm. Amir Husin Siregar and my my mother, Rum Aidaty ; to my elder briothers: Amrin, Kartono, Fajar, Bachtiar, and Irfan; and to my elder sister Elya Fitri. Thanks for loves, cares, advices, and motivations. Then, special thanks to all the class in extension program 2011 for the friendship during. Finally, I realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I welcome any constructive criticisms and suggestions towards to this thesis. Medan, July 31 st 2013 The writer, Dewi Putriani Siregar Reg. No. 110721023
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...i ABSTRAK ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...iii TABLE OF CONTENT...v LIST OF TABLES...ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study...1 1.2 Problems of the Study...4 1.3 Objectives of the Study...5 1.4 Scope of the Study...5 1.5 Significances of the Study...5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Translation...6 2.2 Translation as A Product...8 2.3 Cultural Implication in Translation...9 2.4 Cultural Categories...10 2.5 Literary Translation...12 2.5.1 Translating A novel 13 2.5.2 Covert and Overt Translation.14 2.6 Untranslatability...16
2.7 Cultural untranslatability...20 2.7.1 Classification of Cultural Untranslatability Proposed by Zhou Zhipei...21 2.7.2 Strategies in Dealing with Cultural Untranslatability...22 2.8 Relevant Studies...29 CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Design...31 3.2 Source of Data...32 3.3 Data Collection Procedure...33 3.4 Data Analysis...33 CHAPTER IV DESCRIPTION AND FINDING 4.1 Data Description...36 4.2 Finding...45 4.3 Discussion...60 4.3.1 Transference...60 4.3.1.1 Ecology...67 4.3.1.2 Material Culture...72 4.3.1.3 Social Culture...80 4.3.1.4 Organisations, Customs, Activities, Procedures, Concept Category...81
4.3.2 Naturalisation...86 4.3.2.1 Material Culture...88 4.3.2.2 Organisations, Customs, Activities, Procedures, Concept Category...89 4.3.3 Cultural Equivalent...92 4.3.3.1 Ecology...94 4.3.3.2 Material Culture...95 4.3.4 Componential Analysis...98 4.3.4.1 Ecology..100 4.3.4.2 Material Culture...103 4.3.5 Through-Translation...103 4.3.5.1 Ecology..104 4.3.5.2 Material Culture.105 4.3.6 Couplets.107 4.3.6.1 Ecology...112 4.3.1.2 Material Culture...115 4.3.1.3 Social Culture...118 4.3.1.4 Organisations, Customs, Activities, Procedures, Concept Category...119
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion...123 5.2 Suggestion...125 REFERENCES 126
LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Data Table 2 Finding Table 3 Transference Table 4 Naturalisation Table 5 Cultural Equivalent Table 6 Componential Analysis Table 7 Through-translation Table 8 Couplets