Developed in Consultation with Pennsylvania Educators

Developed in Consultation with Pennsylvania Educators

Table of Contents Table of Contents... PSSA Reading, Grade 3 Anchors or Standards Introduction...6 Assessment Anchors and Applicable Standards...7 Letter To the Student...9 Letter To the Family...10 To the Teacher...11 Pretest...13 Unit 1: Vocabulary Development...43 Chapter 1 Word Components...44 Lesson 1 Root Words 44 R3.A.1.2.1, R3.A.2.2.1, Lesson 2 Prefixes and Suffixes...49 Test Practice...54 Standard 1.1.3.C R3.A.1.2.1, R3.A.2.2.1 Chapter 2 Word Meanings...58 Lesson 3 Synonyms and Antonyms...58 Lesson 4 Homographs and Homophones...62 Lesson 5 Context Clues...67 Lesson 6 Content-Specific Words...71 Test Practice...74 R3.A.1.1.2 R3.A.1.1.1, R3.A.2.1.1, Standard 1.1.3.C R3.A.1.2.2, R3.A.2.2.2 R3.A.2.1.2 Unit 2: Literature Comprehension...79 Chapter 3 Types and Parts of Literature...80 Lesson 7 Types of Text...80 Lesson 8 Text Format...84 Lesson 9 Author's Purpose...89 Test Practice...93 R3.A.1.6.1, R3.A.2.6.1, Standard 1.1.3.A Standard 1.1.3.B R3.A.1.6.1, R3.A.2.6.1 Duplicating any part of this book is forbidden by law. 3

PSSA Coach, Assessment Anchors, Reading, Grade 3 Chapter 4 Elements of Literature...99 Lesson 10 Character...99 Lesson 11 Setting...103 Lesson 12 Plot...108 Lesson 13 Theme and Topic...112 Lesson 14 Figurative Language...116 Test Practice...119 R3.B.1.1.1 R3.B.1.1.1 R3.B.1.1.1 R3.A.1.4.1, R3.A.2.4.1, R3. A.1.5.1, R3.A.2.5.1 R3.B.2.1.1 Unit 3: Reading Poetry and Drama...127 Chapter 5 Poetry...128 Lesson 15 Patterns...128 Lesson 16 Rhyme...131 Lesson 17 Onomatopoeia...133 Test Practice...136 Chapter 6 Drama...140 Lesson 18 Dialogue...140 Lesson 19 Stage Directions...143 Lesson 20 Acts and Scenes...145 Test Practice...148 Standard 1.3.3.D Standard 1.3.3.C Standard 1.3.3.C R3.B.1.1.1, Standard 1.3.3.E R3.B.1.1.1, Standard 1.3.3.E R3.B.1.1.1, Standard 1.3.3.E Unit 4: Text Structures...153 Chapter 7 Telling Statements Apart...154 Lesson 21 Fact and Opinion...154 Lesson 22 Simile and Metaphor...159 Lesson 23 Comparison/Contrast...164 Test Practice...169 Chapter 8 How Books Work...175 Lesson 24 Cause and Effect...175 Lesson 25 Problem/Solution...178 Lesson 26 Sequence...181 Lesson 27 Headings...184 Lesson 28 Graphics and Charts...187 Test Practice...190 Chapter 9 Focused Reading...195 Lesson 29 Recognizing Stated Information...195 Lesson 30 Identifying Main Ideas...200 R3.B.3.1.1 Standard 1.3.3.C R3.B.1.2.1, R3.B.3.3.1 R3.B.3.3.1 R3.B.3.3.1 R3.B.3.3.1, R3.B.3.3.4 R3.B.3.3.2 R3.B.3.3.3 R3.A.1.4.1, R3.A.2.4.1 R3.A.1.5.1, R3.A.2.5.1, Standard 1.1.3.G 4 Duplicating any part of this book is forbidden by law.

Lesson 31 Bias...205 Test Practice...208 Chapter 10 Going Beyond the Book...213 Lesson 32 Using Prior Knowledge...213 Lesson 33 Making Inferences...216 Test Practice...219 R3.B.3.2.1 Standard 1.1.3.G R3.A.1.3.1, R3.A.2.3.1, Standard 1.1.3.G Unit 5: Mechanics...223 Chapter 11 Sentence Structure...224 Lesson 34 Subject-Verb Agreement...224 Lesson 35 Sentence Tense...227 Grammar Practice...232 Chapter 12 Sentence Components...235 Lesson 36 Pronouns...235 Lesson 37 Adjectives...238 Lesson 38 Adverbs...241 Lesson 39 Articles...244 Grammar Practice...246 Chapter 13 Shaping the Sentence...250 Lesson 40 Commas...250 Lesson 41 Periods...252 Lesson 42 Capitalization...254 Lesson 43 Spelling...257 Grammar Practice...261 Chapter 14 Forming a Paragraph...267 Topic Sentence...267 Supporting Sentences...270 Concluding Sentences...273 Paragraph Review: Short Answer...277 Practice Paragraph...279 Standard 1.5.3.B Posttest...283 Glossary...314 Scoring Rubric for Open-Ended Questions...316 Common Student Errors...317 Reading List...318 Duplicating any part of this book is forbidden by law. 5

Chapter 2: Word Meanings Anchor R3.A.1.2.2 Anchor R3.A.2.2.2 Define and/or apply how the meaning of words or phrases changes when using context clues given in explanatory sentences. Define and/or apply how the meaning of words or phrases changes when using context clues given in explanatory sentences. Lesson 5 Context Clues Context is the text around the word you are trying to figure out. When you use context clues, you think about how the word is used in the sentence or paragraph. Unit 1 When the firefighters arrived, the little campfire had grown into a blazing inferno. What is an inferno? If you do not know the meaning of this word, first look at the other words in the sentence. It begins like this: When the firefighters arrived What does this tell you? It tells you that firefighters were there. What do firefighters do? They fight fires. This tells you that the word inferno has something to do with fire. Now look at the second part of the sentence: the little campfire had grown into a blazing inferno A campfire is a small fire. The sentence says the campfire grew. The little fire became a bigger fire. You also read that the fire was blazing. That means it was very large and strong. Now, you can figure out that an inferno is a big, strong fire. Duplicating any part of this book is forbidden by law. 67

PSSA Coach, Assessment Anchors, Reading, Grade 3 THINKINGIt Read this short paragraph and then answer the question that follows. As he biked through the mountains, Lucas admired the brightly colored foliage. The reds, oranges, yellows, and browns looked so beautiful. Autumn was his favorite time of year. As used in this passage, what does the word foliage mean? Think about what things change colors outside in autumn. If you guess a word s meaning, try this test. Replace the word with your guess. Here s a sentence for you to try. The azure sky was beautiful. It was sunny out. There was not a cloud in sight. What does the word azure mean? The sentence tells you that the sky is azure. What does the sky look like when it is sunny and there are no clouds? On a day like this, the sky is usually blue. Try replacing azure with blue to see if the sentence still makes sense. The blue sky was beautiful. It was sunny out. There was not a cloud in sight. The word blue fits perfectly. Azure is another word for the color blue. 68 Duplicating any part of this book is forbidden by law.

Chapter 2: Word Meanings Example 1 Read this passage and then answer the questions that follow. Luis, Kevin, Jin, and Deka were playing hide and seek. Jin was it and everyone else was hiding. Jin shouted, Ready or not, here I come! She opened her eyes and began to look around. She thought she saw someone hiding over by the swings. She ran over that way, but slipped on some wet grass and fell. Ouch! she yelped when she hit the ground. The other kids came out to see if their friend was okay. What happened, Jin? Luis asked. Are you okay? Kevin wanted to know. I scraped my arm, Jin said. It hurts, but I think I am all right. We should clean the dirt off, Deka said. The girls went inside and Jin poured some cold water on her arm. That feels better, she said. The pain soon diminished. A little while later, they went back to their game. Unit 1 1a Read this sentence from the passage. Ouch! she yelped when she hit the ground. As used in the passage, what does the word yelped mean? looked around whispered laughed cried out What would you do if you fell and hurt yourself? 1b Read these sentences from the passage. That feels better, she said. The pain soon diminished. As used in the passage, what does the word diminished mean? got smaller got very bad changed color went away completely Jin said her arm felt better. This means that there was not as much pain. Duplicating any part of this book is forbidden by law. 69

Pretest Directions Read the story The Lucky Walk Home. Then do Numbers 43 through 47. The Lucky Walk Home by Bob Stevens Pretest M ost of Tuesday was boring, boring, boring. Until I walked home from school, that is. As I turned the corner of Smith and Greene, I saw a strange thing on the ground. It was blue, and furry-looking, and about three inches long. It had a chain on the end. I put it in my pocket, because I like to collect stuff. Then I kept on walking. A minute later, I found something else a dollar! It was right there on the ground in front of me. I looked around to see if it belonged to anyone. I asked Mr. Terry, who was always friendly, if it was his. Nope, not mine! he said. Today s your lucky day, kid! I put the dollar in my pocket and kept on walking. Then I came to the Newman house. I hated their dog. He always chased me and snarled at me. I peeked to see if he was there. Luckily, he was sleeping! I walked right past the house. I came up to the curb across the street from my house. Then the furry thing in my pocket made me itch. I stopped to scratch my leg. Just then, a bicycle sped around the corner! It was our neighbor, Tommy, on his new ten-speed. If I hadn t stopped to scratch my leg, he would have hit me! After the bike passed, I ran across the street. I told my father everything that happened. Let me see that furry thing you found, he told me. I handed it to him, and he smiled and said, No wonder you had so many good things happen to you. Do you know what this is? No, what is it? I asked. It s a lucky rabbit s foot! he said. Keep this in your pocket and you will always have good luck. Ever since that day, I carry it with me everywhere. It always gives me good luck. Go On Duplicating any part of this book is forbidden by law. 37

PSSA Coach, Assessment Anchors, Reading, Grade 3 Example 2 Read this passage and then answer the question that follows. Do you know where the American flag came from? A woman named Betsy Ross made it. Betsy was a seamstress. She sewed curtains and she made blankets. She even fixed rips in people s clothes for them. George Washington was President at that time. One day, he came to her house and asked her to make something for him. He wanted her to make a flag. She never made a flag before, but she was willing to try. She made a red, white, and blue flag with 13 stars and stripes. It was the first American flag ever. 2a Read this sentence from the passage. Betsy was a seamstress. What is a seamstress? someone who builds houses someone who teaches children someone who makes things out of cloth someone who cooks food Discuss your answer with your teacher or class. 70 Duplicating any part of this book is forbidden by law.