Module 8: OUR PRECIOUS EARTH New Vocabulary Module Page: global warming-acid rain-air pollution-endangered species-deforestationwater pollution 8a: WORLD WANDERS restoration-conserve-peaks-melting-due to-consider-sand dunes-bonesextinct animals-civilization-protect-source-goddess. 8b: SPECIAL BUILDINGS materials-recycled tyres-stone-wood-earth-bottles-bricks-mud-steel-cans-sandrocks-clay-waste-designed-generate-except-stored-released-filteredheating system-reused-alive. 8c: BORN FREE natural habitats-advantages-breed-educational-behaviour-drawbacksseperately-depend on-in the wild-survive Grammar a/an the We use the indefinite article a/an with singular nouns to refer to something not specific. EX: - There is a man outside. There is an animal in my house garden. We use the definite article the with singular or plural nouns. We use the with nouns which are unique like the Earth, the sun, the Pyramids. before the names of rivers(the Nile),seas (The Red Sea),mountains ranges (The Alps), deserts (The Sahara) and oceans (The Atlantic Ocean). We don t use the names of continents (Asia), cities/towns (Cairo), countries (Egypt), streets(oxford St.), mountains (Everest) an lakes (Lake Nasser) 17
The Passive Present Simple Form: Object + am,is,are + past participle + by + subject Ex: - People protect the endangered animals in many countries. (Active) The endangered animals are protected by people in many countries. (Passive) Past Simple Form: Object + was, were + past participle + by + subject Ex: - The Fire destroyed the building. (active) The building was destroyed by the fire. (passive) Present Perfect Form: Object + has/have been + past participle + by + subject Ex: - Nour has sent a post card to her friends. (active) A post card has been sent by Nour to her friends. (passive) Future simple Will Form: Object + will be + past participle + by + subject Ex: - The government will build a new bridge next year. (active) A new bridge will be built by the government next year. (passive) The Causative We use the causative to show that someone else does something for another. Form: - have + object + past participle Ex: - The teacher explains the lesson for Sami. Sami has the lesson explained. (The teacher does it) Ex: - Gray will go to the hairdresser to cut his hair. Gray will have his hair cut. (The hairdresser does it) Ex: - The painters painted the room for us yesterday. We had the room painted. (The painter did it) 18
Model Test on Module 8 A) - Vocabulary & Structure 1) - Underline the correct answer between brackets: 1-Pandas are types of (educated-recycled-endangered) species that may soon not exist. 2-We should do our best to (protect-generate-design) our precious earth from pollution. 3-Vehicles like lorries and trucks are made of (rock-stone-steel) to carry heavy loads. 4-Water (pollution-protection-extinction) is caused by throwing rubbish into the Nile. 5-Deserts are full of sand (systems-dunes-species) which are made by the wind. 6-The High Dam (designs-generates-wastes) most of the electricity consumed in Egypt. 7-Most of zoos in the world were founded to help endangered animals to (recyclesurvive-waste) 8-(Deforestation-Recycling-Civilization) is destroying large areas of rain forests in the world. 9-Burning substances such as coal cause (acid rain-heating system-deforestation) which poison fish and plants. 10-He was (stored-filtered-released) after spending ten years in the prison. 11-The company spent $ 10,000 on the (restoration-pollution-deforestation) of the new building that was damaged by fire. 12-Everyone must (store-conserve-generate) the public transport to be used for a long time. 13-Should we close all zoos and return animals to their natural (dunes-systems-habitats)? 14-(A-The-Some) Sahara is the largest desert in the world. 15-The Eiffel Tower (was designing-was designed-designed) by a of group clever engineers. 16-My father had his car (repairing-repair-repaired) last week. 17-A big library will (build-be built-building) in our city next year. 18-Pandas are (hunting-hunt-hunted) for their beautiful fur. 19-There is (the-a-any) bike outside. Is it yours? 20-Lunch has (been cooked-cooked-be cooked) since 2 o clock. 2) - Rewrite the following using the word(s) in brackets: 1-A big fire destroyed the whole factory two weeks ago. (The whole factory..) 2-My mother has bought some meat for lunch. (by) 3-My friends will arrange a picnic next weekend. (A picnic) 4-The baker is making a birthday cake for Frank. (Frank) 19
5-A lot of tourists visit the pyramids every year. (are visited) 6-The painter decorates the room for me. (I have ). 7-The farmers didn t grow cotton last year. (by).. 8-The architect designed a new house for my uncle a week ago. (My uncle).. 9-Clara doesn t watch scary movies at night. 20 (Scary movies) 10-I clean the kitchen for my mother every day. (My mother ).. B) - Language Functions 3-Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue Hani: I like your trousers (1)..? Sami: I bought them yesterday. Hani: They really fit you (2)....? Sami: Thanks. I got them from Zenith s. Hani: (3)? Sami: On the High Street next to the Computer Shop. Hani : (4)..? Sami: No, they only cost 80 pounds. Hani: That s a bargain. C) - Reading Comprehension 4) - Read the following passage then answer the questions: A gentleman once went out to shoot birds. But he could not hit anything. As he was returning home with an empty bag, he saw a farmer looking over a gate at a number of ducks swimming in the water. "What will you take for a shot at those ducks? Will twenty pounds be enough?" he said to the farmer. The farmer, after looking at him in surprise, took the money. The gentleman fired his gun at the ducks and six fell. As he was placing them in his bag, he said, I think I have bought them cheap". The farmer replied laughing" yes, but they are not mine!" The farmer was neither the guard nor the owner of the pool. He was a mere looker. A- Answer the following questions:
1- Why did the gentleman think that the farmer was the owner of the ducks? 2- What does the underlined word them refer to? B- Choose the correct answer: 3-The farmer lost.. a) six ducks. b) more than six ducks. c) nothing. 4- At last the gentleman returned with.. a) an empty bag. b) a bag full of birds. c) nothing but a gun D)- Writing 5) Write a paragraph of six sentences about A day on the beach : Guiding words:- (family - beach swim build castles umbrella windsurfing-nice ) 6-Supply the missing letters in the following words:- 1-Air pol_ution, a_id ra_n and def_restation are problems that threaten our world. 2-The Earthship was desi_ned by Mike Reynolds. It would gen_rate its own hea_ing. 7-Copy the following sentence in a good handwriting:- Acid rain poisons fish and plants. 21
Module 9: CHOICES New Vocabulary Module Page: Boutique-chemist s-department store-grocer s-fishmonger s-shopping mall-antiques shopstationer s-delicatessen-supermarket-optician. 9a: SHOPPING TIME be (am,is,are) after-persuading-appeal to-fit in with-effect-last-swap-recycled-sick of-donatepocket money-labels-charity shop-e card-match-suit -fit 9b: FOOD FOR THOUGHT Fruit-meat-vegetables-desserts-drinks-dairy products-seafood-poultry-youghurt-sugar-liveroranges-cereal-lobster-lettuce-mood-brain chemicals-school performance-mental booststeady source-stimulate-raise-contain-increase. 9c: BE THERE! -give permission (let somebody do something). -give somebody a ring (call on the phone). -give a talk (make a speech). give money (provide something for somebody). Grammar Nouns singular /plural Nouns usually take s in the plural: coat coats girl girls nouns ending in -s,-ss,-sh,-ch,-o take -es in the plural bus - buses / dress- dresses/ dish - dishes/ match matches/ tomato tomatoes but kangaroo kangaroos/ video videos/ piano pianos / hippo hippos nouns ending in a consonant + y drop the -y and add ies baby babies / lorry lorries / story stories / teddy teddies nouns ending in a vowel + y take -s in the plural boy boys / key keys / trolley trolleys / tray trays nouns ending in -f or -fe drop the -f or -fe and take -ves wolf wolves / loaf loaves / knife knives / wife wives but roof roofs Irrigulr plurals child children / man men / woman women / foot feet / tooth teeth / mouse mice goose geese / sheep sheep / fish fish / deer deer / person people 22
Nouns always in singular and followed by a singular verb mass nouns: butter, air, flour, water, smoke..etc. school subjects: maths, physics, chemistry, history etc. sports: billiards, tennis, football, golf, darts etc. food: cheese, bread, meat, salt, pepper..etc. languages: English, French, Spanish..etc. abstract nouns: knowledge, information, happiness, advice, love etc. other: accommodation, homework, hair, money, news, furniture, weather etc. Nouns always in the plural and followed by a plural verb nouns which represent a group of people or things: people, police, clothes..etc. objects consisting of two parts: trousers, jeans, socks, gloves, shorts, scissors, earrings, binoculars, glasses, pyjamas.etc. Countable/Uncountable nouns quantifiers -Countable nouns are nouns which we can count. They have a singular and a plural form. We put a/an before countable nouns in the singular (a hat an eagle.). -Uncountable nouns are nouns which we can t count. They only have a singular form (cheese, milk, gold, history, football, English, information.) Quantifiers a lot of / lots of / some are followed by countable / uncountable nouns in the affirmative sentences only. -She ate a lot of / lots of / some biscuits / meat yesterday. a few is followed by plural countable nouns in the affirmative sentence -There are a few girls in our class. a little is followed by uncountable nouns in the affirmative sentence -She drinks a little milk for breakfast every day. any / many / too many are followed by plural countable nouns in the negative and interrogative sentences. -He didn t have any / many / too many friends in his new school. -Do you have any / many / too many biscuits for the picnic? any / much / too much are followed by uncountable nouns in the negative and interrogative sentences. -We don t have any / much / too much time to finish the project. -Is there any / much/ too much cloth to finish all these shirts? How many / How much are used in the question. How many is used with countable nouns. How much is used with uncountable nouns. -How many cups of tea do you drink a day? -How much coffee do you drink a day? 23
Model Test on Module 9 A) - Vocabulary & Structure 1) - Underline the correct answer between brackets: 1-The doctor asked me to buy the medicines to my dad at the (grocer s-stationer s-chemist s). 2-My uncle (lasted-donated-designed) 10,000 pounds to buy the hospital s new equipment. 3-Oranges, apples and yoghurt are a (steady-silly-smelly) source of fuel to our body. 4-Sara bought some lobsters and shrimps at the (fishmonger s-optician s-grocer s) yesterday. 5-If you are bored of your old clothes, you can donate them to a (charity-pocket-dairy) shop. 6-(Charity-Dairy-dessert) products like yoghurt, cheese and butter are rich of protein. 7-Has the teacher given you a (ring-present-permission) to leave the class? 8-Mum went to the (stationer s-optician s-grocer s) to buy a new pair of sunglasses. 9-Smoking has a harmful (effect-defense-affect) on our health. 10-My father is very angry with me because my school (performance-permission-perfume) is very bad this year. 11-Chocolate raises the (sugar-salt-snow) levels in our body, so it can make us feel happier. 12-She went to the (grocer s-stationer s-chemist s) to buy pens and notebooks. 13-This programme was designed to (recycle-appeal-increase) mainly to the ten-year-old kids. 14-Dalia went to the dentist because her (tooth-teeth-feet) were hurting here. 15-Physics (is-are-were) one of the most difficult subjects in the secondary stage. 16-Has yoghurt got (some-much-many) protein? 17-This antiques shop has got (any-a lot of-much) valuable paintings. 18-How (much-any-many) stories have you read so far? 19-The blue jeans which I want to buy (was-are-is) very expensive. 20-Why did you bring all these chairs? There are (a little-a few-much) guests. 2) - Rewrite the following using the word(s) in brackets: 1-Look! a woman is putting her baby in a trolley. (are) 2-She met lots of tourists at the pyramids yesterday. (not) 3-Tom drinks a lot of milk for breakfast every day. (How) 4-There are some knives on the shelves next to the window. (is) 5-We didn t buy any eggs to make an omelette. (some) 6-We should drink two liters of water a day. (How). 24
7-A lady is buying a toy to her child. (are). 8-The reporter didn t tell us too much information about the accident. (lots..) 9-The key of the lorry is with the boy standing next to the man. (are) 10-I can t read any French words. (can) B) - Language Functions 3-Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue [Omar is speaking with Hind] Omar: (1)... Hind? Hind: Reading is my favourite hobby. Omar: What kind of books do you like to read? Hind: (2).... Omar: Are you interested in sea animals? Hind: Yes,....(3).. Omar: (4)...? Hind: I practice my hobby at the school library. C) - Reading Comprehension 4) - Read the following passage then answer the questions I took the eight pm train travelling to Luxor and Aswan. I was very happy because it was the first time to visit such a famous city like Luxor with all its ancient monuments. It was January but I didn't feel cold. Two hours later, I fell asleep on the sound of the noisy wheels of the train. I didn't get up until 7 o'clock the next morning. One of the passengers said, "There is one hour to arrive at Luxor station." I looked out of the window to enjoy the view of the River Nile, the sunrise, the clear sky that gave me a feeling of the most beautiful nature and the finest weather. Feeling a great comfort, I said, "Thanks for God for his gifts." A- Answer the following questions: 1- What is Luxor famous for?. 2- Why did the writer thank God?. 25
B- Choose the correct answer: 1- The wrier was travelling... a- alone b- with his parents c- with his son 2- The writer travelled in... a- spring b- winter c- summer D) - Writing 5) Write a paragraph of six sentences about A day on the beach : Sara Sally Guiding words: four friends went river under a story sandwich looking swimming nice time 6-Supply the missing letters in the following words:- 1-Foods affect the br_in che_icals that are responsible for the changes in our mo_d. 2-Opti_ian s, gr_cer s, fishmo_ger s and stat_oner s are different types of shops. 7-Copy the following sentence in a good handwriting:- Too much coffee can make you restless and irritable. Tom Ben 26