IoT Landscape Challenges and Solution Approaches Standardized platforms and architectures providing interoperability Presented by Joachim Koss ETSI STF 505-IoT Leader for Delta Technology Day: Internet of Things, Hørsholm, Denmark 30 August 2016
Acknowledgement The views expressed in this presentation are purely those of the author and may not, in any circumstances, be interpreted as stating an official position of ETSI and the Specialist Task Force on IoT (STF505). 2
Outline Setting the scene European Commission IoT involvement Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (AIOTI) ETSI Specialist Task Force on IoT (STF505) Technical Report on IoT standards landscape Technical Report on IoT standards gap analysis Take away 3
Devices of Daily Life 4
Internet of Things (IoT) Networked Devices (Physical Entities) 5
What for? Some Use Cases Source: sensinov 6
The Internet Evolution Source: [3] 7
What is a Thing? Definition of Thing 8 In the context of "Internet of Things" the word "thing" refers to a physical or virtual entity that exists and moves in space and time and is capable of being identified. It is not, in that respect, restricted to material things but can apply to virtual things and the events that are connected to them. Things are commonly identified either by assigned identification numbers, names and/or location addresses. In the context of Internet of Things a thing is defined as an entity which may have the following characteristics: - Physical, or - Non-physical, or - Virtual Such things may be associated with attributes which may be permanent or transient: together the thing and its attributes can be described as an object whose persona may change as the object travels through space and time (events). A thing may exist in more than one object at any time. Attributes may also be things either in other objects, or by taking over the role of thing in the object as the object travels through space and time (multiple personae).
The IoT Complexity 9
The IoT Deployment Deploying an IoT service today is a complex exercise and is not a mature business. So solutions, approaches and expertize are not consolidated IoT 10
Expectations from the IoT Less than 1% of objects are currently connected to the Internet The number of IoT connections within the EU is estimated to increase from approximately 1.8 million in 2013 to almost 6 billion in 2020, leading to the EU IoT market being higher than one trillion euros by 2020. Europe's future digital industrial strengths will depend on the capacity of its industry to seize the opportunities coming from the wider diffusion of digital innovation across sectors 11 Solving economic challenges Solving societal challenges Reducing consumption of resources and energy Increasing efficiency in processes Objects making decisions on their own to simplify our everyday life
Examples of Economic Benefits through IoT Barcelona's Energy-Saving Smart Streetlights: sensors are installed in streetlights, enabling automatic control of brightness by analysing the levels of noise, air pollution, and population density. Result: at least 30% energy savings per year UK s Intelligent Transport System that Reduces Traffic Congestion: UK built an responsive transport system on the M42 motorway and reduced travel time by 25% and traffic accidents by 50% In the Netherlands, IoT based solutions supporting health monitoring and independent living at home for people with multiple chronic conditions have demonstrated efficiency gains of care efforts of more than 20% 12
Major Challenges for the Implementation of the IoT Digital transformations are leading to radical changes in companies' roles and beneficiaries throughout the value chain Many companies are still cautious when it comes to the IoT implementation as it may involve radical structural changes and radical shift in value creation Lack of common standards and interoperable solutions throughout the products and services life cycles Interoperability will be essential for the deployment of the IoT and for ensuring seamless flow of data across sectors and value chains 13
European Commission The IoT Mandate Council Decision of 3 December 2013 (2013/743/EU), establishing the Specific Programme implementing Horizon 2020, states in 1.1.3 as part of the identified activities: "The objective is to reinforce the competitiveness of European industry in developing, mastering and shaping the next generation Internet that will gradually replace and surpass the current Web, fixed and mobile networks and service infrastructures, and enable the interconnection of trillions of devices across multiple operators and domains that will change the way we communicate, access and use knowledge" 14
IoT European Commission View The Internet of Things (IoT) is a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual "things' have identities, physical attributes and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces and are seamlessly integrated into the information network. The IoT starts from a connected device, while at the same time IoT is based on an architecture that recognises devices and organises their interactions 15
European Commission: Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe A functioning single market for the IoT is key for achieving a large uptake of the IoT in Europe (DSM Digital Single Market) Ensure that IoT devices and services are able to connect seamlessly and on a plug-and-play basis anywhere in the EU and scale up without obstacles through national borders Focused standardisation effort on the delivery of reference architectures in order to mastering all the key elements of the technology and value chain and their integration into horizontal platforms 16
Building Blocks of ICT Standard Setting Source: [1] 17
European Commission Goals and Actions Goal: Support the emergence of an eco-system capable of delivering the Internet of Things. Actions: Building of multidisciplinary communities (including start-ups) supporting a holistic platform usage approach; Research & Develoment and Innovation on technologies and architectures for the development of IoT ecosystems supporting versatile service and object connectivity platforms; Validation of IoT technologies and approaches through Large Scale innovation Pilots (LSPs); Identification of required standards in support of global deployments and interoperability. 18
Large Scale Pilots (LSPs) in Horizon 2020 Commission has created a dedicated Focus Area on IoT as part of its Work Programme 2016-17 under Horizon 2020 Invest more than 100 M in demand-driven Large Scale IoT Pilots and lighthouse initiatives in areas such as smart cities and homes, smart living environments for ageing well, driverless cars, wearables, agro-food or manufacturing LSPs will lead to technology integration and also to validation of business models and standards 19
Role of Standardisation Support the developers community accelerating the development of IoT Transfer the competition from integration and platforms to services unlocking the market Enable inter-technology and inter-domain data sharing generating new services and business opportunity Reduce costs Enlarge the market Enable real competition on services 20
IoT Standardisation Analysis Most of the relevant work on IoT related to standardisation has been analysed by the Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (AIOTI) on a high level by ETSI Specialist Task Force on IoT (STF505) on a detailed level 21
AIOTI The AIOTI was launched by the European Commission (EC) and various key IoT players in 2015. AIOTI is today the largest European IoT ecosystem. It was initiated in order to develop and support the dialogue and interaction among the IoT various players in Europe. The overall goal of the AlOTI is the creation of a dynamic European IoT ecosystem to unleash the potentials of the IoT The Alliance will also assist the EC in the preparation of future IoT research as well as innovation and standardisation policies 22
AIOTI Working Groups 23 WG01 Internet of Things Applications WG02 Innovation Ecosystems WG03 IoT Standardisation WG04 Policy Issues WG05 Smart living environment for ageing well WG06 Smart farming and food security WG07 Wearables WG08 Smart Cities WG09 Smart Mobility WG11 Smart Manufacturing
AIOTI Working Group 3 IoT Standardisation Within the AIOTI its WG03 (IoT standardization) is a focus point of European engagement and steering in the standardization process. 270 Members, 400+ subscribers on exploder list Liaisons with 30+ SSOs In collaboration with other AIOTI Working Groups and STFs: Maintaining a view on the landscape of IoT standards-relevant activities being driven by SDOs, Consortia, Alliances and OSS projects Providing a forum for analysis, discussion and alignment of strategic, crossdomain, technical themes and shared concerns across landscape activities Developing recommendations and guidelines addressing those concerns The AIOTI WG3 has provided 3 key documents (http://bit.ly/1gtzj5i) IoT High Level Architecture (HLA) that may be applicable to LSPs. The HLA takes into account existing SDOs and alliances on architecture specifications IoT Semantic interoperability recommendations for IoT LSPs IoT Landscape and IoT Large Scale Pilots Standard Framework Concepts, presenting the global dynamics and landscapes 24
AIOTI WG03 Engagement Model Source: [5] 25
IoT SDOs and Alliances Landscape Source: [4] 26
IoT SDOs and Alliances Landscape (Projection on Vertical and Horizontal Domains) Source: [4] 27
IoT Connectivity Range (extended) Native Low Power Wide-area Access NB-IoT, CIoT, etc. 3GPP Cellular (GSM/LTE) Device cost (low) Bitrate (low) Device cost (high) Bitrate (high) WLAN (e.g. 802.11) WPAN (e.g. 802.15.4, DECT ULE) Range (low) Source AIOTI, modified from an ALU contribution 28
IoT Cross-Domain Interoperability NICHE VERTICALS BROAD ADOPTION Low volumes, high ARPC, high TCO High volume, low ARPC, low TCO Devices and Applications are designed as stovepipes Devices dedicated for single application use Solutions are closed and not scalable: duplication of dedicated infrastructure High development & delivery cost 29 Devices and Applications are designed to collaborate across clouds Devices are used for multiple application purposes Devices and Applications offering continuously evolve Easy app development and device integration through APIs and standard interfaces
AIOTI High Level Architecture Functional Model, a three Layer Approach Source: [6] 30
AIOTI WG3 Future Focus in the IoT Space IoT Architecture Guidelines and recommendations which contribute to the consolidation of architectural frameworks, reference architectures, and architectural styles IoT Semantic Interoperability Guidelines and recommendations which contribute to the consolidation of semantic interoperability approaches IoT Privacy Guidelines and recommendations regarding personal data & personal data protection to the various categories of stakeholders 31
ETSI Specialist Task Force on IoT STF505 (https://portal.etsi.org/stf.aspx?tbid=595) is a group of experts, funded by the European Commission under the rolling plan on ICT standardization in collaboration with the European Multi-Stakeholder Platform (MSP) and supported by ETSI, commissioned to provide 32 an in-depth analysis of the current IoT standardization landscape an identification of the IoT standardization gaps and proposals on how to address them in standardisation to develop supporting references for the LSPs that will be funded by the Commission under the Horizon2020 IoT Focus Area and to foster dissemination work for the sustainable development of a global community of stakeholders involved in the standardization of IoT to point towards actions that allow for the building of IoT ecosystems
STF 505 - IoT Work Programme 33
Index of Technical Report on Landscape TR 103375 Introduction 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 4 Overview of the IoT Standards Landscape 5 A Proposed Enterprise View of the IoT Framework 6 Common Standards Across Vertical Domains 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 34 Introduction Communication and Connectivity Integration/Interoperability Application Infrastructure IoT Architecture Devices and Sensor Technology Security and Privacy Conclusion Smart Cities Landscape 8 Smart Living Landscape 9 Smart Farming Landscape 10 Smart Wearables Landscape 11 Smart Mobility Landscape 12 Smart Environment Landscape 13 Smart Manufacturing Landscape 14 Conclusions and Recommendations Annex A: List of SDOs involved in IoT Standardization 7
Essential Objectives of TR 103375 To analyse the status of current IoT standardisation (requirements, architecture, protocols, tests etc.) To assess the degree of industry and vertical market fragmentation To point towards actions that can increase the effectiveness of IoT standardisation, to improve interoperability, and to allow for the building of IoT ecosystems 35
Overview of the IoT Standards Landscape 36 Starting point: AIOTI report on IoT LSP Standard Framework Concepts This report provides several ways of visualising the landscape in order to simplify and facilitate the usage of the information in various IoT application domains. This report expands on the AIOTI work by looking at details of the relevant standards within the suggested AIOTI SDOs and more. The report also expands on the standards by reviewing the scope of each of the standards Benefit of analysing the standards landscape: to suggest reusing existing technology that can be used by the LSPs and also in so doing to identify any gaps that may be needed which is the objective of another TR in this study TR 103 376 Some of the standards apply to specific verticals and some apply across verticals. It s not the focus of this TR to repeat the information but to make the comparison clear and highlight its relevance to the particular vertical if applicable
Proposed Enterprise View of the IoT Framework Complexity with IoT comes from the fact that IoT intends to support a number of different applications covering a wide array of disciplines that are not all part of the ICT domain Many elements make up an IoT LSP. Its more than just the technology Other relevant areas to be taken into consideration as stakeholder views, regulatory aspects, which make up an enterprise view Approach of the TR: View the IoT framework as an enterprise architecture comprising of the many parts that make an IoT framework 37
Proposed Enterprise View of the IoT Framework 38 Contents of Enterprise View Architecture Reference Model which will consist of an IoT architecture integrating all components that make up an IoT system IoT domain which will hold the view of what make up an IoT Standards Information Database which is the main study of this TR to hold any relevant standards that can be used Reference Library which will hold any re-useable information that can be used across the pilots Governance Repository which will house any policies, regulations that applies to any LSP
AIOTI Knowledge Area 1/2 Communication and Connectivity knowledge area: Covers mainly specification of communication protocol layers, including PHY, MAC, NWK, Transport, Application layer, and their types, e.g. Wireless/Radio and Wire line Integration/Interoperability knowledge area: Covers mainly specification of common IoT features required to provide integration and interoperability Applications knowledge area: Covers the support of the applications lifecycle including development tools/models, deployment and management; including analytics, application supporting tools and application domain specific activities 39
AIOTI Knowledge Area 2/2 Infrastructure knowledge area: Covers aspects related to the design, deployment, and management of computational platforms tailored to support IoT-based applications IoT Architecture knowledge area: Covers integrated/complete IoT specification solutions, including architecture descriptions Devices and sensor technology knowledge area: Covers mainly device/sensor lifecycles, including operating systems, platforms, configuration management, sensor/actuators virtualization etc. Security and Privacy knowledge area: Covers security and privacy topics 40
Snap shot of Common Standards Across Vertical Domains - Connectivity SC: Smart Cities SL: Smart Living SF: Smart Farming W: Wearables SMo: Smart Mobility SE: Smart Environment SMa: Smart Manufacturing 41
Snap shot of Common Standards Across Vertical Domains-Devices and Sensor Technology 42
Proposed Recommendations There are many connectivity and interoperability standards and specifications that are not IoT-specific. What is missing is the choice across verticals for one solution that allows for interoperability Recommendation to the LSPs: to adopt same solutions across the verticals, at least as much as possible adopt interoperable solutions amongst the different LSPs. Encourage the large SDOs/SSOs to strengthen collaboration and cooperation Encourage the development of education and dissemination material of IoT standards and specifications Regularly organize "progress report" events to advertise the progress made with IoT standards, specifications and Open Source towards the IoT Service Customers 43
Index of Technical Report on Gap Analysis TR 103376 Introduction 1. Scope 2. References 3. Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 4. General Considerations 5. Gap Analysis in the context of Smart Cities 1. 2. 3. 4. 44 High level description and analysis Mapping of requirements and related standards coverage 1. Communication and Connectivity Knowledge Area 2. Integration/Interoperability KA 3. Application Management KA 4. Infrastructure KA 5. IoT Architecture KA 6. Devices and Sensor Technology KA 7. Security and Privacy KA Results of survey Consolidated view of the gaps 6. Gap Analysis in the context of Smart Living environments for ageing well 7. Gap Analysis in the context of Smart Farming and Food Security 8. Gap Analysis in the context of Wearables 9. Gap Analysis in the context of Smart Mobility 10. Gap Analysis in the context of Smart Environment 11. Gap Analysis in the context of Smart Manufacturing 12. Cross IoT Platform Interoperability and Harmonization 13 Conclusions Annex A: Annex B: Feedback from Brussels AIOTI Meeting on Nov. 2015 ETSI STF 505 Gap Analysis Survey
TR 103 376: Identification of Standards Gaps and Recommendations Nature of gaps Missing standards, missing APIs, duplications that would require harmonization, technical interoperability profiles that would clarify the use cases Classified as: technical, business or societal (Security and privacy being considered as societal) Gaps identification methodology Survey to obtain inputs from the standardization and stakeholders community 215 answers as of 30/06/2016 Three main parts: Identify the domain of activity of the respondent; Understand what his/her objectives and main area of work are; Ask her/him to define up to three gaps, either technological, societal or business-related. STF experts analysis to expand on the current standards landscape For each vertical, extract requirements from the AIOTI reports and other documentation Identify if SDOs/Alliances address the target requirement (using TR 103 375) Resolution of the gaps It is left to the proper organizations of the IoT community This is the aim of STF 505 dissemination 45
Survey Overview The survey is divided in three main parts: Domain of activity of the respondent: vertical domain, knowledge area; Areas of interests: objectives when using IoT, standards used Definition of up to three gaps, either technological, societal or businessrelated. 46
Overview of Answers 47
Overview of Answers (cont.) First gap 48 Second gap
TR 103 376: Identification of Security Gaps The Example of Smart Cities Input from the standardization and stakeholders community Captured by a survey (with over 200 answers as of 15/06/2016). 49
TR 103 376: Identification of Security Gaps The Example of Smart Cities 50 Expanded by STF 505 experts analysis on the current landscape
Take-Away (1) 51 IoT is an emerging technology that will connect objects/devices to the Internet based on a dynamic global network infrastructure with selfconfiguring capabilities IoT has innovation potential in many industrial sectors IoT has the potential to help address many societal challenges including climate change, resource and energy efficiency and ageing IoT landscape is currently fragmented EU needs an open platform approach based on open standards Commission will foster an interoperable environment for the Internet of Things, working with ESOs and international SDOs. This will develop consensus under the umbrella of the Alliance of IoT innovation (AIOTI), targeting reference architectures, protocols and interfaces, the promotion of open application programming interfaces (APIs), support of innovation activities related to reference implementations and experimentation and the development of missing interoperability standards
Take-Away (2) Diversity allows evolution and innovation: combination of services is the biggest opportunity for the future Fragmentation of solutions and technologies is delaying and blocking the developments Simplify the environment, removing the unnecessary duplicated solutions (economy of scale) Preserve the necessary/opportune solution specialization by interworking 52
Take-Away (3) 53
Take-Away (4) 54 Efficient use of underlying networks => lower connectivity cost Abstracting out complexity => lower development cost Sharing of components and infrastructure => lower investments Use of same technology as in other verticals => synergies => lower cost Focus on business logic rather then connectivity, security, buffering etc. Expansion into other business cases due to High Level Architecture (HLA) implementation based on standardized platforms with horizontal nature of common layers Reduction of fragmentation due to (see above) Interoperability will be essential for the deployment of the IoT and for ensuring seamless flow of data across sectors and value chains
Contact Details: Joachim Koss JK Consulting & Projects Email: jk-conpro@gmx.de Phone: +49 3379379092 Mobile: +49 15732100402
Sources [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 56 COM(2016) 176: Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the council the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions, ICT Standardisation Priorities for the Digital Single Market, Brussels, 19.04.2016 2016 IERC book - Digitising the Industry Internet of Things Connecting the Physical, Digital and Virtual Worlds, ISBN 978-87-93379-81-7 SWD(2016) 110/2 - Commission Staff Working Document, Advancing the Internet of Things in Europe, Brussels, 19.04.2016 IoT LSP Standard Framework Concepts, Release 2.6, AIOTI WG03 lot Standardisation AIOTI WG03 - IoT Standardisation Status report, AIOTI 3rd General Assembly, Berlin, 30 May 2016 AIOTI High Level Architecture, Workshop on "IoT Standardisation and Architecture, 04 November 2015, Brussels