Internet of Things: Networking Infrastructure for C.P.S. Wei Zhao University of Macau December 2012
Outline 1. Principles of IOT : What and how? 2. Realization of IOT : Framework and design 2
Principles of IOT : 3
Definition of IOT Does it make sense to network physical objects? 4
Definition of IOT Temperature sensor Electronic switch Relevant information of physical objects = status + control information IOT = integration of sensing, computation, and control 5
Principles of IOT : 6
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Before internet, did we have systems to connect information devices? Telegram Telephone Yes! Many, but all for special purposes!! 8
Legacy Systems of Special Purposes -- Vertical integration -- Telegram Network Broadcast Radio/TV Telephone / Fax Network 9
Why is the Internet better than those legacy systems? Web E-mail E-commerce Instant Communications Internet 10
Internet of Things: Integration of sensing, computation, and control Have these systems existed in the past? 11
Current Specialized IOT Smart Grid Traffic Control Environmental Protection Disaster Recovery Applications Network Sensors / Controllers 12
Vertically Integrated IOT: What is the problem? Smart Grid Traffic Control Environmental Protection Disaster Recovery Applications Network Sensors / Controllers 13
General Purpose IOT : How to network? Smart Grid Recovery Traffic Control Environmental Protection Natural Disaster Applications Network Internet of Things Sensors / Controllers 14
IOT: Networking relevant information of physical objects Applications IOT General protocols and horizontal networking Sensors / Controllers 15
Outline 1. Principles of IOT: What and how? 2. Realization of IOT: Framework and design 16
Proposal 1: Direct Use of Internet Applications IOT Internet Sensors / Controllers 17
Evaluation of Proposal 1 IOT Requirement Proposal 1 1. Real-time 2. Privacy 3. Embedded computing 4. Scalable 5. Low cost, quick start 6. Marketing and profitable 18
Evaluation of Proposal 1 IOT Requirement Proposal 1 1. Real-time Not good 2. Privacy Not good 3. Embedded computing Impossible 4. Scalable Good 5. Low cost, quick start Good 6. Marketing and profitable Not good 19
Proposal 2: Construction of a New Network Applications IOT New Network Sensors / Controllers 20
Evaluation of Proposal 2 IOT Requirement Proposal 1 Proposal 2 1. Real-time Not good 2. Privacy Not good 3. Embedded computing Impossible 4. Scalable Good 5. Low cost, quick start Good 6. Marketing and profitable Not good OVERALL EVALUATION Not feasible 21
Evaluation of Proposal 2 IOT Requirement Proposal 1 Proposal 2 1. Real-time Not good Possible 2. Privacy Not good Possible 3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible 4. Scalable Good Possible 5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult 6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible OVERALL EVALUATION Not feasible High risk! 22
Evaluation of Proposal 3: A Two-Layer System Applications IOT service Upper layer Communication service Lower layer Sensors / Controllers 23
Comparison of the three proposals IOT Requirement Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3 1. Real-time Not good Possible 2. Privacy Not good Possible 3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible 4. Scalable Good Possible 5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult 6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible OVERALL EVALUATION Not feasible High risk! 24
Comparison of the three proposals IOT Requirement Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3 1. Real-time Not good Possible Possible 2. Privacy Not good Possible Possible 3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible Possible 4. Scalable Good Possible Good 5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult Good 6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible Possible OVERALL EVALUATION Not feasible High risk! Feasible 25
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W-Internet Applications IOT service IOT Communication service Sensors / Controllers 27
IOT Service Layer: System Structure Search Service Naming Service Link Link Link Link Link Link Link Link Link Link Link 28
Control Handle Models Models IOT Service Layer: System Structure Image Ports of Physical Ports of World Physical Ports of Control World Physical Ports World to Members Local Processing Unit Search Service Ports of Physical Ports of World Physical Ports of World Physical Image Ports World Members Naming from Service Link Link Link Link Link Link Link Link Link Link Link 29
IOT Service Layer: Node Design Control Handle Models Models Image Local Processing Unit Ports of Physical Ports of World Physical Ports of World Control Physical Ports World to Members Ports of Physical Ports World of Physical Ports World of Physical Image World Ports from Members 30
IOT Service Layer: Node Design Command Listener Information Dissemination Integrated Control Model Command Execution Engine Cyber Control Engine Data Fusion Engine Fused Data Model Command Dissemination Data Acquisition 31
IOT Service Layer: Node Design Diagram Control Plane Control Data Data Plane Upstream Linkage Protocol Upstream Linkage Table Command Listener Information Dissemination Execution Rule Compiler Control Rule Compiler Fusion Rule Compiler Compiled Execution Rules Compiled Control Rules Compiled Fusion Rules Command Execution Engine Cyber Control Engine Data Fusion Engine Downstream Linkage Protocol Downstream Linkage Table Command Dissemination Data Acquisition 32
Summary 1. IOT integrates sensing, computation, and control within one infrastructure. 2. Many current specialized IOTs are vertically integrated. 3. We should develop an IOT with general protocols and horizontal networking 4. W-Internet is a proposed solution. Status: * First version of protocols developed * Trial applications being tested * International connections are planned 33
Challenges Implementation of an effective link management Design and promotion of general protocols Realization of model-driven embedded computing Innovative naming and search mechanisms Exploration of alternative, lower-layer communication mechanisms Legal concerns on data collection and usage 34
Key Points for Investment Decision A specialized IOT that is vertically integrated? Or a real IOT that is universally applicable? How to solve real-time and privacy issues? Embedded computing? Scalable? How to assure low cost, quick start in order to make it marketable and profitable? 36