Saint Francis High School

Saint Francis High School Citation Guide for Research (MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7 th ed. New York: MLA, 2009. Print.) The following information is a quick reference guide to the MLA style format for only the most commonly used materials. For more details and examples, use the 7 th Edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers which can be accessed at the library circulation desk. There are two parts to the MLA style with regards to citation: 1. Works Cited (at the end of the paper as new page) 2. Parenthetical Citation (within the text of the paper) The Wo rks Cited Page The Works Cited page should be double spaced and the second line of each entry should begin with a hanging indent. To get this in MS Word: o Select all text and then right-click. o From the pop-up menu, select Paragraph. o To double-space the text, under Spacing, Line Spacing, select Double. o To add a hanging indent, under Indentation, Special, select Hanging. This indents the lower lines of each entry 0.5 from the left. Alphabetize each entry by author s last name. If you have multiple works by the same writer, only type his/her name once; under the next entry, mark the name as ---. (three hyphens followed by a period). If the author is unknown, then simply omit it and begin the entry with the title (omit definite and indefinite articles that start title). Information required for your Works Cited: Author (see table at right) Title Year of Publication Place of Publication Volume Number Edition Pages Date of Access Author/Editor Name Variations When listing the author(s) of a source, a number of general rules should be followed across all publication formats. In general, author last names are listed, followed by their first name, and middle initial. Use name(s) on title page of book or article. One Author: Lopez, Maria. Two Authors: Lopez, Maria, and John Fox. Three Authors: Lopez, Maria, John Fox, and Amy Moran. Four or More Authors: Lopez, Maria, et al. ( et al. means and others. ) Organization as Author: Georgia State University. No Author: <skip author, and begin with title of resource>

Formatting Individual References The following are the most frequent kinds of sources you will encounter throughout your research. If you happen upon another type of resource that is not included below, consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7 th Ed. Im portant Changes From 6 th Edition 1. Titles are italicized rather than underlined. 2. Include a medium of publication (Print, Web, Film, DVD, etc.). 3. For Web publications include a URL only when you think a reader would need it in order to find the work cited or if your instructor requires it. 4. All journal citations use an issue number, regardless of how they are paginated. 5. Use abbreviations for Web publications when there is no publisher (n.p.), no date (n.d.), or no pagination (n.pag.) available.

BOOKS Basic Format: Author s last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date. Print. One Author: Wilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. New York: Pantheon, 1998. Print. Two Authors: Eggins, Suzanne, and Diane Slade. Analysing Casual Conversation. London: Cassell, 1997. Print. Three Authors: James, Peter, George B. Luce, and Nick Thorpe. Ancient Mysteries. New York: Ballantine Books, 1999. Print. More Than Three Authors: (et al means and others in Latin) Holloway, Susan D., et al. Through My Own Eyes: Single Mothers and the Culture of Poverty. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1997. Print. No Author Given: Handbook of Pre-Columbian Art. New York: Norton, 1988. Print. An Editor, No Author Given: Feldman, Paula R., ed. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Print. Two or Three Editors: Gall, Timothy L., Richard Smith, and Daniel M. Lucas, eds. Statistics on Weapons & Violence. New York: Gale, 1996. Print. An Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword: Gale, Judy. Preface. Juneau and Joyce: Modernist Passages through Southeast Alaska. By Robert Celan. Ed. Lauren Davis. New York: Bantam, 1989. vii-xvii. Print.

Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition: Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Ed. Andy Delfino. 3 rd ed. Enid, OK: Bob Jones UP, 1996. Print. A Multivolume Work: (if using more than one volume): David Lauderdale. Encyclopedia of Aphorisms. Ed. Chuck Breithaupt. 23 vols. New Haven: Yale UP, 1968. Print. (if using just one volume): David Lauderdale. Encyclopedia of Aphorisms. Ed. Chuck Breithaupt. Vol. 2. New Haven: Yale UP, 1968. Print. A Work (Essay, Poem, etc.) in an Anthology or Collection: Rodriguez de Tio, Lola. "Ode to October 10." Herencia: The Anthology of Hispanic Literature of the United States. Ed. Nicolas Kanellos. New York: Oxford UP, 2002. 560-563. Print.

An Article or Entry in a Reference Book: Basic Format: Author's Last Name, First Name (if available). "Title of the Article or Entry." Title of the Reference Book. Vol. Volume Number. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Signed Examples (have an author): Piccarella, John. "Hendrix, Jimi." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd ed. Vol. 11. NewYork: Grove's Dictionaries, 2001. Print. Unsigned Example (no author): "Northern Right Whale." Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species of North America. Ed. Walton Beacham, et al. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale, 2001. Print. Specific Examples of Commonly Used Reference Books: William Faulkner. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Eds. Paula K. Byers and Suzanne M. Bourgoin. Detriot: Gale, 1998. Print. (you may omit volume #s when articles are arranged alphabetically). Native Son. Literature and Its Times. Eds. Joyce Moss and George Wilson. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Print. "The Great Gatsby." Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Print. Weintraub, Stanley. Bernard Shaw. Concise Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ed. Karen L. Rood. Vol. 9. Detroit: Gale, 1991. Print. Gray, James. John Steinbeck. American Writers. Ed. Leonard Unger. Vol. 4. New York: Scribner s, 1974. Print. Reed, Peter J. Kurt Vonnegut. American Writers. Ed. A. Walton Litz. Suppl. 2, Part 2. New York: Scribner s, 1981. Print. Roberts, J.M. The Illustrated History of the World. Vol. 5. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. Small, Melvin. Foreign Policy. Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century. Eds. Stanley I. Kutler, et al. Vol. 2. New York: Scribner s, 1996. Print.

Commonly Used Literary Criticism Resources: Novels for Students: No particular author from Themes, Style, Biography sections: Night. Novels for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Print. Novels for Students: Essay from Criticism section by various authors: Miller, Tyrus. Essay on Winesburg, Ohio. Novels for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napeirkowski. Vol. 4. Detriot: Gale, 1998. Print. A Critical Essay From Concise Dictionary of British Literary Biography: Weintraub, Stanley. Bernard Shaw. Concise Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ed. Karen L. Rood. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale, 1991. 348-368. Print. A Critical Essay From Contemporary Literary Criticism: NOTE: If a work that appears in a collection first appeared in another place, give complete information for the original publication, followed by Rpt. In and then complete information for the collection. Excerpt from a book: Browning, Preston M. Flannery O Connor. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1974. Print. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Deborah A. Schmitt. Vol. 104. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 135-45. Print. Excerpt from an article in a scholarly journal: John, V. Julian s Journey into Hell: Flannery O Connor s Allegory of Pride. Mississippi Quarterly. 1975: 171-179. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Deborah Schmitt. Vol. 104. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 145-48.

Digital Resources Online Databases NOTE: Databases are verified, reliable, scholarly resources written and reviewed by professionals. These are often digitized copies of print source that usually require a password. Basic Format: Author s last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Book, Magazine, or Newspaper Volume #. Issue #. Date of publication: Page # range. Name of Database. Web. Date of Access. Literary Criticism (Critical Essay Excerpt) Author(s). Title of Article. Original Source. Rpt. in Title of Reprint Source. Editor(s) of Reprint Source. Volume of reprint source. City of publication: Publisher, Date.: page(s). Name of Database. Web. Date of Access. (Example) John, V. Julian s Journey into Hell: Flannery O Connor s Allegory of Pride. Mississippi Quarterly. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Deborah Schmitt. Vol. 104. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 145-48. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 24 August 2011. Literary Criticism (Critical Essay) Author(s). Title of Article. Name of Journal. Volume Number (Date): Page(s). Name of Database. Web. Date of Access. (Example) Peterson, Michael. Analyzing the Impact of Fahrenheit 451 Upon Modern Society. Literary Criticism Today. Vol. 35 (September 1985): 35-38. Literature Resource Center. Web. 15 September 2011. Encyclopedia Brittannica: "Title of Article." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Year of Publication. Name of Database. Web. Date of Access. George Bush. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2011. Gale. Web. 3 November 2011. E-books Title of Article. Original Source. Editor(s) of Reprint Source. Volume of reprint source. "To Kill a Mockingbird." Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Web. 11 Aug. 2009.

Online Websites NOTE: An online source is NOT a database. Many online sources are not verified for accuracy of content and, as such, should be regarded with caution. For most assignments at Saint Francis, online websites are NOT permitted for scholarly research. Consult your teacher before using one as a source for your works cited. Basic Formats: Author. Title of Web Page. Domain Name / Host / Provider. Web. Access Date. NOTE: Use abbreviations for Web publications when there is no publisher (n.p.), no date (n.d.), or no pagination (n.pag.) available. (Include a URL before Date of Access only for sources that are difficult to locate without it. MLA7: 5.6.1) Online Personal or Professional Site Tribble, Joe. Running Through History: A Study of England and Europe. Runner's World. Web. 24 Oct. 2009. Article in Online Scholarly Journal Flannagan, Roy. Reflections on Milton and Ariosto. Early Modern Literary Studies 2.3 (1996): n. pag. Web. 22 Aug. 2009. Article in Online Magazine or Newspaper Kolata, Gine. Can Runners Have Too Many Miles on the Tires? New York Times Online. 14 May 2012. Web. 15 May 2012. Film or Video Clip on Youtube, etc. (See MLA7: 5.6.2d for additional information.) Gonzalez, Tony. Journey to Michu Pichu. YouTube. 14 Aug. 2009. Web. 6 Oct. 2009. Map Atlanta, Georgia. Map. Google Maps. Google. Web. 21 Sept. 2012. Image Jewish Man Praying at the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. Photograph. Judaism.Web. 28 Oct. 2006. (Cite the Artist if available. Title of the image. Political cartoon/map/photo. Title of the website. Web. Date of access.)

Sample Works Cited Works Cited Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York: Penguin, 2006. Print. Last Name Page # "The Great Gatsby." Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Print. Gross, Daniel. The Recession is Over! Now What We Need is a New Kind of Recovery. Newsweek. 3 Aug. 2009: 32-37. Print. Max, Ernst. The Hat Makes the Man. 1920. Drawing. MoMA. Web. 14 Aug. 2009. Musgrave, Gerald L. "Taxing Ourselves: A Citizen's Guide to the Debate over Taxes, 4th ed." Business Economics 43.2 (April 2008): 78(2). Print. Susan Page. "Health Care Fight Tricky to Wage." USA Today. 10 Aug. 2009: A.1. Print. "To Kill a Mockingbird." Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Web. 11 Aug. 2009. Tumulty, Karen, and Sophia Yan. "Can Obama Find a Cure?" Time 174.4 (10 Aug. 2009): 26. MAS Ultra - School Edition. EBSCO. Web. 13 Aug. 2009. Tyre, Peg. Standardized Tests in College? Newsweek 16 Nov. 2007. Web. 14 2009. Aug.