v3 INSTRUCTION GUIDE for the Keysight (formally Agilent; Hewlett-Packard) WAVEFORM GENERATOR Model #33509B 33500 Series and Tektronix OSCILLOSCOPE Model #MSO2004B Fall 2017
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Pg. 3 Scope-Gen Handout_part I_v3 FA17.docx INSTRUCTIONS ON USING THE Keysight Waveform GENERATOR and TEKTRONIX OSCILLOSCOPE Objectives: Each student will: 1. Know the function of the three basic sections of the oscilloscope. 2. Be able to operate the Keysight 33509B Waveform Generator and set it to the desired frequency and amplitude. 3. Be able to obtain a meaningful display on the Tektronix MSO 2004B Oscilloscope using the instructions provided. 4. Be able to manually measure AC Voltage levels by counting graticules & multiplying by the vertical volts per division scale. 5. Know the use of Ch.1 or Ch.2 Inputs; AC & DC Coupling. 6. Be able to manually measure the period and calculate the frequency of a sine wave signal by counting graticules & multiplying by the horizontal seconds per division (sec/div.) scale. 7. To measure Voltage, Period & Frequency using the oscilloscope s Automatic Measure functions. V3 INTRODUCTION: The four most basic types of test equipment that an electronics engineer or technician will use in the lab are the: 1. Volt Ohm Meter or Digital Multimeter, 2. Power Supply 3. Signal Generator or Function Generator, 4. Oscilloscope. The Function Generator produces sine, square, and sawtooth AC waveforms whose voltage amplitude and frequency can be adjusted to a wide range of desired values. An Audio Oscillator is a specialized type of waveform generator designed to provide only a sinewave waveform in the frequency range audible by the human ear. Most oscillators and generators require that the output voltage be set by adjusting the generator amplitude & frequency control and monitored using a digital multimeter (DMM) or oscilloscope.
Pg. 4 Scope-Gen Handout_part I_v3 FA17.docx The most valuable piece of test equipment is the oscilloscope. VERTICAL SECTION The Vertical Section is basically a voltmeter, NOT like the voltohmmeter (VOM) by deflecting a meter movement, but by graphically moving a dot on a calibrated vertical scale. DC & AC voltages may be measured on the Calibrated Vertical Scale. However, the rapid changes in AC voltage cause equally rapid changes in the vertical deflection of the dot. Because of the persistence of the oscilloscope phosphor and limitations of the human eye, the rapidly moving dot appears as a vertical line for AC and a dot for DC, if there is no horizontal sweep. By using controls in the vertical section, measurements can be made of a signal s voltage. HORIZONTAL SECTION The Horizontal Sweep causes the dot to move from left to right on the screen in a calibrated time. Note: The generation of the ramp waveforms used to sweep the dot across the screen Horizontally will be covered in the Unit on Capacitance and the Cap. RC Time Constant and the LED Flasher Lab (EET 101 & EET 121 only). The oscilloscope synchronizes the vertical and horizontal dot movements with the trigger controls and presents a graphical waveform of the AC signal. This waveform represents the voltage of a signal with respect to the time in which it occurs. Again, as in the vertical section, by using controls in the horizontal section, measurements may be taken of the time-duration of the waveform or the period. TRIGGER SECTION The Trigger Section has 2 functions. 1. It syncs the scope s H. sweep to the signal to give a stable display. 2. It is used to start the sinewave at the same point on the screen every time. (We normally set the trigger to start on the left graticule.)
Pg. 5 Scope-Gen Handout_part I_v3 FA17.docx Very Basic Block Diagram of an Oscilloscope Channel 1 INPUT Vertical Attenuator (volts/div) Vertical scale adj. Vertical Amplifier Vertical Position Intensity LCD SCREEN Channel 2 INPUT Vertical Attenuator (volts/div) Vertical scale adj. Vertical Amplifier Vertical Position 1 2 Ext. Trigger Source Selector Trigger Control: Source, Level, Slope Sync. mode selector & associated circuits Horizontal Sweep Rate (sec/div) Horiz. scale adj. Horizontal Position All the controls for the proper operation of our oscilloscope can be accessed from either physical knobs or buttons, located on the front panel - or softkeys with menus displayed on the LCD screen.
Pg. 6 Scope-Gen Handout_part I_v3 FA17.docx Keysight Waveform GENERATOR 33500 series Max frequency is 20 MHz, Max amplitude is 10 Vp-p. Default settings: 100 mvp-p, 1kHz Sine Wave with 0 Vdc offset Specifications: For voltage levels on the display to be correct, the Generator output must connect to a 50 ohm load for a max. of 10 Vp-p out. The aluminum (silver) box (described later) is connected to the Generator and provides 50 ohm to the circuit (Load). Layout of front panel Source: page 30 Keysight Waveform Gen - manual 33500-90901.pdf page 31 -----
Pg. 7 Scope-Gen Handout_part I_v3 FA17.docx The following parameters may need to be changed for a desired signal: Select: 1. Press the Waveforms button: The menu below will appear at the bottom of the display: In the graphic above, Sine is selected (highlighted) 2. Press the Parameters button: The menu below will appear at the bottom of the display: From the Parameters menu one can choose to set: Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, or Phase (Note: Offset or Phase will not be changed for class.) 2. Set Frequency: After the Frequency parameter is selected the frequency value in the LCD display will become highlighted. The active digit will show an inverted highlight. Press the arrow keys to change which digit is highlighted: Left arrow moves to the digit to the left; right arrow moves to one digit to the right. This digit will change when rotating the knob on the right: CW to increase, CCW to decrease. Alt. method: Direct Keypad entry Use the keypad to enter the magnitude of the frequency. Then, select the desired prefix from the menu (shown belwo). 2. Set Amplitude: After Amplitude is selected the amplitude value in the LCD display will become highlighted. The active digit will show an inverted highlight. Use the same method as described above (to change frequency) to change amplitude, offset, or phase values. The prefix/units display will change to correspond to the parameter selected. (Note: Offset or Phase will not be changed for class.)
Pg. 8 Scope-Gen Handout_part I_v3 FA17.docx 3. Set Units: Each parameter, (ie. Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, and Phase) can be displayed in different units. These can be chosen from the Units button. Frequency: Hertz (Hz) or Period: seconds Amplitude: Amplitude with offset or High value, Low value Amplitude Units: Vpp or Vrms or dbm Phase: degrees or radians or seconds Sweep: start/stop or center/span The blue down arrow indicates an additional menu is available. The displayed value will update to the new unit. 4. Set the generator outputfor: Frequency = 1.0 khz.; Amplitude = 8.0 Vp-p; Offset = 0V (default); Phase = 0 deg. (default)
Pg. 9 Scope-Gen Handout_part I_v3 FA17.docx The output of the generator can be turned off without turning off the generator power by pressing the Channel button. When the Channel button is pressed, the output related parameters are made available in the menu below: To turn the output On or Off, press the Output softkey; For our purposes this is the only setting in this menu that may need to be changed. The Output softkey button will toggle the output on & off. Silver Box The output of the Function Generator is connected via a coaxial cable to an aluminum box (pictured below) mounted below the shelf to the left of the Hewlett Packard (HP) Triple Output Power Supply. Most of your labs will connect to this box (and not directly to the generator) for their input signal. The circuitry inside the box provides two 50 ohm outputs; Vg/1 (or Vg) and Vg/10. Vg/1 is a 1:1 output voltage from the generator. The Vg/10 provides a divide by ten output allowing low input voltages to our labs not available directly from the generator.* Some of your labs may use a microphone which has a very low output voltage. The Vg/10 may be used to provide microphone level output signals to test the response of microphone input circuits. * Note: The new Keysight waveform generator we are using now can be set down to 1 mv output level. 10:1 1:1 Do Not Connect Generator Until Page 17.
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11 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc Operating Instructions for the Tektronix MSO 2004B Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Contents Pg. Quick Setup - Recalling a previously saved setup. 12 Vertical Section 15 Horizontal Section 17 Trigger Section 18 Save Setup 21 AC Measurements 22 o AC Peak (Vpk, Vo-p) o Period & Frequency Automatic Measurements 24 o Remove Measurements o Add Measurements Saving a Screen Image to a USB Flash Drive 28 Optional - DC Measurements 29 Optional Measurements using cursors 30 o Period o AC with DC Offset o Peak-Peak voltage, (Vp-p)
12 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc Quick Set Up (if stored a previously stored setup in the one of the Setups in the Save Setup menu) 1. Press Power ON button at bottom left of scope. Note: Only use the following Quick Setup procedure below to recall a previously stored setup. Do NOT use Auto - Set at this point. 2. Press Menu Button (Bottom center below display.) The graphic below illustrates how this document will reference the menu defined buttons below and to the right of the LCD screen. ( Soft buttons explained on pg. 12.) LCD screen soft buttons #A #B #C #D #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #E
13 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc 3. Press (LCD_5) Recall Setup 4. Press the LCD_A, B, C, or D associated with a Setup previously stored (see below). (Note the date a particular setup was stored is displayed in the menu. Up to 10 setups can be stored: (Setup1 to Setup10). For EET 101 Press Setup1 (LCD_C) For EET 121 Press Setup2 (LCD_D) For EGR 103 Press more- (LCD_E) then, Press Setup3 (LCD_A) For EET 131 Press more- (LCD_E) then, Press Setup4 (LCD_B) For EET 232 Press more- (LCD_E) then, Press Setup5 (LCD_C) 5. Press round Menu Off button.
14 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc Initial Setup: To program Initial Settings the 1 st time. To start with a known setup Press Default Setup. From this setup we will make any changes necessary and save the new settings as a custom Saved Setup for your particular course. This oscilloscope makes use of soft buttons or soft-keys - (see below). The function of each of these buttons is not fixed and take on different functions based on the button definition displayed directly above it (or to the left) for the right side buttons. For that reason we identify a particular button, not by it s function, but by it s position. eg. LCD_1 is the left most button below the screen; and LCD_A is the top most button to the right of the screen. LCD screen soft buttons A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 E
15 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc Vertical position adjustment VERTICAL SECTION Channel activation / menu Vertical scale control Signal Input BNC connector 1. If desired setting is already display (as default) continue to the next step w/o pressing a button. 2. Press Ch.1 button to bring up the menu on bottom. Also, notice Ch.1 label on left side of trace (on screen) 3. Coupling (LCD #1)- Set to DC (Default) Allows DC levels to be displayed & measured. AC coupling removes DC components. GND is used on old Analog Scopes to adjust the vertical position to desired (0V Ref.). 4. Invert. (LCD_2) Set to Off (Default). 5. Bandwidth. (LCD_3) Press LCD_3 to display menu on right of LCD screen. Press LCD_B to change to 20MHz. (white box) (Helps to remove noise pulses picked up in lab.) 6 Label. (LCD_4) Do Not Press Default value ok. 7. Probe Setup. Press (LCD_5) (Default is 10X) Press LCD_C to set to 1X. (or leave at 10X if using a 10X probe). 8. More. (LCD_6) Do Not Press Default values are ok. 9. Press Menu Off twice to turn-off both menus
16 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc 10. Set Ch.1 Vertical scale (volts/div) to 2.00V (large white round knob above input connector) The vertical scale value is displayed in lower left the corner of the LCD screen, along with it s associated channel #. 11. Set Ch.1 0V vertical position (small round knob above input connector) to center graticule (see fig. below) need to estimate the center. Repeat Steps 1-10 for Ch.2. Note: Blue color is for Ch.2. For step 11, set 0V position of Ch.2 to one graticule up from the bottom.
17 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc HORIZONTAL SECTION 1. Connect a BNC to dual banana adapter to the Vg/1 connector of the Silver Box. Connect the BLK terminal of the adapter to the BLK terminal of scope Ch 1 adapter. Connect RED terminal of the adapter to the RED terminal of scope Ch 1 adapter. 2. Turn on F.Gen. and set output to 8Vp-p @ 1kHz. 3.Adjust the Horiz. scale knob to show 2 cycles of the waveform. The Horiz. Sweep setting is displayed in the Horiz. Info box. at the bottom center of the screen. The Horiz. Sweep should be 200μS/div. for a 1KHz. waveform. Upper Rt. Side of front panel 4. Adjust the Horizontal position knob so the trigger point is on the far left graticule.
18 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc TRIGGER SECTION 1. Press Menu button in the Trigger section Lower Rt. corner (Right Side of Scope) Trigger menu button 2. Check that Type (LCD_1) is Edge (Default) 3. Check that Source (LCD_2) is 1. (Default) Note: If necessary to Trigger from Ch.2, set Trigger to Ch.2 by turning Multipurpose a (top center of scope) to highlight Ch.2 in the Trigger Source menu. 4. Check that Coupling (LCD_3) is set to HF Reject (LCD_B) Trigger Level control Force Trigger (NEVER PUSH THIS BUTTON!!!) (See below for untriggered waveform.) 5. Check that Slope (LCD_4) is (rising) (Default) 6. Check that Level (LCD_5) is 0.00V (Default) (Adjustable with Trigger Level control knob. see display may not be = 0V) 7. Check that Mode (LCD_7) is Auto. (Default) 8. Press Menu Off, twice. Example of un-triggered waveform If trigger is set to Ch.2 & signal is on Ch.1/ (Only one sinewave should be displayed)
TRIGGER (cont.) 19 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc FilterVu (adjustable low pass filter) 1) Push the FilterVu button Default FilterVu Settings: Noise Filter Off Noise Filter (Foreground) = 70 MHz. Glitch Capture Background: On 290kHz. 2) Turn Multipurpose a knob CCW to change the Noise Filter (Foreground) (LCD_A) to 290KHz. from 70MHz. (Filter Vu button lights up green.) 290kHz. 3) Set Glitch Capture Background (LCD_B) to Off
1) Press the Menu Off button once. 20 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc v1 v2 v3 v1 v2 v3 h1 h2 t1 t2 t3 freq. Actual Time Vertical Section v1. Channel # v2. Volts/div value v3. Bandwidth limit on Horizontal Section h1. Horiz. scale: (sec/div) h2. Horiz. delay Trigger Section t1. Channel t2. Slope t3 Level (volts) 2) The waveform obtained should look exactly like the one shown above. 3) Check that the sinewave scope p-p value is 2V/div x 4 div = 8Vp-p @ 1 khz. as indicated on the generator display.
21 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc SAVE SETUP To Save Scope Settings: 1. Press Save/Recall Menu button (below LCD screen). 2. Press Save Setup (LCD_3) (Activates softkeys menu on right side of LCD.) LCD #: A 3) For EET 101 Press To Setup1 (LCD_C) B For EET 121 Press To Setup2 (LCD_D) C D For EGR 103 Press more- (LCD_E) then, Press To Setup3 (LCD_A) E For EET 131 Press more- (LCD_E) then, Press To Setup4 (LCD_B) For EET 232 Press more- (LCD_E) then, Press To Setup5 (LCD_C) LCD #: A B 2. If replacing a previously saved setup, (as indicated by an older date, Press LCD E. in lower rt. corner. to overwrite.. C D 3. Press Menu Off, twice. E
22 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc AC MEASUREMENTS (A) AC PEAK VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS: For best accuracy, want as large a sinewave as possible w/o overshooting the LCD display, by adjusting the vertical sensitivity (V/div). The peak voltage can then be determined from: (Vp) = Deflection Peak (# div.) * Vertical Sensitivity (V/div.) To Interpolate between div: Hint: Move Horiz. Position so Top of Sinewave is in Middle of LCD, so can read the sub div. Note: There are 5 sub div. vertically. Each is 0.2 div. Vpk = 2 div * 2V/div = 4V Vp-p = 4 div * 2V/div = 8V 0 V For Vp-p measurements, lower waveform so bottom of wave touches bottom graticule. Vpk = 2 div * 2V/div = 4V 0 V
23 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc (B) FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS The oscilloscope can be used to measure the output frequency of an audio oscillator or function generator using the horizontal sweep rate to determine it s period. Then use the equation: Frequency (F) = 1 / T (period measured in seconds) To measure the Period of the desired waveform: Calculate the number of divisions required to display one complete cycle on the horizontal axis. 1 period (seconds) = T = (# of div for 1 cycle)* [horiz. scale (sec/div)] Note: There are 5 sub div. Horizontally. Each is 0.2 div. Note: For an accurate time or frequency measurement it is best to have between 1 to 2 sinewaves displayed. New Trigger point (relocated from the center) Trigger Level indicator One cycle = 5 div * 200 us/div = 1000 us = 1 ms. F = 1/T = 1/1ms = 1000 Hz. one cycle Waveform crosses intersection of Trigger Level (0V) and Trigger point Trigger info: Source Slope Level Freq. STOP here! Begin Lab.
24 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc STOP here! Begin Lab. AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENTS SETUP The MSO2004B can display up to four selected measurements simultaneously. Any four measurements can be displayed from among a list of 30 possible. In addition to selecting a desired measurement, the source for that measurement must also be set if different from the default source. To Add Measurements 1. Press 1 in Ch. 1 section before press Measure button 2. Press Measure button at Top Right Center of Scope. 3. Press LCD_1 Add Measurement Confirm Source is Ch.1 (LCD_B). 4, Add Measurements: a. Rotate Multipurpose a knob (center top) to pick desired measurement. b. Press Add Measurement (LCD_E) for one of the parameters shown below. Max (Vo-p), Peak to Peak (Vp-p) Period Frequency b. Press LCD_E to Add the measurement. 5. Repeat Steps 4a & 4b to add up to four measurements. 6. Press Menu Off button 2 times.
25 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc To Remove Measurements Note: If 4 measurements are already displayed, one will need to be removed before one is added. In case four are displayed, the procedure to remove a measurement is as follows: You can remove any selected measurement (LCD_A, B, C, D) or all selected measurements (Remove All) (LCD_E) 1. Press Measure button to display the Measure menu (below). LCD # s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. Press Remove Measurement (LCD_2) (Remove Measurement menu on right should appear) 3. Press LCD_A, or B, or C, or D to remove an unwanted measurement, or E to Remove All. LCD # s: A B 4. Then, go to previous pg. to Add Measurement(s) C D E
26 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc ADD MEASUREMENTS 1. Press Add Measurement (LCD_1). Notice Measurements menu on LCD screen. 2. Check that the source is correct, usually 1 (LCD_B) If only one channel is ON, the default source is the active channel. If more than one channel is ON, the source can be selected by turning the Multipurpose knob b. 3. Select the 1 st desired measurement, Frequency, by scrolling up or down the list by turning the Multipurpose knob a until Frequency is highlighted. 4. Press OK Add Measurement (LCD _E) 5. Select the 2 nd desired measurement, Period, by scrolling up or down the list by turning Multipurpose knob a until Period is highlighted. 6. Press OK Add Measurement (LCD _E) 7. Repeat steps 5 & 6 for the 3 rd & 4 th measurements of Peak to Peak (for Vp-p), and Max (for Vpk). 8. Press Menu Off to remove menu covering the 4 measurements 9. (OPTIONAL) Alternately, all (30) measurements may be displayed all at once on the screen by selecting Snapshot All Meas. (LCD_E) then Press OK. (obscures most of the screen)
27 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc Note: If a complete waveform cannot be displayed or is beyond the screen borders, auto measurements cannot be made. In that case a > (too positive, above the screen) or < (too negative, below the screen) symbol will be displayed before the value in the measurements box. In the graphic above, the vertical scale is too small to allow the entire waveform to be displayed on the screen. To achieve an auto measurement, increase the vertical scale to fit the entire waveform vertically. In the above example less than one cycle is displayed To achieve an auto measurements, increase the horizontal scale to allow at least 1 to 2 cycles to be displayed. Note the ----Hz? Meas. value. Also, the voltage meas. are correct for only the displayed section of the waveform.
28 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc SAVING A SCREEN IMAGE (to USB flash drive) This oscilloscope allow you to save a screen image of the displayed waveform, including the vertical, and horizontal settings, as well as any previously set up measurements. Many of the waveform images in this document were saved this way. The function will not, however, save any on-screen menus. The files are relatively small at less than 10kB. To save an image, 1) Plug a USB flash drive into the USB port on the front panel (see graphic below.) 2) Press the Save /Recall - Menu button. 3) Push the Save Screen Image button (LCD_1) 4) File Format (LCD_A) make sure.png (a standard graphics format) Is highlighted. 5) Make sure Ink Saver in On (LCD_B) (This changes the saved image screen background from black to white) 6) Press (LCD_E) OK Save Screen Image 7) After image has been saved, < 15 sec, remove the USB drive. (No uninstall required.) 8) If Assign (LCD_6) is set to Save to Image, then you just need to press the Save button to save additional images (skipping steps 2 thru 6). A new incrementally numbered file will be created on the USB drive for each image.
29 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc OPTIONAL DC Measurements Use the scope to measure dc voltage levels: 1. Press the desired channel ( 1 or 2 ). 2. Set Coupling (LCD_1) to DC (In the AC Coupling mode, a capacitor blocks the DC component from the screen.) 3. Place the scope leads across the unknown DC level and use the following equation to determine the dc level: DC Level (V) = Vertical Deflection (#div.) * Vertical scale (V/div.)
30 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc OPTIONAL OSCILLOSCOPE MEASUREMENTS USING THE CURSORS PERIOD Press Cursors and turn the Multipurpose a, and b. knobs to adjust the cursors to coincide with a one period interval of the waveform. 1 period V a V b ΔV a = V a ; b = V b ΔV = V a -V b The difference in Time and difference in voltage between a & b can be read from the cursor box: ta tb = Period (T): Δ1.01ms. AC with DC OFFSET The waveform below is an example of a 1000 Hz. sinewave, 6Vp-p with a +12 Vdc offset. Note that the 0V point has been adjusted to the bottom graticule to allow for the maximum vertical waveform display. Pk-Pk (Vp-p) Max (Vmax) Min (Vmin) 0 V
31 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc OPTIONAL PEAK to PEAK VOLTAGE (Vp-p or Va-Vb ) Press the Cursors button a cursor b cursor 0 V Turn Multipurpose a knob to move the vertical a cursor left or right to position the crosshair at the waveform max. Turn Multipurpose b knob to move the vertical b cursor left or right to position the crosshair at the waveform min. Read Vpk in the cursor box. a = Δ15.1V (~15V). and Vmin in the cursor box. b = Δ8.96 V (~9V) ( Δ means the difference or change in voltage ) To link the cursors so they move together (when turning Multipurpose a, only), press the Select button (notice the LCD box indicates Cursors Linked The Select button (located below Multipurpose a knob) will toggle the cursors between being linked and being independent.
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33 Scope-Gen_Handout_part_II_v2.2_FA16.doc Vpk = 3.2 div * 1V/div = 3.2V For a more accurate meas. increase sensitivity (decrease vertical scale). Vpk = 6.4 div * 500mV/div = 3.2V