THE TITLE OF THE THESIS IN 12-POINT CAPITAL LETTERS, CENTERED, SINGLE SPACED, 2-INCH FORM TOP MARGIN by YOUR NAME ALL CAPITAL LETTERS A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Pacific University Vision Science Graduate Program, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Vision Science PACIFIC UNIVERSITY FOREST GROVE, OREGON Month, Year
opyright by Your Full Legal Name As On The Title Page The Year of Degree Conferral All Rights Reserved
PACIFIC UNIVERSITY OREGON COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY VISION SCIENCE GRADUATE COMMITTEE This thesis of Student s Name, titled Title of The Thesis, is approved for acceptance in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science. Accepted Date Signatures of The Thesis Committee: Thesis Advisor: Dr. First Last, Degree. Pacific University College of Optometry Thesis Committee: Dr. First Last, Degree. Pacific University College of Optometry Thesis Committee: Dr. First Last, Degree. Pacific University College of Optometry
TITLE OF THESIS: CENTERED, ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, SINGLE SPACED, PRECISELY AS IT APPEARS ON THE TITLE PAGE AND ON THE APPROVAL PAGE YOUR NAME MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VISION SCIENCE PACIFIC UNIVERSITY, YEAR ABSTRACT Purpose: The abstract should be a concise statement of the nature and content of the thesis. It should be within 350 words. The word limit applies only to the text and does not include the title, your name, program name, and list of keywords. Use double line spacing and single space between sentences. Page numbers are bottom-center with small roman numerals. If needed, the second page of Abstract has a 1 top margin. Methods: It is recommended to use the format of Optometry & Vision Science (OVS), a peer-reviewed Journal, which requires 4 specific sections in original research articles: Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. This is just a suggestion, you have the liberty to write what you feel is best to summarize your paper. Results: A list of keywords or phrases should appear at the end of the Abstract at the bottom of the page or 2 double spaces below the last line of text. Conclusions: Please refer to Introduction section for more details and suggestions about the format/style of the text. Keywords: sample, sample, sample, sample, sample
Optional ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT..... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES. LIST OF FIGURES. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS... I II III IV V VI INTRODUCTION.. 1 METHODS... RESULTS... DISCUSSION.. CONCLUSION REFERENCES.. APPENDIX A..... APPENDIX B.. Curriculum VITAE.. nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn (The Table of Contents is formatted as a table without the borders. You may adjust the content by adding or deleting a row. Delete this paragraph after viewing.) - i -
LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: Title of Table. nn Table 2: Title of Table. nn Table 3: Title of Table. nn Table 4: Title of Table. nn Table 5: Title of Table. nn (The List of Table is formatted as a table without the borders. You may adjust the content by adding or deleting a row. Delete this page if you don t have tables in the report. Delete this paragraph after viewing.) - ii -
LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Title of Figure. nn Figure 2: Title of Figure. nn Figure 3: Title of Figure. nn Figure 4: Title of Figure. nn Figure 5: Title of Figure. nn (The List of Figures is formatted as a table without the borders. You may adjust the content by adding or deleting a row. Delete this page if you don t have tables in the report. Delete this paragraph after viewing.) - iii -
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (optional) Page Abbreviation 1: Title of Abbreviation nn Abbreviation 2: Title of Abbreviation nn Abbreviation 3: Title of Abbreviation nn Abbreviation 4: Title of Abbreviation nn Abbreviation 5: Title of Abbreviation nn (Entries here are listed alphabetically. Abbreviations and acronyms should be spelled out at the first mention in the text, with the abbreviation following in parentheses. Thereafter, the abbreviation only is used. Follow the practice of your style guide for determining which terms do not require definition.) (The List of abbreviations is formatted as a Figure without the borders. You may adjust the content by adding or deleting a row. Delete this page if you don t have abbreviations in the report. Delete this and the previous paragraphs after viewing.) - iv -
INTRODUCTION OR CHAPTER TITLE CENTERED, NOT BOLD, DOUBLE SPACING IF TWO LINES WERE USED Start typing your text. The introduction presents the problem that the paper addresses. You should establish the importance of the research question, the background information, brief description of the approach you would like to take, and your research hypotheses. Use 12-point font and standard double space between lines of text, except for long quotes we well as Tables and Figures. The system of headings shown on this file is one that is commonly used, but it is only one of many acceptable formats. Remember that the primary goal is consistency. Determine how many levels of headings your longest section requires and use those levels in the same order throughout the manuscript. Use either underlying or italics in the headings of a manuscript, but AVOID USING both for the heading in the same document. The most commonly used manuscript writing styles are APA, Chicago, and MLA. If you are unsure which style to use, discuss with your advisor or the Director of the Vision Science Graduate Program. This thesis template format is acceptable for thesis submission. You may choose to use a different publication style (e.g., headings, line spacing, paragraph alignment, font) if you are aiming to submit it to a particular journal. Level Two Heading Level two headings are centered with upper and lower case letters (capitalize all important words, prepositions of 4 letters or more, and the last word even if only 2 or 3 letters). Do not change font size and line spacing. - 1 -
Level Three Heading Level three headings are aligned to the left, using upper and lower case, and bold. Blah blah blah blah. Level four heading. Level four headings are indented, with initial capitalization (only the first word capitalized), are italicized, and end with a period. Text follows on the same line. Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah. Margins of the document. All content must be inside the margins to allow theses to be bound. This template is using 1 margin on all four (left/right and top/bottom) sides with page numbers at 0.5". Please ensure that tables, figures, and/or images do not stretch beyond these margins. In other words, nothing goes past where the text falls naturally on other pages. Style of pagination. All pages with the exception of the Title Page must have page numbers. Roman numerals must appear on preliminary pages (ii. iii, iv,...) and Arabic numbers must be used for the body of text, beginning with the introduction through to the end of the document (1, 2, 3,...). It is preferred that page numbers appear at the bottom of each page or top right. Style of list. When you have a list of items, use this style: 1. Click the list icon on the menu bar. 2. Remain the same spacing and text design. 3. If you have a long list, text in the second line and below should be indent to aligned to the first word on the first line. In-text references. You can use reference numbers or (Lastname1, Lastname 2, lastname 3, lastname 4, year) to denote the specific reference(s) mentioned in the text. You are advised to use a reference manager program in paper writing. The library provides RefWorks, but others are good (e.g. - 2 -
EndNote) to choose as well. If you use the number reference, the reference citation should be placed in the sentence immediately following the period.1 If using the latter format and having up to five authors in one reference, write all of the authors name the first time they appear. Then use the first author s last name followed by et al. List (Lastname1 et al., year) if six or more authors in one article. For example, Cummings, Butler, and Kraut (2002) suggest that face-to-face (FtF) interactions are more effective than CMC (read: email) in creating feelings of closeness or intimacy, while other studies suggest the opposite. This paper examines Cummings et al. s research against other CMC research to propose that additional research be conducted to better understand how online communication affects relationships. In-text citation. IN-text citation are direct quotes should include the author s name, publication year, and page number(s). If you are paragraphing a source, APA encourages you to include page number (e.g., Smith, 2009, p.76). Appendix. Use an appendix to provide brief content that supplements your paper but is not directly related to your text. If you are using an appendix, refer to it in the body of your paper. For example, Cummings et al. (2002) reviewed an additional study conducted in 1999 by the HomeNet project (see Appendix A for more information on the HomeNet project). - 3 -
METHOD or CHAPTER 2 If you choose to have a different title for each chapter, you may restart each chapter at a new page. If you are writing as a continuous paper, you may use Level Two Headings to mark all major sections (e.g., Literature Review, Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusion). Tables are usually presented on the page with text, as on this page. Vertical lines typically do not appear in tables in professional publications and there are only three horizontal lines: one above the column headers, one below the column headers, and one at the bottom of the table (see Table 1). Refer to your own style guide for guidance. Tables should be presented in a consistent manner throughout the document (i.e., numbered and titled the same way and with consistent space separating the table from the text). Tables (even tables in appendices) may not extend into the margins. If necessary in order to fit material into a table, font size may be reduced as low as 9 pt. The purpose of a methods section is to have enough information that a reasonably intelligent investigator could replicate of your study. Subjects Sixty adults (19 males and 41 females, average 24.23 years old) were recruited from Pacific University and the surrounding community. Provide a power analysis (e.g. Sixty four subjects, 32 in each group, was sufficient to detect a half standard deviation (actually calculate that difference using your primary outcome variable) difference with a power of.8 and an alpha of p<.05 assuming a correlation between the baseline and outcomes variables of r =.7). Materials - 4 -
Visual discrimination tests. Experiment Builder program (SR Research, Ontario, CA) was used to operate a set of tests used to test for subject s visual performance in 2D and 3D on the tested displays. These tests include: 5 Visual acuity (VA): The perceived smallest detail, or visual resolution, of the subject was measured with fixed-size, high-contrast images of Landolt C (6.3 mm whole letter height, 1.26 Contrast sensitivity test: Start typing your test.. Stereo acuity: Start typing your test.. Apparatus. Start typing your apparatus. Procedures The reader should be able to visualize exactly what the subject would do (a requirement in your IRB application). In addition you will need to describe the details of your randomization procedure, if applicable, and masking, if applicable. Data Analysis Start typing your test. Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah. - 5 -
RESULTS or CHAPTER 3 The results section describes only your findings. Try to be clear but concise. Do not put your explanations of the results here. Leave it to the discussion section. Tables, figures and graphs should stand alone, i.e. the reader should be able to look at the caption and the table or the figure to understand what you are presenting. If you provide a figure, don t duplicate with a table and vice versa. Don t restate the same information in the text that is in the figures and tables. You can reference the figures and tables and highlight points. Statistics should be presented with complete information. The mean outcome variable for Group A (Mean = 100, SD=16) was significantly greater than the mean outcome variable for group B (Mean = 90, SD = 16, t=3.53, df=62, p<.001 ) Visual Acuity The main effect of %%% is significant (F (1, 157.2) = 24.6, p < 0.001). The interaction of %%% and %%% is also significant F (1, 157.2) = 24.6, p < 0.001). Blah blah. Start typing your test here blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah. Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah - 6 -
Table 1 Title of the Table should match your own style guide College New students Graduating Change students Undergraduate Cedar University 110 103 +7 Elm College 223 214 +9 Maple Academy 197 120 +77 Pine College 134 121 +13 Oak Institute 202 210-8 Graduate Cedar University 24 20 +4 Elm College 43 53-10 Maple Academy 3 11-8 Pine College 9 4 +5 Oak Institute 53 52 +1 Total 998 908 90 Contrast Sensitivity The main effect of %%% is significant (F (1, 157.2) = 24.6, p < 0.001). The interaction of %%% and %%% is also significant F (1, 157.2) = 24.6, p < 0.001). Blah blah. Figure 1. Mean correct rate in discerning the orientation of Landolt C in trials where the phones were held freely. Non-overlapping error bars indicate significant difference at α =.05. - 7 -
Table 2 Visual symptom survey results. Question Type I Type II F (1, 25) value p-value Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 12.2 ± 2.8 12.7 ± 2.1 0.161 0.691 2 12.4 ± 3.3 11 ± 1.7 0.098 0.756 3 17.8 ± 3.7 17 ± 2.7 1.104 0.304 4 15.8 ± 2.9 14.3 ± 3 0.271 0.607 5 42.6 ± 5 42.2 ± 5 1.590 0.219 6 26.3 ± 4.7 24 ± 4.5 0.242 0.627 7 27.9 ± 5 29.4 ± 4.2 0.051 0.823 8 23 ± 2 25 ± 4 0.100 0.754 9 27.4 ± 5 30.5 ± 4.9 3.794 0.063 10 19 ± 4.4 15.7 ± 3.4 0.015 0.905 11 14.7 ± 3.2 12.7 ± 2.8 0.215 0.647 12 41.2 ± 6.4 37.6 ± 6.3 0.857 0.363 13 37.1 ± 4.9 43 ± 5.5 0.227 0.638 14 20.2 ± 3.6 17.8 ± 3.9 0.322 0.575 15 24.1 ± 3.4 18.7 ± 3.4 0.649 0.428 16 14.1 ± 3.4 14.1 ± 2.9 0.172 0.682-8 -
DISCUSSION Discuss your findings here. Associate your results with your literature review. Build your case based on previous findings. Because all research has its limitations, it is important to dicuss the limitations of articles under examination, including yur study and the ones that you compare to. Discuss The Main Question 1 Discuss hos the findings can be explained by different theories Discuss The Main Question 2 Discuss hos the findings can be explained by different theories Discuss The Main Question 3 Discuss hos the findings can be explained by different theories Clinical relevance of the findings Discuss the clinical relevance of the findings Limitations of These Studies For example, the discrepancies identified may result from a number of limitations found in the materials reviewed by Cummings et al. These limitations can result from technological constraints, demographic factors, or issues of modality. Each of these limitations will be examined in further detail below. Technological limitations. First, one reviewed study by Cummings et al. (2002) examined only Therefore, the study is limited to only one mode of xxx among other alternatives - 9 -
Demographic limitations. In addition to the limitations of email, Cummings et al. (2002) reviewed studies that focused on. It is possible the participants Modality limitations. Instead of professional correspondence, however, Cummings et al. s (2002) review of Future Studies Suggest the next steps in the study of this topic - 10 -
CONCLUSION The conclusion restates the problem the paper addresses and can offer areas for further research. Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah. - 11 -
REFERENCES American Optometric Association (2010). 3D in the Classroom: See Well, Learn Well. Public Health Report. Retrieved from: <http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/d0eb8af9#/d0eb8af9/1> Craig, A.B., Sherman, W.R. and Will, D. (2009). Developing Virtual Reality Applications: Foundations of Effective Design. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Burlington, Massachusetts. Ch. 2, p. 48. Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 103-108. Delgarno, B., Hedberg, J., and Harper, B (2002). The Contribution of 3D Environments to Conceptual Understanding. University of Wollongong Research Online. Faculty of Education. Retrieved from: <http://ro.uow.edu.au/edupapers/281/> Hu, Y., Wood, J. F., Smith, V., & Westbrook, N. (2004). Friendships through IM: Examining the relationship between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10, 38-48. Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28, 317-348. Underwood, H., & Findlay, B. (2004). Internet relationships and their impact on primary relationships. Behaviour Change, 21(2), 127-140. - 12 -
APPENDIX A Title of Your Appendix Material Such as A Questionnaire Begin each appendix on a new page, with the word Appendix in the top center. Use an identifying capital letter (e.g., Appendix A, Appendix B ) if you have more than one appendix. The first paragraph of the appendix should flush with the left margin. Additional Paragraphs should be indented. - 13 -
APPENDIX B Title of Your Appendix Material Such as a Program Begin each appendix on a new page, with the word Appendix in the top center. Use an identifying capital letter (e.g., Appendix A, Appendix B ) if you have more than one appendix. The first paragraph of the appendix should flush with the left margin. Additional Paragraphs should be indented. - 14 -
Student Vitae - 15 -