Internal Conflict? 1

Internal Conflict Emotional + psychological dilemmas inside a character as s/he faces events 2

External Conflict? 3

External Conflict Outer obstacles found in environment, other characters, or society that trouble character s future 4

External conflict Outer problems, persons, or forces that trouble the character s future 5

Myths Religious and/or heroic stories involving supernatural events that show eternal truths applicable to mankind. 6

Characterization The process a writer uses to show us character traits and qualities. 7

Dialogue Conversation between 2 persons 8

Motivation/Motives The reasons and conflicts behind a character s actions 9

Tone Attitude a speaker writes with: anger, confusion, arrogance, joy, praise, etc. 10

Mood Atmosphere or feeling that a story or setting evokes in us as we read it. 11

Plot The story: the sequence of events narrated by an author 12

Exposition Part of story in which basic situation/conflict is outlined 13

Climax The most dramatic, emotionally intense moment in a story, usually tied to the conflict presented earlier in plot 14

Resolution / Denouement Events following climax where remaining issues are resolved NO 15

Foreshadowing Planted clues that hint at events that will occur later in the plot 16

Suspense Anxiety or tension you feel about what s coming next 17

ildungsroman A GENRE of literature in which protagonist comes of age developing morally, spiritually, and/or emotionally. 18

Flashback Interruption in the present action of the plot to explain previous events 19

Direct Characterization Narrator s words and descriptions tell us directly about the characters. 20

Indirect Characterization We must INFER traits of the character we judge for ourselves without the narrator telling us. We consider character s actions, words, and what other characters say about him/her. 21

Holt, p 112 Protagonist Main character 22

Holt, p 112 Antagonist Character opposed to the main character, even a villain 23

Dramatic Irony When the audience knows what s going to happen but the character doesn t 24

Situational Irony When a surprise event forces a twist upon expectations 25

Verbal Irony When someone (author, character) says the opposite of what they mean (at times sarcastically) 26

Holt, p 112 FLat, static character (Usually a subordinate) character who does not develop or change internally or is onedimensional-- during course of story 27

Holt, p 112 Round, dynamic character character who develops or changes internally or who is complex, fascinating, or multidimensional--during course of story 28

Ambiguity Situation in which circumstances are unclear or interpretations can take several paths 29

Prose Complete sentence written language as opposed to poetry and versed writing. 30

Synecdoche a small part refers to the whole thing 31

Allusion A reference in literature to a real person, historical incident, or other work of literature. 32

Point of View Vantage point writer uses to tell a story: 3 usual forms: > 1st person > 3rd person omniscient > 3rd person limited 33

Omniscient Narrator Is all-knowing he or she can tell us everything about a story s characters; usually a more fair-minded POV than other forms of narration The two enemies stood facing one another for along silent moment. Each had a rifle in his hand. The Interlopers, Saki 34

First Person Narrator When narrator is a character in the story, using I, me, we, us, etc. This narrator s POV is more biased than an omniscient narrator. 35

3 rd Person limited narrator Uses s/he to narrate one character s story, but limits readers to what this character feels--not all characters. POV is therefore limited 36

Voice Language (diction) and style of an author that distinguishes him/her from other authors. 37

Analysis Breaking something down into its basic elements in order to understand it more deeply. Also one of the key aspects of TEARS. 38

Metamorphoses (-is) Transformations that involve the supernatural and help complete the heroic quest or conflict 39

Epic Long poetic narratives that show a hero who journeys, struggles, and embodies virtues respected by a culture 40

Epic hero Exceptional character on difficult and symbolic quest facing conflict, temptation, suffering and hopefully homecoming. Virtue(s) required! 41

Foil Character in stark contrast/comparison to hero; dramatizes or reflects the hero s qualities through the comparison 42

Homeric simile A lengthy comparison using like or as between: a) a supernatural or heroic plot event (gods, miracles, power) b) a familiar, common situation: animals, farming, town life, common folk 43

Epithet A repeated adjective phrase used to identify a person or place. See Holt, p. 950. 44

ELTs: a En medias res in the middle and thus a story (The Odyssey) that starts in the middle of things (Calypso, yr 7 of voyage home) 45

Epic virtues Moral traits required for the hero to succeed in his quest. We studied 9 of them in the Odyssey study guides. 46

ELTs What word most conveys tone? We had been given free exercise time and had been ordered by our PE teacher, Mr. DePalma, to keep moving. That meant that the girls should jump rope and the boys toss basketballs through a hoop at the far end of the yard. He in the meantime would keep an eye on us from just inside the building. 47

ELTs What tone is conveyed below? Gail, the biggest of the black girls who had the other end of the rope yelled, Didn t you eat your rice and beans and pork chops for breakfast today? 49

ELTs What tone is conveyed below? Gail, the biggest of the black girls who had the other end of the rope yelled, Didn t you eat your rice and beans and pork chops for breakfast today? 50

Diction Word choices of an author or character; can be analyzed for its impact on meaning; connotation and the level of formality are two aspects of diction to consider. 51

ELTs: Diction The best description of the DICTION below? Life for me ain t been no crystal stair. / It s had tacks in it, / And splinters, / And boards torn up, / And places with no carpet on the floor / Bare. a. Descriptive, poetic b. Assertive, courageous c. Provincial, terse d. Abstract, theoretical 52

ELTs: Diction The best description of the DICTION below? Sundays too my father got up early And put his clothes on in the blueblack cold, Then with cracked hands that ached From labor in the weekday weather made banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him. a. Descriptive, poetic b. Bitter, indignant c. Uneducated, obtuse d. Eulogistic, grateful 53

Connotation The suggested, between-the-lines meaning of a given word or phrase, having positive or negative impact. 54

ELTs Connotation Which word has the most positive connotation for the word important? a. essential b. key c. main d. vital 55

ELTs Connotation Rowdily: Which word means the same but has a less negative connotation? a. unruly b. happily c. loudly d. boisterously 56

ELTs Connotation Which word in the following sentence gives a negative connotation or tone to the sentence? They may allege, "America's a free country and it's my right to talk in public! a. free b. right c. allege d. public 57

ELTs Name the literary device Once school started, I looked for Eugene in all my classes, but PS 13 was a huge place and it took me days and many discreet questions to discover that Eugene was in honors classes for all his subjects, classes that were not open to me because English was not my first language. 58

Allegory Persons and event in a story are intended to mean something beyond themselves. Written to teach a lesson. 59

Symbol An object, event, animal, that stands for itself and something else 60

Pun An often humorous word/phrase that entertains by calling up two meanings from the word. 61

Sensory detail Use of details that appeal to the 5 senses, the S-S-S-T-T senses. 62