ENGLISH MODULE CONDITIONAL AND MIXED CONDITIONAL Grade X Semester 2 Academic Year 2016-2017
Learning Objectives: Students are able to identify some types of conditionals Students are able to make conditional sentence based on a right situation Students are able to explain the usage of mixed conditionals Students are able to use mixed conditionals Conceptual Map Type 0 Type 1 Conditional Sentences Type 2 Type 3 Mixed
CONDITIONALS A conditional sentence typically consists of an if-clause (which presents a condition) and a result clause. Example If it rains, the streets get wet. Basic Forms If Cluase Main Clause Zero Conditional Simple Present (V1) Present simple (V1) First Conditional Simple Present (V1) Will+infinitive(V1) Second Conditional Simple past (V2) Would+simple form Third Conditional Past perfect (had+v3) Would have+past participle(v3) ZERO CONDITIONAL is a structure used for talking about general truths -- things which always happen under certain conditions (note that most zero conditional sentences will mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if"). The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true -- scientific facts, general truths, and so on. o Example If you heat the water to 100 degrees, it boils. 1st CONDITIONAL is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future. The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future --things which may happen. o Example If you study hard, you will pass the test. 2nd CONDITIONAL is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. The second conditional is used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future -- things which don't or won't happen. o Example If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house. 3rd CONDITIONAL is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret. o Example If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam
MIXED CONDITIONALS In addition to all these tense variations that we can use in the first, second, and third conditionals, it is also possible to mix conditionals so that, for example, the if clause uses a verb form used in the first conditional and the main clause uses a verb form used in the third conditional. The context defines the meaning. Frequently the time in the if-clause and the time in the result clause are different: one clause may be in the present and the other in the past. A. Talk about the past consequence of situation that is still true at the time of the speaking. In other words, it describes how an action in the past effects the present. Pattern: If clause: simple past (2nd conditional). Main clause: would/wouldn t +have+v3(3rd conditional) Example: 1. (a) True: He is not a good student. He did not study, for the test yesterday. (b) Conditional: If he were a good student, he would yesterday. have studied for the test 2. (a) True: I really don t understand maths. I faild the test. (b) Conditional: If I really understood maths. I wouldn t have failed the test. B. Talk about the present consequence of a past action. In the other words, it describes how a general truth affects a past action. Pattern: If clause: past perfect-would/wouldn t +have+v3(3rd conditional) Main clause:would+simple form(v1) (2nd conditional). Example: 1. (a)true: I did not eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now. (b) Conditional: If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I would not be hungry now. 2. (a)true: I spent all my money on CDs. I haven t got any money today. (b)conditional: If I hadn t spent all my money on CDs, I would have some money.
EXERCISE LET S TRY! A. Decide whether the following Conditional Sentences are Type 0, I, II or III. 1. If he had dropped the vase, it would have broken. 2. If people eat too much, they get fat. 3. If you have to do the washing up, I will help you. 4. If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning... (song) 5. I wouldn't run away if I saw a spider. 6. We'd have given you a lift if you hadn't had your bike with you. 7. People die if they don't eat. 8. If you had listened to me, the accident wouldn't have happened. 9. If we don't get tickets for the concert, we'll stay at home. 10. They'd go by bus if they didn't have a car. 11. If there is no rain, the grass doesn't grow. 12. She'll hear us if you don't stop laughing. 13. He wouldn't have taken the bread if he hadn't been hungry. B. Make Zero Conditional sentences, use cues. 1. Jane / eat / too much chocolate / she /get / sick 2. You / not / eat / you / die 3. You / heat / ice / it / melts C. Make 1st Conditional sentences, put the verbs in brackets in correct form. 1. If you (not study), you (fail) the test. 2. I (lend) you my umbrella if you (need) it. 3. If I (be late), I (call) you. D. Write 2nd Conditional sentences, put the verbs in brackets in correct form. 1. I (not,go) the office if I (be) you. 2. If you (be) nicer to him, he (lend) you the money 3. It (be) nice if the rain (stop)! E. Write 3rd Conditional sentences, put the verbs in brackets in correct order. 1. He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving. If he (fall) asleep while driving, he (crash) his car. 2. I lost my job because I was late for work. I (loose) my job if I (be)late for work. 3. We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money. If we (have)enough money, we (go)to the concert.
F. Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type 0, I, II or III) by putting the verbs into the correct form. 1. If they (have) time at the weekend, they will come to see us. 2. If we sneak out quietly, nobody (notice). 3. If we (know) about your problem, we would have helped you. 4. If I (be) you, I would not buy that dress. 5. It's easier to sleep if you (not / be) stressed. 6. We (arrive) earlier if we had not missed the bus. 7. If I didn't have a mobile phone, my life (not / be) complete. 8. Okay, I (get) the popcorn if you buy the drinks. 9. If I (tell) you a secret, you would be sure to leak it. 10. She (go) out with you if you had only asked her. 11. I would not have read your diary if you (not hide) it in such an obvious place. 12. His mother gets annoyed if he (be) late. G. Finish the sentences with a clause in the correct conditional: 1. If it is sunny tomorrow 2. If you sit in the sun too long 3. If I were you 4. If I were the Prime Minister 5. If she had studied harder 6. If I won the lottery 7. If I hadn t gone to bed so late 8. If I hadn t come to London 9. If you mix water and electricity 10. If she hadn t stayed at home Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below following the example given with the appropriate conditional form. 1. She will be taking care of the children for us next weekend because her business trip was cancelled. But, she (take, not) would not be taking care of the children for us next weekend if her business trip (be, not) had not been cancelled. 2. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday. But, he (come) if you (insult) him. 3. Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married. But, Marie (be) happy if she (give, not) up her career when she got married. 4. Dr. Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take six months off to spend more time with his family. But, Dr. Mercer (accept) the research grant at Harvard if he (take, not) six months off to spend more time with his family. 5. Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on African tribal groups. But, Professor Schmitz (talk, not) so much about the Maasai tribe if she (be, not) an expert on African tribal groups. 6. I am unemployed because I had a disagreement with my boss and I was fired. But, I (be, not) unemployed if I (have, not) a disagreement with my boss and I (be, not) fired. More Exercises: A. Change the following statements into conditional sentences. 1. I didn t buy it because I didn t have enough money. I would have bought it if I had had enough money. 2. I m not you, so I didn t tell him the truth. 3. Ann didn t pass the entrance examination, so she wasn t admitted to the university.
4. There are so many bugs in the room because there isn t a screen on the window. 5. I received a good job offer from the oil company, so I won t seriously consider taking the job with the electronics firm. 6. You are tired this morning because you didn t go to bed at a reasonable hour last night. B. Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type 0, I, II or III) by putting the verbs into the correct form. 1. If you (send) this letter now, she will receive it tomorrow. 2. If we had a yacht, we (sail) the seven seas. 3. We would help you if we (know) how. 4. If you mix red and white you (get) pink. 5. If they had listened to me, we (be) home earlier. 6. If I do this test, I (improve) my English. 7. If they (tell) their father, he would be very angry. 8. If you add sugar it (taste) sweet. 9. If you (ask) me, I would have helped you. 10. Peggy (go) shopping if she has time in the afternoon. 11. Butter (melt) if you leave it in the sun. 12. If he had more time, he (learn) karate. 13. If we had gone to the cinema, we (see) my friend Jacob. 14. Simon will go to London next week if he (get) a cheap flight. 15. If you press this switch the DVD player (come) on. 16. I would invite all my friends if (have) a house by the beach. 17. If you had spoken English, she (understand). 18. If you went by bike more often, you (be / not) so flabby. 19. If I (not / break) my leg, I would have taken part in the contest. 20. If I find your ring, I (give) it back to you. C. Write down the actual meaning or fact of these conditional sentences below. 1. If all students pass their final examination, the teacher will give a party for them at his house. 2. If I worked in a factory, I wouldn t have much time to study. 3. If the car were in better condition, we could make a long trip now. 4. I would have been in Jakarta if the bus hadn t got an accident. 5. If we went to bed early every nigt, we wouldn t be so tired all the time. 6. If I had known that you were in Bandung, I would have shown you some interesting places. 7. If I have enough time tomorrow, I will write to my parents. 8. If the company s personnel department had mailed the letter earlier, I wouldn t have been too late for the interview. 9. Had the company not raised Jack s salary, he would have looked for another job. 10. If he prepared his lessons, he would pass his examinations. References
Indirect Quiz http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/flatmates/episode46/ languagepoint.html (retrieved on July 22, 2016) Puchta, et al. 2013. English in mind. 4th ed. Cambridge: University press. Quick Grammar http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/quick-grammar/reported-questions (retrieved on July 21, 2016)