Introduction to the Internet of Things Marco Zennaro, PhD Telecommunications/ICT4D Lab The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste, Italy
Introduction to IoT Vision
History of IoT The first telemetry system was rolled out in Chicago way back in 1912. It is said to have used telephone lines to monitor data from power plants. Telemetry expanded to weather monitoring in the 1930s, when a device known as a radiosonde became widely used to monitor weather conditions from balloons. In 1957 the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, and with it the Space Race. This has been the entry of aerospace telemetry that created the basis of our global satellite communications today. Introduction to IoT
History of IoT Broad adoption of M2M technology began in the 1980s with wired connections for SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) on the factory floor and in home and business security systems. In the 1990s, M2M began moving toward wireless technologies. ADEMCO built their own private radio network to address intrusion and smoke detection because budding cellular connectivity was too expensive. In 1995, Siemens introduced the first cellular module built for M2M. Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT History of IoT
Why IoT now? Ubiquitous Connectivity Widespread Adoption of IP Computing Economics Miniaturization Advances in Data Analytics Rise of Cloud Computing Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT RPi Zero: $5
Introduction to IoT IoT Definition
ITU Definition Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT). It clarifies the concept and scope of the IoT, identifies the fundamental characteristics and high-level requirements of the IoT and describes the IoT reference model. Date: 2012-06-15 Introduction to IoT
ITU Definition The IoT can be viewed as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies (ICT). Introduction to IoT Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Things Things are objects of the physical world (physical things) or of the information world (virtual world) which are capable of being identified and integrated into communication networks. Things have associated information, which can be static and dynamic. Introduction to IoT Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Things Physical things exist in the physical world and are capable of being sensed, actuated and connected. Examples of physical things include the surrounding environment, industrial robots, goods and electrical equipment. Virtual things exist in the information world and are capable of being stored, processed and accessed. Examples of virtual things include multimedia content and application software. Introduction to IoT Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Introduction to IoT Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Any-Time/Place/Thing Introduction to IoT Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Introduction to IoT
ITU Definition A device is a piece of equipment with the mandatory capabilities of communication and optional capabilities of sensing, actuation, data capture, data storage and data processing. The devices collect various kinds of information and provide it to the information and communication networks for further processing. Some devices also execute operations based on information received from the information and communication networks. Introduction to IoT Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Fundamental characteristics Interconnectivity: With regard to the IoT, anything can be interconnected with the global information and communication infrastructure. Heterogeneity: The devices in the IoT are heterogeneous as based on different hardware platforms and networks. They can interact with other devices or service platforms through different networks. Dynamic changes: The state of devices change dynamically, e.g., sleeping and waking up, connected and/or disconnected as well as the context of devices including location and speed. Moreover, the number of devices can change dynamically. Introduction to IoT Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Fundamental characteristics Enormous scale: The number of devices that need to be managed and that communicate with each other will be at least an order of magnitude larger than the devices connected to the current Internet. The ratio of communication triggered by devices as compared to communication triggered by humans will noticeably shift towards devicetriggered communication. Introduction to IoT Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Predictions Introduction to IoT Source: Cisco IBSG, April 2011
Introduction to IoT Predictions
Predictions Introduction to IoT Source: http://www.postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic/
Internet of Fewer Things Introduction to IoT http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/internet/the-internet-of-fewer-things
Introduction to IoT
IoT Architecture Node Gateway Services
IoT Architecture: node Sensor Protocol Wireless link+ Protocol Controller, Memory, Power Management
IoT Architecture: gateway Input same standard as Output?
IoT Architecture: gateway access point WiFi Ethernet
IoT Architecture: gateway! BT Ethernet
IoT Architecture: gateway! SMS Ethernet
IoT Architecture: services Graphing Machine Learning Alerting
IoT Architecture: node Sensor Protocol Wireless link Controller, Memory, Power Management
Network Connectivity Key aspects when considering network connectivity: Range - are you deploying to a single office floor or an entire city? Data Rate - how much bandwidth do you require? How often does your data change? Power - is your sensor running on mains or battery? Frequency - have you considered channel blocking and signal interference? Security - will your sensors be supporting mission critical applications? Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT Source: http://www.postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic/
IPv6 Smart Objects will add tens of billions of additional devices There is no scope for IPv4 to support Smart Object Networks IPv6 is the only viable way forward Solution to address exhaustion Stateless Auto-configuration thanks to Neighbor Discovery Protocol Each embedded node can be individually addressed/accessed Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT Connectivity Landscape
IoT Architecture: node Sensor Protocol Wireless link Controller, Memory, Power Management
Introduction to IoT Source: http://www.postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic/
Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT Applications
Introduction to IoT Applications
Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT
Introduction to IoT IoT Landscape
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