Pattern Based Attendance System using RF module

Pattern Based Attendance System using RF module 1 Bishakha Samantaray, 2 Megha Sutrave, 3 Manjunath P S Department of Telecommunication Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India Email: 1 bishakha.s.ray@gmail.com, 2 megha.sutrave@gmail.com, 3 manjunathps.tce@bmsce.ac.in Abstract -This paper aims at implementing biometric capable technology that can be used in automating the entire attendance system for the students pursuing courses at an educational institute. The goal can be disintegrated into finer sub-targets; fingerprint capture, identification, and wireless transfer of identification information. For each sub-task, various methods from literature are analyzed. From the study of the entire process, an integrated approach is proposed.biometrics based technologies are supposed to be very efficient personal identifiers as they can keep track of characteristics believed to be unique to each person. Among these technologies, Fingerprint Recognition is universally applied. The student attendance system is very relevant in an institute since it aims at eliminating all the hassles of roll calling and malpractice and promises a full-proof as well as reliable technique of keeping records of student s attendance. Index Terms: biometrics, fingerprint (FP), microcontroller, switches, RF modules,wireless transmission, LCD display, fingerprint scanning, fingerprint matching. I. INTRODUCTION In order to implement the system we had to accomplish several things: 1. Building the system block diagram to carry out the necessary operations required to record attendance of the students. 2. Analysing and implementing the techniques of fingerprint scanning and matching employed by the fingerprint sensor module[1]. 3. Analysing and implementing the concepts of wireless data transmission between a pair of RF modules (transmitter and receiver). 4. Employing various programming and interfacing techniques relating to microcontroller in order to control the fingerprint sensor module, LCD display and communicating RF modules. The pattern based attendance system basically consists of two block diagrams-one for transmitter and the other one for receiver. Each one of them has LCD displays and microcontrollers. functions with the help 5 switches. An LCD display is used for the purposes of displaying information such as successful scanning and matching of fingerprints, and subsequent recording of the attendance at the student s end [2]. A power supply unit powers the various other units by converting and supplying the required power levels. A microcontroller is used for the decision making purposes. Finally, the fingerprint matching status and ID of the student is communicated by the RF transmitter. Fig 1: Transmitter block Diagram Receiver Block:The receiver side is as shown in figure 2 and responsible for communicating the fingerprint matching information to the authorities who grant attendance to the student on successful matching of the fingerprint. An LCD display is used for displaying the successful and unsuccessful matching. The microcontroller is used for decision making purposes. RF receiver receives the student ID and fingerprint matching status from the RF transmitter. A power supply unit powers the various other units by converting and supplying the required power levels. Transmitter block:this block of the system is as shown in figure 1 and responsible for fingerprint Fig 2: Receiver Block Diagram scanning and matching. It takes directions for various 1

A. BIOMETRICS II. BACKGROUND WORK Biometrics is becoming new state of art method of security systems. Biometrics are used to prevent unauthorized access to ATM, cell phones, laptops, offices, cars and many other security concerned things bringing significant changes in security systems making them more secure than before, efficient and cheap. They have changed the old security system from passwords and car keys to something that can be embodied (retinal patterns, fingerprints, voice recognition) [4]. Biometrics is verifying the identity of an individual through physiological measurements or behavioural traits. Since biometric identifiers are associated permanently with the user they are more reliable than token or knowledge based authentication methods and far more secure and accurate than traditional security systems [3]. For example a password based security system has always the threat of being stolen and accessed by the unauthorized user. B. RF TECHNOLOGY A radio frequency field (RF field) is an alternating current which, when put through an antenna, generates an electromagnetic field for wireless broadcasting or communication by sending a current through an antenna. RF fields are produced by various sources such as mobile radio communication transmissions, radio and television broadcasting, radar, and cell phones. The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio Frequency. The corresponding frequency range varies between 30 khz & 300 GHz. In RF system, the digital data is represented as variations in the amplitude of carrier wave. This kind of modulation is known as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared) because of many reasons. Firstly, signals through RF can travel through larger distances making it suitable for long range applications. Also, while IR mostly operates in line-of-sight mode, RF signals can travel even when there is an obstruction between transmitter & receiver [3]. RF transmission is stronger and reliable. It uses a specific frequency unlike IR signals. RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (TX/Rx) pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz [6]. An RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly through RF through its antenna connected at pin 4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps. The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter[5]. III. IMPLEMENTATION A. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 1)Transmitter circuit: The transmitter circuit consists of 5 switches, AVR microcontroller [7] AT89S52, fingerprint module R305, RF module 434A, 16 X 2 LCD and power supply. Switch interfacing: The switches SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, and SW5 are connected to the pins 3,4,5,6 and 7 of port1 of AT89S52 respectively. The operation of these switches is controlled by the microcontroller programming. LCD interfacing: The data pins D0-D7 of the LCD are connected to pin 0-7 of the port 2 of AT89S52 respectively. The control pins (register select, read/write, enable) are connected to pins 5-7 of port 3 of AT89S52 respectively. The data that is to be displayed on the LCD is provided by the microcontroller programming. Fingerprint module interfacing: The pins 3 and 4 of the fingerprint module R305 are connected to pins 1 and 2 of port 1 of AT89S52 respectively. The pin 3 of R305 is the transmitter to P1.1 which acts as the receiver for the microcontroller. The pin 4 of R305 is the receiver to P1.2 which acts as the transmitter for the microcontroller. RF module 434A interfacing: The pin 2 (data pin) of the RF module is connected to P0.0 of AT89S52. The data which is to be transmitted is forwarded to this data pin through the microcontroller. VCC and Ground connections: The pin 20 of AT89S52 is provided with the ground connection. Pin 5 is given +5V power supply. For the LCD display, pin 1 is connected to ground, pin 2 is connected to +5V and pin 3 is connected to a variable resistor to control the display contrast. For the fingerprint module R305, pin 1 is supplied with +5V and pin 2 is connected to ground. For the RF module 434A, pin 3 is supplied with +5V and pin 1 is connected to ground. 2)Receiver Circuit: The receiver circuit consists of AVR microcontroller [7] AT89S52, RF module 434A, 16 X 2 LCD and power supply. LCD interfacing: The data pins D0-D7 of the LCD are connected to pin 0-7 of the port 2 of AT89S52 respectively. The control pins (register select, read/write enable)are connected to pins 5-7 of port 3 of AT89S52 respectively. The data that is to be displayed on the LCD is provided by microcontroller programming. RF module 434A interfacing: The pin 2 (data pin) of the RF module is connected to P0.0 of AT89S52.The data which is received by the RF module is forwarded to the microcontroller through this pin. VCC and Ground connections: The pin 20 of AT89S52 is provided with the ground connection. Pin 5 is given +5V power supply. For the LCD display, pin 1 is connected to ground, pin 2 is connected to +5V and pin 3 is connected to a variable resistor to control the display contrast. For the RF module 434A, pins4 and 5 are supplied with +5V and pins 1, 6 and 7 are connected to ground. 2

B. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION For the purposes of programming the microcontrollers, ISP [8] programmer has been used. In system programming allows programming and re programming of any AVR microcontroller position inside the endsystem. Using a simple three wire SPI interface, the ISP communicates serially with the AVR microcontroller reprogramming all non-volatile memories on the chip. ISP eliminates the physical removal of chips from the system. The Flow Chart for programming the microcontroller is as shown below. It depicts the various functions that are scanning and matching the fingerprints. C. TASKS PERFORMED BY THE SYSTEM 1) Fingerprint scanning and matching: The fingerprint sensor module R305 scans the fingerprints of the students and saves it. The microcontroller is interfaced with the fingerprint sensor, RF module and the 16 x 2 LCD. To record the attendance for the day, the system scans the fingerprint of the student and matches it with fingerprints stored. To register a user for the first time, the LCD displays Place ur finger for 1st time. The fingerprint is captured and stored in BUFFER1 of the fingerprint module. Then the LCD displays Place ur finger 2nd time. After capturing for second time, the module stores it in BUFFER2 of the fingerprint module. Then the module compares the two captured images and aligns them to form a single image that is stored in the Registered. For matching the fingerprint, LCD displays command PLACE UR FING. Once the fingerprint is captured, LCD displays SEARCHING. Then the LCD displays FINDING ID. If the fingerprint matches, it displays VALID. If the fingerprint does not match, it displays NOT REGISTERED. The fingerprint sensor is controlled using the microcontroller with the help of in-built functions, such as GetImg, StoreImg, DeleteImg, GenIMg, UpImg, DownImg etc. 2) Operation of the Switches:Sw4 & Sw2 are used to select the functions Addfingerprint and DeleteFingerprint respectively. Sw1 will be used for selecting the ID where we want to add the finger print and Sw3 is used to select the ID which we want to delete from library. Sw5 is used to confirm the selected ID to be added or deleted. When ADD switch is pressed it will ask to select the ID where we want to store the finger print. After that, it asks to place your finger two times in order to register a new finger print after selecting the ID. It will display the ID where you want to store your fingerprint. The same will happen in case of deleting the fingerprint also; it asks you to select id to be deleted. Sw5 is pressed in both the cases, while adding and deleting to confirm the ID to add or delete. By default, the system is in searching mode to detect any valid fingerprint. 3) Transmission of ID:Each time a fingerprint is matched, the microcontroller generates an 8-bit ID, i.e. called MATCH-ID. This MATCH-ID is then transmitted with the help of RF module whenever the fingerprint matches. If the fingerprint is not matched, then the microcontroller generates another 8-bit ID, i.e. called the MISMATCH-ID. This MISMATCH-ID is transmitted whenever there is a fingerprint mismatch. The RF module receives the 8-bit ID (whether MATCH-ID or MISMATCH-ID). Depending on the ID received, the microcontroller displays on the LCD. At receiver side the LCD will display the status of finger print like deleted, registered, valid Id, Invalid ID to indicate the Valid/Added or invalid/deleted Status of finger print while adding, deleting and matching. If the MATCH-ID is received, then LCD displays Valid Finger print. If the MISMATCH-ID is received, then the LCD displays InvalidFingerprint. IV. RESULTS A. RECORDING THE ATTENDANCE 1) To record the attendance for the day, the system scans the fingerprint of the student and matches it with fingerprints stored. For matching the fingerprint, LCD displays Transmitter side displays Place Ur Finger to Search as shown in figure 3. both BUFFER1 and BUFFER2.Now the LCD displays 3

5) If fingerprint doesn t match, The transmitter sidedisplays ID Not Matched. The receiver sidedisplays Invalid Finger Print as shown in figure 7. Fig 3: Transmitter Side Display The receiver side displays Finger Print Status as shown in figure 4. Fig 7: Receiver Displays Invalid FP B. ADDING A FINGERPRINT TO THE SYSTEM 1) To add a fingerprint, add button is pressed. Then transmitter side displays Select Id to add Finger Print as shown in figure 8. Fig 4: Receiver Side Display 2) After placing the finger, The transmitter side displays Searching. The receiver side displays Finger Print Status. 3) While searching, The transmitter sidedisplays Finding id. 4) If fingerprint matches, The transmitter sidedisplays ID Matched as shown in figure 5. Fig 5: Transmitter Displays ID Matched The receiver side displays Valid Finger Print as shown in figure 6. Fig 8: Transmitter Side Display to add FP Receiver side displays Finger Print Status. 2) To register a user for the first time, the LCD displays Place ur finger for 1st time.the fingerprint is captured and stored in BUFFER1 of the fingerprint module. Then the LCD displays Place ur finger 2nd time. After capturing for second time, the module stores it in BUFFER2 of the fingerprint module. Transmitter side displays Place ur finger for 1st time. Transmitter side displays Place ur finger 2nd time. 3) When a new user is registered, The transmitter side displays Finger Print Registered as shown in figure 9. Fig 6: Receiver Displays Valid FP Fig 9: Transmitter Display after Registering FP 4

Receiver displays Finger Print Added as shown in figure 10. Fig 10: Receiver Display after adding FP C. DELETING A REGISTERED USER FROM THE SYSTEM 1) To delete a fingerprint stored in an ID, delete button is pressed. The transmitter side displays Select ID to Del Finger Print as shown in figure 11. Fig 11: Transmitter Side Display to delete FP 2) When the registered ID is deleted, The transmitter side displays Selected ID Deleted as shown in figure 12. Fig 12: Transmitter Side Display to select FP The receiver side displays Finger Print Deleted as shown in figure 13. The receiver side displays Finger Print Status. Fig 13: Receiver Display after deleting FP V. CONCLUSION Earlier attempts were made to create attendance system without the wireless transmission. In our system we have employed wireless module consisting of Tx/Rx RF module which is more applicable and efficient. The earlier attempted wireless attendance systems were costlier whereas our system employs RF modules which are comparatively cheaper, robust and can be deployed in any educational institutions ranging from various schools to colleges. The fingerprints of different students were successfully enrolled. The fingerprints were further verified and several dry runs were made that confirmed matches and mismatches for different samples. The outputs for all the trial runs and process demonstration were recorded. The data transfer was made across a wireless channel in the lab connecting two terminals. Wireless communication meant that the range was limited to a short span but the data transfer process was efficient enough for the successful functioning of the system. VI. FUTURE WORK 1. The system can be improved by extending the block diagram to include interface with the computer and to include GUI to show student information and attendance records. Such a system would allow the teachers to calculate attendance percentage for the students. 2. The wireless transmission could be made efficient for longer distances by using ZIGBEE technology. Such a system could allow the attendance data to be submitted directly to the servers of controller of examination. REFERENCES [1] Wireless Fingerprint Attendance System using ZigBee Technology, L.Rajasekar, S.Vivek, International Journal of Power Control Signal and Computation(IJPCSC) Vol3. No1. Jan-Mar 2012 ISSN: 0976-268X. [2] Comparison of different Neural networks for IRIS recognition : A Review,ShivaniGodara, Rajeev Gupta Rajasthan Technical University, Kota Network and Complex Systems ISSN 2224-5

610X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0603 (Online) Vol 2, No.4, 2012. [3] Survey of Different Biometrics Techniques. JitendraChoudhary, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 2, Issue. 5, Sep.-Oct. 2012 pp-3150-3155 ISSN: 2249-6645. [4] Literature Survey on Automated Person Identification Techniques Sruthy Sebastian IJCSMC, Vol. 2, Issue. 5, May 2013, pg.232 237. [5] RF Based Wireless Remote using RX-TX MODULES (434MHz.) by Strobotix.pvt.ltd [6] Electricity theft detection using RF - AnchalGupta,AsthaNagpal, GeetikaSood, AbhishekChauhan,International Journal Of Engineering Research & Management Technology, ISSN: 2348-4039, March 2014 Volume 1, Issue 2. [7] THE AVR Microcontroller and embedded system using assembly and C - By Muhammed Ali MazidiSarmadNaimi and SepehrNaimi [8] AVR910: In-System Programming. 8-bit RISC Microcontroller, Application Note by Atmel corp 6