HISTORY OF MUSIC- UNIT 6 THE 20 TH CENTURY Hombre con guitarra, Braque (1911) MOMA.
THE 20 TH CENTURY (P.97) Dramatic social, scientific and technological advances. (ex. book) Great wars: Holocaust, atomic bomb (invention), USA vs. USSR. Totalitarian, dictatorial regimes: Hitler and Mussolini (fascism), Lenin, Stalin, Mao (communism) and Franco (Spain). First World War(1914-1918): between Germany and Astro- Hungarian Empire. IT on one side, and FR, UK, RS on the other side. Russian revolution-1917: led by Lenin. End to absolutism, stared the Union of Soviet Socialism Republics (USSR). Second World War (1939-1945): cause by the military expansion on Germany (nazi). Cold War (1945-1991): political tension between Capitalism Bloc (USA) and Communism Bloc (USSR). It ended with the dissolution of the USSR. La masacre, Renato (1963)
ART (P.97) Fauvism: Matisse (intense colors and antinatural). Expressionism: Kandinsky, Munch (aimed to reflect emotions and feelings) Cubism: Braque, Picasso (broke away from the traditional perspective. Use geometric shapes to recreate reality) Futurism: Boccioni, Balla (modeled itself on the machines of modern world) Dadaism: Dunchamp Surrealism: Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró (explored the world of the subconscious and dreams).
FAUVISM- MATISSE Henri Matisse, The dance and The music (1909-1910). The dance: holding hands vs. The music: separate from each other. Colors: cobalt blue (sky), turquoise green (grass), orange red (people).
EXPRESSIONISM- MUNCH The Scream, Munch (1893). Emotions: anxiety, loneliness and despair. Loneliness: industrial society (end of XIX). Left (of the railing): the screamer and his desperation. Right: the world, the empty, the incomprehension.
CUBISM- PABLO PICASSSO The three musicians, Picasso (1921). Three figures. Left: a pierrot (comic Italian theatre) playing the clarinet. Middle: harlequin with a guitar. Right: a monk who s holding a sheet music and singing.
CUBISM + EXPRESSIONISM - PICASSO Guernica, Pablo Picasso (1937) To express his outrage over the Nazi bombing of a Basque city in northern Spain, ordered by General Franco An international symbol of genocide committed during wartime. Horse: in the centre. Representing innocent people Blazing light: symbolizes incendiary bombs. Dove: peace. Guernica, Picasso (1937)
SURREALISM- SALVADOR DALÍ The Persistence of Memory, Dalí (1931). Inspired by the surrealist perception of a Camembert (cheese) melting in the sun. The sea and the sky (bottom) melt in the middle. The land (forefront). 'Melting Clocks may symbolize the passing of time.
SURREALISM- JOAN MIRÓ The Harlequin s Carnival, Miró (1924-25). Although the harlequin resembles a guitar, he still retains some of his harlequin characteristics such as a checkered costume, a mustache, an admiral s hat, and a pipe, The harlequin in this painting is sad. This detail may refer to Miró s personal life experiences, because at this point in his life he did not have much money for food and was on the brink of starvation.
POP ART ANDY WARHOL Marilyn Monroe, Andy Warhol (1964). The work was completed during the weeks after Marilyn Monroe s death. It contains fifty images of the actress which are all based on a single publicity photograph. From the film Niagara.
SCULPTURE- BOTERO The Maternity, Fernando Botero (1989). Oviedo. 800 kg, 2,5 m. Exaggerated volume: can represent political criticism or humor.
EDUARDO CHILLIDA The Comb of the Wind, Chillida (1977). San Sebastián. There are three of them. 10 tons each, embedded in natural rocks rising from the Cantabrian Sea. A viewing area was created on the nearby coast that includes wave-driven outlets for air and water.
DADAISM- DUNCHUMP Bicycle wheel (1913). First ready made ** of this author. A monument of the modern crisis. Fountain (1917). In December 2004 was voted the most influential artwork of the 20 th century. He said I threw the bottle-rack and the urinal into their faces as a challenge and now they admire them for their aesthetic beauty. ** Ordinary manufactured objects that the artist selected and modified, as an antidote to what he called retinal art.
20 TH CENTURY- MUSIC Numerous conceptions, all of them revolutionary, appeared about what was, or wasn t, music. There had never been so many different musical movements at the same time. Characterized by Pursuing novelty, experimentation and originality. Searching for new musical language that broke away from precious concepts of tone, rhythm and timbre. Exploring different ways of representing music. Using new computer and instrumental resources.
MINIMAL MUSIC- Phillip Glass Music based on minimal materials. They MUSICAL MOVEMENTS- AUTHOR(S) POSTROMANTICISM- C. Saint-Saens, Mahler, Strauss EXPRESSIONISM- Schoenberg NUEVA SONORIDAD- Stravinsky NEOCLASSICISM- Joaquín Rodrigo FUTURISM Edgar Varèse ALEATORIC MUSIC- John Cage. ELECTRONIC MUSIC - Stockhauasen CHARACTERISTICS Loneliness. Rebellion against the bourgeois. Free spirit. Against the social values. It might sound strange to our ears because of: atonalism, dodecafonismo (12 notes). A mix of multiples styles. They pretend to conect with the audience with music that is not strange to our ears. Classical models (Classical period and Baroque). Introduccion to noises and machines in music. They were inspired on the industrial society. Technological develop. Music: record with musical instruments, objects (recording those sounds). Sound: with an electronic instrument.
AUDITIONS POSTROMANTICISM: C. Saint-Saens Fósiles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgi-hyvslpu EXPRESSIONISM: Arnold Schönberg: Pierrot Lunaire - 9. Gebet an Pierrot https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7a7qtcdwioy NUEVA SONORIDAD: Igor Stravinsky - The Rite of Spring https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffpjfjuonx8 NEOCLASICISM: Joaquín Rodrigo, Concierto Serenata Para Arpa Y Orquesta https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjv3tronnrk FUTURISM: Edgard Varèse, Ionisation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wclwabufoja
ALEATORIC MUSIC: John Cage's 4'33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtefkfixsx4 ELECTRONIC MUSIC: Karlheinz Stockhausen Gesang Der Jünglinge (Canto de los adolescentes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1psx24n3rm MINIMALISM : Philip Glass - Escape! The Hours soundtrack https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=no_dwlcxiyq Women composers 20th century: Amy Beach Piano Concerto https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nzg3ot1yj8 Sofia Gubaidulina - In Tempus Praesens https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8jvsyj-qv8 María Teresa Prieto Fátima Miranda, cantos robados https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsflcdjolq0 Rebeca Clarcke, Passacaglia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0oc6y1h6o8