TRADITIONAL PRINT SOURCES

PHCC LIBRARIES MLA Documentation and Format This handout was developed using the 7 th edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. The MLA Reference Number is included where applicable, and all citations reflect the rules found in the Modern Language Association s most current handbook. For more in-depth information, please reference these books, which are on reserve at all of the PHCC libraries. TRADITIONAL PRINT SOURCES (books, journal articles)... 2 A Book by a Single Author (5.5.2)... 2 A Book by Two or More Authors (5.5.4)... 2 Two or More Books by the Same Author (5.3.4)... 2 A Book with No Person Named as Author (5.5.9)... 3 A Second or Subsequent Edition (5.5.13)... 3 Information Written by an Editor or Compiler of a Collection (such as a literature textbook) (5.5.3)... 3 An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword in a Book That is Not a Collection (5.5.8)... 3 An Essay, Short Story, or Poem in a Collection (such as a literature textbook) (5.5.6)... 3 An Article in a Reference Book (5.5.7)... 4 A Multivolume Work (5.5.14)... 4 A Translation (5.5.11)... 4 An Article in a Journal (5.4.2)... 4 A Journal Article or Book Chapter Reprinted in a Reference Book (5.5.6)... 5 An Article in a Newspaper (5.4.5)... 5 An Article in a Magazine (5.4.6)... 6 NON-PRINT SOURCES (films, interviews, lectures)... 6 A Film, DVD, or Video Recording (5.7.3)... 6 A Television or Radio Broadcast (5.7.1)... 6 A Personal or Broadcast Interview (5.7.7)... 7 A Painting, Photograph, or Other Work of Visual Art (5.7.6)... 7 INTERNET SOURCES... 7 For More Than One Author - See Traditional Print Sources Above A Website or an Article or Page in a Website (5.6.2)... 8 Additional Examples for Sources from Websites (5.6.2)... 8 An Article in a Newspaper (5.6.2)... 9 An Article in a Magazine (5.6.2)... 9 An Image (5.6.2)... 9 A Television or Radio Program (5.6.2)... 10 A Video Recording (5.6.2)... 10 A Podcast (5.6.2)... 10 A Blog Entry (5.6.2)... 10 A Wiki (5.6.2)... 10 Books, Short Stories, and Other Works that Have Been Scanned from Print Sources (5.6.2)... 10 A Film or Video Recording with Other Publication Information (5.6.2)... 11 LINCC ELECTRONIC RESOURCES (PHCC DATABASES)... 11 For More Than One Author - See Traditional Print Sources Above An Article in a Journal (5.6.4)... 11 A Journal Article or Book Chapter Reprinted in a Reference Book (5.5.6)... 11 An Article in a Newspaper (5.6.4)... 12 An Article in a Magazine (5.6.4)... 12 An Article in an Online Reference Book (encyclopedia, dictionary) 5.6.2... 12 A LINCC Online Book... 13 An Article from Issues and Controversies... 13 An Item from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center... 13 IN-TEXT CITATIONS... 13 Author Not Named In Your Sentence (6.4.2)... 13 Author Named In Your Sentence (6.4.2)... 13 A Work with Two or Three Authors (6.4.2)... 14 A Work with More Than Three Authors (6.3)... 14 A Work by an Author of Two or More Cited Works (6.4.6)... 14 An Work with No Person Named as Author (6.4.4)... 14 An Indirect Source (use when what you quote or paraphrase is a quotation) (6.4.7)... 15 A Multivolume Work (6.4.3)... 15 Two or More Works in the Same Citation (6.4.9)... 15 FORMATTING AN MLA STYLE PAPER... 16 First Page (4.3)... 16 Works Cited Page (5.3.2)... 16 1

TRADITIONAL PRINT SOURCES (books, journal articles) A Book by a Single Author (5.5.2) Give the author s full name last name first, a comma, first name and any middle name or initial. Omit any title, such as Dr. or PhD. End the name with a period. Author. Book Title. City: Publisher, Year. Medium. Mormino, Gary R. Land of Sunshine, State of Dreams: A Social History of Modern Florida. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 2005. Print. A Book by Two or More Authors (5.5.4) Give the authors names in the order provided on the title page. Reverse the first and last names of the first author only, not any of the other authors. Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. Print. Lifton, Robert Jay, and Greg Mitchell. Who Owns Death: Capital Punishment, and American Conscience, and the End of Executions. New York: Morrow, 2000. Print. If there are more than three authors, you may name only the first and add et al. ( and others ), or you may give all names in full in the order in which they appear on the title page. or Cashin, James A., et al. Schaum s Outline of Theory and Problems of Intermediate Accounting. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989. Print. Cashin, James A., Joel Lerner, Saul Feldman, and Baruch England. Schaum s Outline of Theory and Problems of Intermediate Accounting. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989. Print. Two or More Books by the Same Author (5.3.4) To cite two or more works by the same author, give the name in the first entry only. From then on, in the place of the name, type three hyphens, followed by a period and the title. If the person named is an editor, compiler, or translator, place a comma after the three hyphens and write the appropriate abbreviation (for example, ed., comp., or trans.). If a single author cited in an entry is also the first of multiple authors in the following entry, repeat the name in full; do not substitute three hyphens. Walters, Glenn D. The Criminal Lifestyle: Patterns of Serious Criminal Conduct. Newbury Park: Sage, 1990. Print. ---. Drugs and Crime in Lifestyle Perspective. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994. Print. 2

A Book with No Person Named as Author (5.5.9) 3 If a book has no person named as author or editor on the title page, begin the entry with the title. Do not use Anonymous or Anon. Alphabetize the entry by the title, ignoring an initial A, An, or The. If the work is a periodical article or other short work, enclose the title in quotation marks. American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style. Boston: Houghton, 2005. Print. The Dorling Kindersley World Reference Atlas. London: Dorling, 2007. Print. Let the Horse Race Begin. Time 31 Mar. 2008: 22. Print. A Second or Subsequent Edition (5.5.13) For any edition after the first, place the edition number after the title. If an editor s name follows the title, place the edition number after the name. Identify the edition by number (2nd ed.), name (Rev. ed. for Revised edition ), or year (2008 ed.) whichever the title page indicates. Bolinger, Dwight L. Aspects of Language. 3rd ed. New York: Harcourt, 1981. Print. Information Written by an Editor or Compiler of a Collection (such as a literature textbook) (5.5.3) When you use information from a preface or explanatory pages in a collection such as a literature textbook with short stories and poetry, the source is the editor or compiler, and the listing must start with the name of the editor or compiler. Handle editors and compilers names like authors names, but add a comma and the abbreviation ed. or comp., or eds. and comps. for two or more editors or compilers. Davis, Anita Price, comp. North Carolina During the Great Depression: A Documentary Portrait of a Decade. Jefferson: MacFarland, 2003. Print. Holland, Merlin, and Rupert Hart-Davis, eds. The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde. New York: Holt, 2000. Print. Spafford, Peter, comp. and ed. Interference: The Story of Czechoslovakia in the Words of Its Writers. Cheltenham: New Clarion, 1992. Print. An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword in a Book That is Not a Collection (5.5.8) Begin with the name of the author of the preface, foreword, or afterword, and then give the name of the part being cited, capitalize but do not italicize or enclose in quotation marks (Introduction, Preface, Foreword, Afterword). Cite the author of the complete work after its title, giving the full name, in normal order, preceded by the word By. Coetzee, J.M. Introduction. The Confusion of Young Törless. By Robert Musil. Trans. Shaun Whiteside. New York: Penguin, 2001. v-xiii. Print. Sears, Barry. Afterword. The Jungle. By Upton Sinclair. New York: Signet, 2001. 343-47. Print. An Essay, Short Story, or Poem in a Collection (such as a literature textbook) (5.5.6) When you are using a short written work found in a collection of works such as short stories, essays, or poems by various authors, your source is that particular short written work, not the whole book. Use quotation marks for the title of short works such as articles, essays, short stories, or poems. The name of what the short work is published in (book, magazine, journal, website) is put in italics.

Author. Title of Selection. Book Title. Editors or compilers. City: Publisher, Year. Page(s). Medium. Bordo, Susan. The Moral Content of Nabokov s Lolita. Aesthetic Subjects. Ed. Pamela R. Matthews and David McWhirter. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2003. 125-52. Print. Mason, Bobbie Ann. Shiloh. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 10th ed. New York: Longman, 2007. 604-13. Print. Oates, Joyce Carol. Life after High School. Perrine s Literature, Structure, Sound, and Sense. Ed. Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson. 8th ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt College, 2002. 572-87. Print. An Article in a Reference Book (5.5.7) Treat an encyclopedia article or dictionary entry as you would treat an entry in a collection (listed above). If the article/entry has no author, give the title first in quotation marks. For well-known works (The Encyclopedia Americana, Merriam-Webster s Collegiate Dictionary), you may leave out the editors names and all the publication information except any edition number and the year of publication. For works that are not well-known (Encyclopedia of Bioethics), give full publication information. Allen, Anita L. Privacy in Health Care. Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Ed. Stephen G. Post. 3rd ed. Vol. 4. New York: Macmillan-Thomson, 2004. Print. Surmise. Merriam-Webster s Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed. 2008. Print. A Multivolume Work (5.5.14) If you use only one volume, give the volume number before the publication information (Vol. 5). If you use two or more volumes, give the work s total number of volumes before the publication information (5 vols.). Your in-text citation will indicate which volume you are using. Lawrence, D.H. The Letters of D.H. Lawrence. Ed. James T. Boulton. Vol.7. New York: Cambridge UP, 2000. Print. Lincoln, Abraham. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Ed. Roy P. Basler. 8 vols. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1953. Print. A Translation (5.5.11) State the author s name first and then give the translator s name, preceded by Trans., after the title. If the book has an editor as well as a translator, give the names, with appropriate abbreviations, in the order in which they appear on the title page. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Viking, 1996. Print. An Article in a Journal (5.4.2) Author. Article Title. Journal Title Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium. (Note that the words volume, issue, and page(s) nor any abbreviation of these words actually appears in the samples below.) 4

Jorgenson, Corinne, and Peter Jorgenson. Citations in Hypermedia: Maintaining Critical Links. College and Research Libraries 52 (1991): 528-36. Print. Krolik, Richard. Inventing Instant TV Traditions: George Stevens, Jr., Honoring just about Everybody in Sight. Television Quarterly 27.2 (1994): 69-75. Print. If a scholarly journal numbers only issues, not volumes, give the issue number alone after the journal title. Barba, Eugenio. The Return of the Ancient Gods. New Theatre Quarterly 10 (1994): 323-26. Print. A Journal Article or Book Chapter Reprinted in a Reference Book (5.5.6) Sometimes, an article that was originally printed in a book or journal is reprinted in a reference book. The source is still the article; however, the format shows that you obtained it from that book. You will begin by listing the information of the earlier publication and adding Rpt. in ( Reprinted in ) followed by the publication information of the reference book. Example of a book chapter/excerpt that has been reprinted in a book: Author. Article Title. Book Title. Editor(s). Edition. City: Publisher, Year. Page(s). Rpt. in Title of Book. Editor(s). City: Publisher, Year. Page(s). Medium. Grove, James. "Anne Tyler: Wrestling with the 'Lowlier Angel.'" Southern Writers at Century's End. Ed. Jeffrey J. Folks and James A. Perkins. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1997. 134-50. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Jeffrey W. Hunter. Vol. 205. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson, 2005. 272-81. Print. Example of a journal article that has been reprinted in a book: Author. Article Title. Journal Title Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Rpt. in Journal Title. Editor(s). City: Publisher, Year. Page(s). Medium. Walsh, Thomas F. The Bedeviling of Young Goodman Brown. Modern Language Quarterly. 19.4 (1958): 331-36. Rpt. in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Anna Sheets. Vol. 29. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 238-40. Print. An Article in a Newspaper (5.4.5) When citing an English-language newspaper, give the name as it appears on the front page, but omit any introductory article (New York Times, not The New York Times). If the city of publication is not included in the name of a locally published newspaper, add the city in square brackets, not italicized, after the name (e.g. Star Ledger [Newark]). For nationally published newspapers, you do not need to add the city. Do not include volume or issue numbers, but do include the edition (e.g. natl. ed., late ed.) if specified. Newspaper articles are often not written on consecutive pages. For such articles, write only the first page number and a plus sign, leaving no intervening spaces (6+). Author. Article Title. Newspaper Title Date, Edition: Page(s). Medium. 5

Arntaenius, Linda. Merwick Rezoning Pushes Senior Housing Debate. Town Topics [Princeton] 21 May 2008: 1+. Print. Jeromack, Paul. This Once, a David of the Art World Does Goliath a Favor. New York Times 13 July 2002, late ed.: B7+. Print. McKay, Peter A. Stocks Feel the Dollar s Weight. Wall Street Journal 4 Dec. 2006: C1+. Print. An Article in a Magazine (5.4.6) To cite a magazine published every week or every two weeks, give the complete date. If the magazine is published every month or every two months, give the month or months and year. Do not include a volume and issue number even if they are listed. If the magazine article is not written on consecutive pages, write only the first page number and a plus sign, leaving no intervening spaces (6+). Author. Article Title. Magazine Title Date: Page(s). Medium. McEvoy, Dermot. Little Books, Big Success. Publishers Weekly 30 Oct. 2006: 26-28. Print. Rosen, Craig. Columbia, Geffen Offer Joy for Aerosmith Fans. Billboard 8 Oct. 1994: 8-9. Print. Wood, Jason. Spellbound. Sight and Sound Dec. 2005: 28-30. Print. NON-PRINT SOURCES (films, interviews, lectures) A Film, DVD, or Video Recording (5.7.3) An entry for a film usually begins with the title, italicized, and includes the director, the distributor, the year of release, and the medium. You may also list other participants (writer, producer, lead performers, and so on) as you judge appropriate. Film Title. Director or other pertinent contributors (screenwriter, performer, producer). Distributor, Year. Medium. Control Room. Dir. Jehane Noujain. Lions Gate, 2004. DVD. It s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart and Donna Reed. RKO, 1946. Film. If you are citing the contribution of a particular individual, begin with that person s name. Chaplin, Charles, dir. City Lights. Perf. Chaplin, Virginia Cherrill, Florence Lee, and Harry Myers. United Artists, 1931. Film. Mifune, Toshiro, perf. Rashomon. Dir. Akira Kurosawa. 1950. Home Vision, 2001. Videocassette. A Television or Radio Broadcast (5.7.1) Start with the title unless you are citing the work of a person or persons. The first example here cites the episode title (in quotation marks) and the episode s narrator. You can include directors, performers, or other information you deem pertinent. If you list individuals who worked on the entire program, put their names after the program title. Title of the Episode. Title of the Program or Series. Network. Station Call Letters, City, Date. Medium. 6

Death and Society. Narr. Joanne Silberner. Weekend Edition Sunday. Natl. Public Radio. WUWM, Milwaukee, 25 Jan. 1998. Radio. Piece of My Heart. By Stacy McKee. Dir. Mark Tinker. Grey s Anatomy. ABC. KGO, San Francisco, 1 May 2008. Television. A Personal or Broadcast Interview (5.7.7) Begin with the name of the person interviewed. If you conducted the interview, specify Personal interview or the medium (Telephone interview or E-mail interview), and then give the date. For an interview you saw or heard, provide the title, if any, in quotation marks. If the interview is untitled, use Interview (no italics or quotation marks). If identified, add the name of the interviewer. Then follow the appropriate steps, depending on the kind of source it is (Radio, Television, Web). Blanchett, Cate. In Character with: Cate Blanchett. Notes on a Scandal. Dir. Richard Eyre. Fox Searchlight, 2006. DVD. Gordimer, Nadine. Interview. New York Times 10 Oct. 1991, late ed.:c25. Print. Sobrino, Kathy. Telephone interview. 11 June 2009. Wiesel, Elie. Interview by Ted Koppel. Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York, 18 Apr. 2002. Television. A Painting, Photograph, or Other Work of Visual Art (5.7.6) To cite an actual work of art, name the artist and give the title (in italics) and the date of creation (or N.d. if the date is not known). Then provide the medium of the work (e.g., Oil on canvas or Photograph) and the name and location of the owner. Use Private Collection if the owner is not known. If the work you see is a reproduction, provide the complete publication information for the source you used. Omit the medium of the work, and replace it with the medium of the reproduction. If you find a reproduction of a painting in your textbook, you will cite the painting as part of the print book (see the 2nd example below). Heckman, Albert. Windblown Trees. N.d. Lithograph on paper. Private collection. Hockney, David. Place Furstenberg, Paris. 1985. Coll. Art Gallery, New Paltz. David Hockney: A Retrospective. Ed. Maurice Tuchman and Stephanie Barron. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1988. 247. Print. Picasso, Pablo. Harlequin. 1901. Oil on canvas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. INTERNET SOURCES For More Than One Author See Traditional Print Sources Above Note that the samples below do not contain a URL (web address). A URL should only be included when the reader probably cannot locate the source without it, which is usually not the case, or when your instructor requires it. If you include the URL, give it immediately following the date of access, a period, and a space. Enclose the URL in angle brackets (<http://www.cnn.com>), and conclude with a period. 7

An Article or Page in a Website (5.6.2) Usually, your source is an article or page in a website, not the entire website. It is similar to finding an article in a newspaper or magazine. When you use more than one page or article from the same website, these should be considered and listed as different sources, just as you would do if you used more than one article from the same newspaper. Here is the general format: Author. Title of Article/Page. Title of the Site. Publisher/Sponsor, Date of Publication. Page Numbers. Medium. Date of Access. Fieldstone, Marsha. Tidal Flows in the Louisiana Delta. Union of Concerned Scientists: Citizens and Scientists for Environmental Solutions. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2007. N. pag. Web. 11 Mar. 2008. If your source lacks a person named as author, begin with the article title. Tidal Flows in the Louisiana Delta. Union of Concerned Scientists: Citizens and Scientists for Environmental Solutions. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2007. N. pag. Web. 11 Mar. 2008. The publisher/sponsor is the person or organization that posted the website. This information can be found on a Contact Us or some similar page or the copyright notice. If there is no publisher/sponsor, use the abbreviation N.p. (No publisher). Sometimes, it is the same name as or a similar name to the website. The date of publication refers to when the particular article or page was posted. If there is no date on the article or page itself, check for a last updated or copyright date. If the article or page does not have a date of publication, use the abbreviation n.d. (No date). Page numbers refer to a printed publication. Most articles posted to or created for a website will not have page numbers. Generally, only a.pdf file would have page numbers. Page numbers does not refer to the pages within a website itself. If there are no page numbers, use N. pag. (No page numbers). Additional Examples for Sources from Websites (5.6.2) Example of short work with a person named as an author on a website: Roberts, David. Secrets of the Maya: Deciphering Tikal. Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution. Jul. 2004. N. pag. Web. 13 Aug. 2011. Example of short work without a person named as an author on a website: Clean Energy. Clean Energy Association. Scientists for the Environment, 5 Feb. 2008. N. pag. Web. 11 Mar. 2009. Example of PDF article with page numbers and more than 3 authors. Note: for more than 3 authors you may name only the first and add et al. ( and others ), or you may give all names in full in the order in which they appear. Burgess, Clifford P., et al. The Inflationary Brane-antibrane Universe. Journal of High Energy Physics. IOPScience, (July 2001): 1-19. Web. 13 Jul. 2011. 8

An Article in a Newspaper (5.6.2) List the author, article title, and newspaper title as if you were citing a print newspaper. Then give the publisher s name and the date. End with the medium of publication (Web) and the date of access. Author. Article Title. Newspaper Title. Publisher/Sponsor, Date of Publication. Medium. Date of Access. The Scientists Speak. Editorial. New York Times. New York Times, 20 Nov. 2007. Web. 15 May 2008. Wade, Christian M. Tampa is Tweeting the Town s Tales. Tampa Tribune. Media General Communications, 11 June 2009. Web. 13 June 2009. An Article in a Magazine (5.6.2) List the author, article title, and magazine title as if you were citing a print magazine. Then give the publisher s name and the date. End with the medium (Web) of publication and the date of access. Author. Article Title. Magazine Title. Publisher/Sponsor, Date of Publication. Medium. Date of Access. Bourne, Joel K., Jr. The Global Food Crisis: The End of Plenty. National Geographic. National Geographic Society, June 2009. Web. 11 June 2009. Tyre, Peg. Standardized Tests in College? Newsweek. Newsweek, 16 Nov. 2007. Web. 15 May 2008. An Image (5.6.2) Remember to italicize if the work is independent. If it is part of a larger work, then place in quotation marks (see Greenhouse Effect below). Artist/Creator. Title of Work. Date. Word Describing the Type of Image. Title of Website. Sponsor of Website, Date of Site. Medium. Date of Access. Work of Visual Art: Campomenosi, Magdalena. Vischio. Museum of Computer Art. Museum of Computer Art, 2009. Web. 15 June 2009. Photograph: Sarony, Napoleon. Helene Menzeli, Dancer. 1875. Photograph. The American Museum of Photography. The American Photography Museum, 2009. Web. 15 June 2009. Map, Chart, Graph, Diagram: Greenhouse Effect. Diagram. Earthguide. Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, 2008. Web. 17 July 2008. 9

A Television or Radio Program (5.6.2) Cite such material by its title or by the name of the person whose work you cite. Identify the role of anyone but an author (host in the example). Give the site title, the sponsor, the date, the medium (Web), and the date of your access. Glass, Ira, host. 289: Go Ask Your Father. This American Life. Chicago Public Radio, 12 June 2009. Web. 15 June 2009. A Video Recording (5.6.2) Cite a video on the Web either by its title or by the name of the person whose work you are citing in this example, the university that produced the video. Identify the role of anyone but an author (prod. in the example). Give the video title, the site title, the sponsor, the date, the medium (Web), and the date of your access. Arizona State University, prod. Obama at ASU: Commencement Speech with Intro by Michael Crow. YouTube. A Podcast (5.6.2) YouTube, 15 May 2009. Web. 15 June 2009. If available, list the author of the story on the show, title of the story (in quotation marks), and the program (italicized) as well as the site title, sponsor, date, medium (Web), and access date. If a podcast does not list an author or other creator, begin with the title. North Korea s Bomb. Asia: From the Audio Edition. The Economist. The Economist, 29 May 2009. Web. 15 June 2009. Simon, Bob. Exonerated. 60 Minutes. CBS News. CBS News, 25 May 2008. Web. 6 June 2008. A Blog Entry (5.6.2) Give the author, the title of the entry, the title of the blog or site, the name of the sponsor (or N.p. if no sponsor is named), the publication date, the medium (Web), and the date of access. Togan, Andrew. Financial Dispatch: Obama to Propose Sweeping Market Overhaul. Anderson Cooper 360: A Wiki (5.6.2) Blog. Cable News Network, 15 June 2009. Web. 15 June 2009. Entry Title. Title of Site. Sponsor of Site, Date of Publication (n.d. if the wiki is undated). Medium (Web). Date of Access. Formula One. Wikipedia. Wikimedia, 15 June 2009. Web. 15 June 2009. Montana History Wiki. PBworks. PBworks, 6 May 2009. Web. 15 June 2009. Books, Short Stories, and Other Works that Have Been Scanned from Print Sources (5.6.2) To cite a source, provide the information for both the original print publication and the Web publication. Begin your entry as if you were citing a print work. Then, instead of giving Print as the medium, provide the title of the Web site you used, any version or edition number, the medium (Web) you used, and the date of your access. 10

Book: Cascardi, Anthony J. Ideologies of History in the Spanish Golden Age. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, Short Work: 1997. Penn State Romance Studies. Web. 12 Mar. 2007. Bierce, Ambrose. Academy. The Devil s Dictionary. The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce. Vol. 7. New York: Neale, 1911. N. pag. The Ambrose Bierce Project. Web. 15 May 2008. Whittier, John G. A Prayer. The Freedmen s Book. Ed. L. Maria Child. Boston, 1866. 178. Google Book Search. Web. 15 May 2008. A Film or Video Recording with Other Publication Information (5.6.2) For films or videos with original publication information base citation models on the print example, adding the information for Web publication. Coca Cola. Advertisement. Dir. Haskell Wexler. 1971. American Memory. Lib. of Cong. Web. 8 Apr. 2008. Night of the Living Dead. Film. Dir. George A. Romero. 1968. YouTube. YouTube. Web. 15 June 2009. LINCC ELECTRONIC RESOURCES (PHCC DATABASES) For More Than One Author See Traditional Print Sources Above Databases can have all types of information. They can contain books, articles, videos, graphs, and so on. In most cases, when you are citing material that you obtained from PHCC s electronic resources, you can follow the model for the print publication, except that the database in italics should follow the page numbers, the word Web should be used in place of Print, and the date you accessed the source must be listed (day month year without commas see sample). If there are no page numbers given, be sure to include n. pag. (or N. pag. if after a period) where the page numbers are called for. An Article in a Journal (5.6.4) Author. Article Title. Journal Title Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Database. Medium. Date of Access. Flint, Abbi, Sue Clegg, and Frank MacDonald. "Exploring Staff Perceptions of Student Plagiarism." Journal of Further and Higher Education 30.2 (2006): 145-56. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 July 2009. Hansen, Brian. Combating Plagiarism. CQ Researcher 13.32 (2003): 773-96. CQ Researcher Plus Archive. Web. 8 July 2009. A Journal Article or Book Chapter Reprinted in a Reference Book (5.5.6) Sometimes, an article that was originally printed in a book or journal is reprinted in a reference book. The source is still the article; however, the format shows that you obtained it from that book. You will begin by listing the information of the earlier publication and adding Rpt. in ( Reprinted in ) followed by the publication information of the reference book. Since these are from the LINCC databases you must also include the database information. Example of a journal article that has been reprinted in a book: 11

Author. Article Title. Journal Title Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Rpt. in Journal Title. Editor(s). City: Publisher, Year. Page(s). Database. Medium. Date of Access. Walsh, Thomas F. The Bedeviling of Young Goodman Brown. Modern Language Quarterly. 19.4 (1958): 331-36. Rpt. in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Anna Sheets. Vol. 29. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 238-40. Literature Criticism Online. Web. 29 June 2010. Example of a book chapter/excerpt that has been reprinted in a book: Author. Article Title. Book Title. Editor(s). Edition. City: Publisher, Year. Page(s). Rpt. in Title of Book. Editor(s). City: Publisher, Year. Page(s). Database. Medium. Date of Access. Grove, James. "Anne Tyler: Wrestling with the 'Lowlier Angel.'" Southern Writers at Century's End. Ed. Jeffrey J. Folks and James A. Perkins. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1997. 134-50. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Jeffrey W. Hunter. Vol. 205. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson, 2005. 272-81. Literature Criticism Online. Web. 10 June 2010. An Article in a Newspaper (5.6.4) You can follow the model for the newspaper print publication, except that the database in italics should follow the page numbers, the word Web should be used in place of Print, and the date you accessed the source must be listed (day month year without commas see sample). Hunt, Terence. "White House Assistant Resigns, Admits Newspaper Plagiarism." The Orlando Sentinel 1 Mar. 2008, final ed.: A18. NewsBank America's Newspapers. Web. 8 July 2009. Itzkoff, Dave, comp. "A Plagiarism Complaint." The New York Times 24 June 2009, late ed.: 2. NewsBank Access World News. Web. 8 July 2009. An Article in a Magazine (5.6.4) You can follow the model for the magazine print publication, except that the database in italics should follow the page numbers, the word Web should be used in place of Print, and the date you accessed the source must be listed (day month year without commas see sample). Minutaglio, Bill. "The Afterlife of George W. Bush." Newsweek 25 May 2009: 48. Academic OneFile. Web. 8 July 2009. Schwarzbaum, Lisa. "When Stars Write Novels." Entertainment Weekly 26 June - 3 July 2009: 115-16. Readers' Guide Full Text. Web. 8 July 2009. An Article in an Online Reference Book (encyclopedia, dictionary) 5.6.2 Freedman, Bill. "Dinosaur." Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 3rd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Science Resource Center. Web. 26 Jan. 2010. 12

A LINCC Online Book 13 Wray, David. Catullus and the Poetics of Roman Manhood. Cambridge University Press, 2001. ebook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 18 Oct. 2011. Putt, Carole A. Outcome Research in Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse: A Practitioner s Guide to Comparative Treatments. Eds. E. Thomas Dowd and Loreen Rugle. New York: Springer, 2007. 8-49. ebrary. Web. 8 July 2009. An Article from Issues and Controversies "Title of Article." Issues and Controversies Date of publication: n. pag. Issues and Controversies. Web. Date of Access. "Microfinance." Issues and Controversies 14 June 2010: n. pag. Issues and Controversies. Web. 29 June 2010. "Vaccine Exemptions." Issues and Controversies 9 Feb. 2007: n. pag. Issues and Controversies. Web. 8 July 2009. An Item from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center Opposing Viewpoints is home to many forms of material, including books, periodicals, and statistical information. The following examples are an article in a book with an editor, an article in a journal, and a table, respectively. Moorhouse, John C., and Brent Warner. "Gun Control Laws Do Not Reduce Violent Crime." Opposing Viewpoints: Violence. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. N. pag. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 8 July 2009. Peleg-Oren, Neta, Giora Rahav and Meir Teichman. "School-age Children of Fathers with Substance Use Disorder: Are They a High Risk Population?" Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education 52. 2 (2008): 9-30. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 8 July 2009. "Table: Alcohol Use among Teens." Table. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 8 July 2009. IN-TEXT CITATIONS Author Not Named In Your Sentence (6.4.2) The Sedlec Ossuary is located in the city of Kutna Hora in the Czech Republic (Cruickshank 92). Author Named In Your Sentence (6.4.2) In his new book, architectural historian Dan Cruickshank travels to the Czech Republic to visit the Sedlec Ossuary (92-97).

A Work with Two or Three Authors (6.4.2) Although writings describing utopia have always seemed to take place far from the everyday world, in fact all utopian fiction whirls contemporary actors through a costume dance no place else but here (Rabkin, Greenberg, and Olander vii). A Work with More Than Three Authors (6.3) If the source has more than three authors, you may list all their last names or use only the first author s name followed by et al. It depends on what you do in your list of Works Cited. or Increased competition means that employees of public relations firms may find their loyalty stretched in more than one direction (Cameron et al. 417). Increased competition means that employees of public relations firms may find their loyalty stretched in more than one direction (Cameron, Wilcox, Reber, and Shin 417). A Work by an Author of Two or More Cited Works (6.4.6) If your list of Works Cited contains more than one work by an author, you need to specify which work you are citing. Put a comma after the author s last name, and add the full title of the work if it is brief and the page number. If the title is too long, shorten it to the first main word or the first two or three main words. Shakespeare s King Lear has been called a comedy of the grotesque (Frye, Anatomy 237). For Northrop Frye, one s death is not a unique experience, for every moment we have lived through we have also died out of into another order (Double Vision 85). A Work with No Person Named as Author (6.4.4) For a work with no person named as author or editor, use a full or shortened version of the title. This is an example where the title of the article is Right to Die and there is no person named as an author. or Death-row inmates may demand execution to achieve a fleeting notoriety ( Right to Die 16). Death-row inmates may demand execution to achieve a fleeting notoriety ( Right 16). 14

If there are two publications with the same title, include the title or a shortened version of the title of the publication it was printed in. Say, for example, Controversies in Medicine and Physician s Quarterly both have articles with the same title: Freedom to Die. In order to distinguish them in the paper, a shortened version of the publication must be included after the title. Many argue that determining how their lives will end is a basic right ( Freedom, Controversies). Others argue that legalized euthanasia would open doors to abuse ( Freedom, Physician s). An Indirect Source (use when what you quote or paraphrase is a quotation) (6.4.7) When the material that you quote or paraphrase is a quote from someone else, that someone else has to be given credit: According to Jones, Dinosaurs are still living among us. They are birds! (qtd. in McFarland). This means that Jones was quoted in (qtd. in) the article written by McFarland. There would be a source listed in the Works Cited with McFarland as author. A Multivolume Work (6.4.3) In the parenthetical reference, separate the volume number and the page number with a colon and a space (Wellek 2: 1-10). If you are citing the entire volume, add the abbreviation vol. before the volume number. After issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln said, What I did, I did after very careful deliberations, and under a very heavy and solemn sense of responsibility (5: 438). Between 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes (Schlesinger, vol. 4). Two or More Works in the Same Citation (6.4.9) When you refer to more than one work in a single parenthetical citation, separate the references with a semicolon. Two recent articles point out that a computer badly used can be less efficient than no computer at all (Gough and Hall 201; Richards 162). 15

FORMATTING AN MLA STYLE PAPER First Page (4.3) Works Cited Page (5.3.2) 16