4 TENNESSEE State Performance Indicators Reading and Language Arts Practice and Mastery Tennessee
To the Student This book provides practice with the reading and language arts skills that students in grade 4 should master. The book has two practices. Each practice contains 70 multiple-choice items from the seven key categories of reading and language arts: content, meaning, vocabulary, writing/organization, writing process, grammar conventions, and techniques and skills. The total number of items is 140. Your teacher will explain how to complete each practice. Use the Answer Form, on page 53, to record your answers. Remember to fill in the answer circles completely. If you change an answer, fully erase your first answer. To help you choose the best response to an item, use the following tips: Read each item carefully before you try to answer it. Be sure you know what the item is asking you to do. Cross out any answer choices that are not reasonable. Then make your final choice from the remaining choices. Read the item again. Check to be sure your answer makes sense. Table of CONTENTS Practice One Part One.................. 1 Part Two................. 14 Practice Two Part One................. 27 Part Two................. 40 Answer Form............... 53 Written by Robert G. Forest, EdD Contributing Writers: Patricia Delanie and Christopher Forest Edited by Mary Ellen Osowski Designed by Susan Hawk Photo and Illustration credits: pg. 1, Lisa Greenleaf; pgs. 3, 6, 16, 19, 27, 29, 32, 35, 38, 42, 46, Jupiter Images, Inc.; pg. 22, Susan Hawk; pg. 40, Pat Lucas; pg. 48, Courtesy of the Lost Sea ISBN 978-0-7609-4252-9 2007 Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA 01862 No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Practice ONE Part One DIRECTIONS Read the poem by about Lucy a boy Larcom. and his kite. Then answer Numbers 1 through 4. My Kite in the Wind A set of stairs led down to the lake, And to the beach where the sand was gold. I started down the wooden stairs. The sun was bright. The air was cold. The wood creaked loudly as I stepped. Sea gulls on the beach made a louder sound. The white-topped waves splashed on the rocks. The wind blew the grasses all around. I reached the bottom. I opened my bag. I took out my kite with wings of gray. I tossed it briskly into the wind. A different gull flew up that day! 1
1. The boy walked down the stairs because he A wanted to rest on the beach B was meeting a friend C hoped to spot a sea gull D wanted to fly a kite 2. The poem says that the white-topped waves splashed on the rocks. The word white-topped means F flat G foamy H smooth J pointed 3. When he is finished, the boy will most likely A climb the wooden stairs and return home B play on the sandbanks and rocks C wait until someone comes to take him home D chase the sea gulls off the beach 4. Read the line from the poem. A different gull flew up that day! The line means that F the boy saw a new bird G the boy could not get his kite to fly H the boy ran and jumped J the boy s kite rose skyward 2
DIRECTIONS Read the fairy tale. Then answer Numbers 5 through 12. The Princess and the Frog Long ago, in Swaziland, lived a beautiful princess named Tombi-ende. When she walked, she looked like a wave rippling through water. Tombi-ende had many brothers and sisters. Her sisters envied her beauty and grace. One day, they invited her to go to the clay pit to dig red clay. At the clay pit, they lured Tombi-ende to the bottom of the pit where they buried her. Running home, the sisters cried, Alas, our poor Tombi-ende has fallen into the clay pit. The king and queen sent Tombi-ende s brothers to look for her. They dug in the clay pit, but they could not find her. Soon they returned home. At length, Tombi-ende rose up from the clay. As she neared the top of the pit, she spied a frog staring at her. The frog opened his mouth wide and swallowed the princess. Just then, a monster ran past. The monster had heard that Tombi-ende was alive, and he wanted to eat her. The monster ran right past the frog. The frog had saved Tombi-ende. The frog carried Tombi-ende to her grandmother s village. There he opened his mouth, and out popped Tombi-ende. The village rejoiced. But when Tombi-ende went to thank the frog, he had disappeared. Tombi-ende s grandmother sent for her brothers to escort her home. As the princess and her brothers walked back to their village, the heat became unbearable. Tombi-ende and her brothers feared for their lives. Suddenly, a tall man appeared. He offered to lead the brothers to water if they would give him Tombi-ende. Reluctantly, they agreed. The man led them to a pool of clear water. At the water s edge, the man turned into the monster. Just as he was about to swallow Tombi-ende, the frog leapt out of the water. The frog swallowed the monster and dived into the water. He stayed underwater until the monster drowned. The frog accompanied Tombi-ende and her brothers back to their village. When the king and queen saw Tombi-ende, they cried out in joy. But they were disgusted by the frog. Seize him, the king shouted to the guards. No, cried Tombi-ende. This frog saved my life twice. I love him. At her words, the frog turned into a handsome young man. I am the son of a king, the youth told Tombi-ende. The monster enchanted me. I had to remain a frog until I won the love of a fair maiden. He turned to the king. I can offer you many cattle as a bride price for this beautiful princess, he said. The king and queen agreed to the marriage. Tombi-ende and the prince were married and spent many happy years together. 3
5. You can tell that the story is a fairy tale because A it s about animals who learn a lesson B it takes place long ago C it contains events that could not really happen D it s about royalty 6. Read this sentence from the fairy tale. When she walked, she looked like a wave rippling through water. The underlined phrase in the sentence is an example of F personification G a metaphor H hyperbole J a simile 7. What happened when Tombi-ende said she loved the frog? A The prince asked to marry her. B The frog saved Tombi-ende s life. C The monster s spell was broken. D The king and queen were disgusted by the frog. 8. The author most likely retold this fairy tale to F share with readers feelings for animals G entertain readers with a story of long ago H inform readers about frogs J persuade readers to read more fairy tales 4
9. The word from the fairy tale that is a possessive noun is A brothers B grandmother s C toads D princess 10. The first problem that Tombi-ende faced was F a hungry monster G being swallowed by a frog H unbearable heat J being buried at the bottom of the pit 11. A bride price is a fee paid by the groom to the bride s A sisters B father C brothers D grandmother 12. Read the sentence about the fairy tale. A frog saved the life of Tombi-ende twice. The word that best completes the sentence is F green G hideous H courageous J fair 5
DIRECTIONS Read the passage. Then answer Numbers 13 through 20. Two Towers, Two Worlds (1) Where would you go to see the Eiffel Tower? Your answer is most likely Paris, France. However, a Tennessean answering the question might say Paris, a city in Henry County, Tennessee. That answer would be correct too! But how could that be? (2) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, opened during the 1889 World s Fair. The fair celebrated the science and engineering achievements of the times. The 984-foot structure was designed and built mainly by Gustave Eiffel. It consists of exposed lattice-like supports made of iron. (3) The 60-foot replica of the Eiffel Tower stands in Paris, Tennessee. It was designed to scale by Dr. Tom Morris, a civil engineer at Christian Brothers University in Memphis, Tennessee. Tennessee s Eiffel Tower stands as a symbol of liberty and equality. It represents the contributions of a famous French aristocrat, the Marquis de Lafayette. During the American Revolution, Lafayette joined George Washington s staff. In 1781, he earned the respect of the new nation by commanding a Continental Army force of 2,000 men. This force led to the defeat of Lord Cornwallis at York, Virginia. The city of Paris, Tennessee was incorporated in 1823, in honor of Lafayette. (4) Today, a U.S. flag that flew over the nation s capitol in Washington, D.C., flies atop the tower. Spotlights illuminate the tower at night. The night light adds to its grace and beauty. 6
13. The passage you have just read is an example of A a drama B an article C a poem D a biography 14. Read these questions. Which question has an answer that will help readers understand the passage better? F What is a replica? G What is the capital of France? H Who was the Marquis de Lafayette? J Where was Lord Cornwallis defeated? 15. The interrogative sentence that has the correct end punctuation is A That answer would be correct too! B The night light adds to its grace and beauty. C Where would you go to see the Eiffel Tower? D Spotlights illuminate the tower at night. 16. The abbreviation Dr. stands for F Donor G Doctor H Dentist J Daughter 17. In paragraph 4, the phrase night light is an example of A metaphor B simile C alliteration D rhyme 7
18. Study the outline below. Two Towers, Two Worlds I. Introduction II. The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France III. IV. The Tennessee Tower Today The information missing from item III of the outline is F The Marquis de Lafayette G The World of Tom Morrison H The Defeat of Lord Cornwallis J The Eiffel Tower in Paris, Tennessee 19. What is the best source to determine the meaning of illuminate as used in paragraph 4? A an encyclopedia B an almanac C a dictionary D a thesaurus 20. Read the sentence from paragraph 3. Tennessee s Eiffel Tower stands as a symbol of liberty and equality. The sentence is a supporting detail that best develops F the main idea of paragraph 3 G the conclusion of paragraph 3 H a description of the Continental Army J the contributions of the Marquis de Lafayette 8
DIRECTIONS Read the conversation between two fourth-graders with differing views. Then answer Numbers 21 through 28. Stewart: Jillian: Stewart: If I could go back in time, I d go back about 800 years to the Middle Ages. I d become a knight and defend the ruling king or lord from his enemies. I d live in a great castle, and everyone would call me Sir Stewart. Why would you want to live in the Middle Ages? There were no computers, televisions, or telephones. There were hardly any books because they had to be written by hand. Few people knew how to read anyhow. Homes were mostly one-room shacks made of mud, sticks, and straw. They had no electricity, heat, or running water. Even castles were dark, cold, gloomy places. In winter, food was scarce. The poor would go hungry, while the rich ate porridge and beans. But if I did become a knight, my life would be so exciting. I d have my own horse and wear a suit of shiny armor. And I d carry a sword of the finest steel. If I showed great skill and bravery in battle, I d be rewarded with gold and land. I could also take part in festivals, jousting against knights from other countries. We d ride on horseback armed with long spears. Then we d charge and try to knock each other to the ground. If I did win the tournament, I might get a new horse or weapon. (4) Jillian: And if you didn t win, you might be dead. Tournaments were more like battles than sporting events. Don t you realize that a knight s life was hard and dangerous? A suit of armor could not completely protect a knight from harm. Besides, the suit was hot and uncomfortable. It weighed at least 55 pounds. Stewart: Jillian: In the Days of Knights My life might be short, but it would be a life of honor. I would be proud to protect my ruler and his people. I d be the greatest knight in the land! Well, I wouldn t want to live in a time when citizens were not treated equally. The kings and lords had all the power and land. They forced the common people to obey them. They charged the poor people money to live on the land. The poorest peasants became slaves to the king or the lord. The peasants had little chance to improve their way of life. They would work hard and die young. If you lived back then, you wouldn t be Sir Stewart. You d be Sir Stupid. 9
21. Which of these sentences from the passage is an opinion? A Few people knew how to read anyhow. B Don t you realize that a knight s life was hard and dangerous? C They had no electricity, heat, or running water. D I d be the greatest knight in the land! 22. Study the chart. A KNIGHT S LIFE Pluses (+) Minuses ( ) Living in a large stone castle Wearing a shiny suit of armor Living in a cold, gloomy place Wearing hot, heavy metal that did not provide complete protection Getting rewards for skill and bravery The information that belongs in the empty box is F Living a life of honor protecting the ruler G Facing constant danger of being killed H Having the title Sir J Having little chance to improve life 23. From this passage, you can tell that A Stewart worries too much B Jillian is jealous because girls could not become knights in the Middle Ages C Stewart does not always tell the truth D Jillian is more practical about life in the Middle Ages than Stewart is 24. What do you think would really happen to Stewart if he could travel back in time to the Middle Ages? F He would become the bravest knight in the land. G He would fight for the rights of the common people. H He would be uneasy and scared. J He would live better than he lives in the present time. 10
25. What is the meaning of the word uncomfortable in paragraph 4? A easy B not comfortable C pleasant D very comfortable 26. Read this sentence from the passage. I wouldn t want to live in a time when citizens were not treated equally. Which word should replace equally? F equality G equal H equalled J It s correct as is. 27. The title In the Days of Knights is effective because of A the popularity of knights in history B the special sound blended by the words C the long-ago memory it stirs up D the clever use of days with the word knights, a homophone of nights 28. Which sentence is not written correctly? F Knights lived better than peasants. G Very few people went to school. H There was no video games or DVD players. J The laws protected the wealthy. 11
DIRECTIONS The following is a rough draft of Ali s report on boontling. Read the draft, which may contain errors. Then answer Numbers 29 through 35. Boontling (1) What is Boontling? Boontling is a combination of ordinary English words and made-up words. People had different ways of making up words. For example, a young woman was an applehead. A young man was a tweed or a kimmey. When you went to a dance you piked to a hob. (2) Boonters also had different ways of making up words. Some words were based on people. Bearman is the word for storyteller because the best storyteller in town was a bear hunter. Other words were based on how something sounds. To milk a cow was to charl. When a stream of milk hits the side of a pail, it sounds something like charl. A third way was to run to words together. So, for example, a schoolteacher was a schoolch. (3) Boontling died out when people who knew the language moved away or died. Wouldn t it be fun to Bring Back Boontling! 29. Which sentence is not needed in paragraph 1 of Ali s report? A What is Boontling? B People had different ways of making up words. C A young man was a tweed or a kimmey. D Boontling is a combination of ordinary English words and made-up words. 30. The sentence that best supports the main idea of paragraph 1 is F Chiggrel meant food, a meal, or to eat. G Boontling provided some surprising advantages to the town. H No one is sure how Boontling got started. J Boonville was a small isolated town. 31. Reread the sentence that begins paragraph 2. This sentence is a A concluding sentence B supporting sentence C topic sentence D compound sentence 12
32. The topic sentence of paragraph 2 is supported by F the pros and cons of Boontling G examples of Boontling words H the causes and effects of a secret language J details about how Boontling words were made up 33. Suppose Ali wanted to write a flyer to convince her classmates to use Boontling. The information about Boontling that she should focus on is A how to make up words in Boontling B why Boontling died out C the advantages of having a secret language D other secret languages 34. The word in paragraph 2 that is used incorrectly appears in the phrase F run to words together G a stream of milk H was a bear hunter J the word for storyteller 35. Which of these would be the best introductory paragraph for this report? A Some say children started Boontling so they could talk without their parents understanding. Others say parents invented Boontling so they could talk without their children understanding. B This is a report about a secret language called Boontling. I got my information for the report from a book about secret languages. There are many other secret languages. C Imagine a whole town having a secret language! The people of Boonville, California, did. From the 1880s to the 1930s, most people in the town could speak Boontling. D If you want to learn Boontling, go to the town of Boonville, California. Of course, no one there speaks it any more, but you might find someone who remembers what it sounds like. 13