ATSC REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY

ATSC REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY ADVANCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE STANDARDS DOCUMENTS How to get the ATSC Standards: ATSC Standards and Recommend Practices are available for free by downloading Adobe Acrobat (PDF) files from the ATSC Home Page on the Internet at http://www.atsc.org (under Standards submenu). It may be necessary to download the latest version of Acrobat reader. ATSC Document Descriptions: [1] DIGITAL AUDIO COMPRESSION (AC-3), Document A/52A This document specifies coded representation of audio information and information on both the encoding and decoding processes. The coded representation specified is suitable for use in digital audio transmission and storage applications, and may convey from 1 to 5 full bandwidth audio channels, along with a low frequency enhancement channel. A wide range of encoded bit-rates is supported by this specification. Typical applications of digital audio compression are in satellite or terrestrial audio broadcasting, delivery of audio over metallic or optical cables, or storage of audio on magnetic, optical, semiconductor, or other storage media. [Document A/53B contains certain parameter constraints for use in terrestrial broadcasting.] [2] ATSC DIGITAL TELEVISION STANDARD, Document A/53B (with amendments 1 and 2) The ATSC Digital Television Standard describes the system characteristics of the advanced television (ATV) standard. The document and its normative annexes provide detailed specification of the system parameters including the video encoder input scanning formats and its pre-processing and compression parameters, the audio encoder input signal format and its pre-processing and compression parameters, the service multiplex and transport layer characteristics and its normative specifications, and the VSB RF/Transmission subsystem. The system is modular in concept, and the specifications for each of the modules are provided in the appropriate annex. [3] GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE ATSC DIGITAL TELEVISION STANDARD, Document A/54 This guide provides an overview and tutorial of the system characteristics of the advanced television (ATV) system defined by ATSC Standard A/53B. [4] CONTENT IDENTIFICATION AND LABELING FOR ATSC TRANSPORT, Document A/57A This document defines a means to uniquely identify content (an audiovisual work). This document also defines an MPEG-2 content identification descriptor for the carriage of this identifier. And, finally, this document defines the semantics of the use of the MPEG-2 content identification descriptor for labeling streaming audiovisual content in the ATSC Transport. Note that ISO 20925-1, which is normatively referenced in A/57A, is a work in progress at this date. Until ISO 20925-1 is published, A/57A will be posted on the ATSC Web site as an Approved Proposed Standard. Upon publication of ISO 20295-1, A/57A will be modified editorially as necessary and posted as an ATSC Standard. 1 of 16

[5] HARMONIZATION WITH DVB SI IN THE USE OF THE ATSC DIGITAL TELEVISION STANDARD, Document A/58 (Recommended Practice) This document specifies a recommended practice for use of the ATSC Digital Television Standard to ensure interoperability internationally at the transport level with the European Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) project as standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Guidelines for use of the Digital Television Standard are outlined which ensure avoidance of conflict with DVB transport in the areas of Packet Identifier (PID) usage and assignment of user private values for descriptor tags and table identifiers. [6] STANDARD FOR CODING 25/50 Hz VIDEO, Document A/63 This document describes the characteristics for the video subsystem of a digital television system operating at 25 Hz and 50 Hz frame rates. [7] TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENT AND COMPLIANCE STANDARD FOR DIGITAL TELEVISION, Document A/64A This document describes methods for testing, monitoring, and measurement of the transmission subsystem intended for use in the digital television (DTV) system, including specifications for maximum out-of-band emissions, parameters affecting the quality of the inband signal, symbol error tolerance, symbol clock frequency and jitter tolerance, power, power measurement, and RF carrier frequency offset, stability, and phase noise. In addition, it describes the condition of the RF symbol stream upon loss of MPEG packets. This revision includes the revised FCC DTV Emission Mask. [8] PROGRAM AND SYSTEM INFORMATION PROTOCOL (PSIP) FOR TERRESTRIAL BROADCAST AND CABLE, Document A/65B This document defines a standard for System Information (SI) and Program Guide (PG) data compatible with digital multiplex bit streams constructed in accordance with ISO/IEC 13818-1 (MPEG-2). The document defines the standard protocol for transmission of the relevant data tables contained within fixedlength packets carried in the Transport Stream multiplex. The protocol defined herein is referred to as Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP). This Standard protocol for transmission is applicable to terrestrial (over-the-air) and cable signals. [9] PSIP STANDARD FOR TAIWAN, Document A/68 This standard specifies the use of character sets, rating regions, and major channel numbers for the implementation of ATSC A/65B Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP) in Taiwan. [10]PROGRAM AND SYSTEM INFORMATION PROTOCOL (PSIP) IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR BROADCASTERS, Document A/69 (Recommended Practice) This document provides a set of guidelines for the use and implementation of the ATSC Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP). The information contained herein applies to broadcasters, network operators, infrastructure manufacturers, and receiver manufacturers. [11]CONDITIONAL ACCESS FOR TERRESTRIAL BROADCAST, Document A/70 (with amendment) This document defines a standard for the Conditional Access (CA) system for ATSC terrestrial broadcasting to enable broadcasters to fully utilize the capabilities of digital broadcasting using the ATSC standard. This standard is based, whenever possible, on existing open standards and defines the building blocks necessary to ensure interoperability. The ATSC CA module is replaceable to ensure that ATSC hosts are protected 2 of 16

against obsolescence as security is upgraded. This standard applies to all CA vendors that supply CA service on behalf of an ATSC service provider. An overview of the CA standard is given in Annex C. [12]DEVELOPING DTV FIELD TEST PLANS, Document A/75 (Recommended Practice) This document presents the objectives of, and general methodology for, conducting field tests of over-the-air terrestrial digital television (DTV) systems. The scope of the work includes reception, demodulation, and recovery of the transmitted data. The scope of the work herein is not concerned with the decoded data or analog signals except when these signals are used as a means to determine that the data has been correctly recovered. [13]MODULATION AND CODING REQUIREMENTS FOR DIGITAL TV (DTV) APPLICATIONS OVER SATELLITE, Document A/80 (with amendment) This document defines a standard for modulation and coding of data delivered over satellite for digital television (DTV) contribution and distribution applications (not for Direct-to-Home broadcast). The data can be a collection of program material including video, audio, data, multimedia, or other material. It includes the ability to handle multiplexed bit streams in accordance with MPEG-2 Systems layer, but it is not limited to this format and makes provision for arbitrary types of data as well. QPSK, 8PSK and 16 QAM modulation modes are included, as well as a range of forward error correction techniques. [14]DIRECT-TO-HOME SATELLITE BROADCAST STANDARD, Document A/81 This document describes the emission system for ATSC Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Broadcast System. This specification defines extensions to audio, video, transport, and PSIP subsystems as defined in ATSC Standards A/53B and A/65B. The emission system defined in this document includes carriage of data broadcasting as defined in ATSC Standard A/90 without requiring extensions. Furthermore, transmission and conditional access subsystems are not defined, allowing service providers to use existing subsystems. [15]DATA BROADCAST STANDARD, Document A/90 (with amendment 1 and Corrigendums 1 and 2) The ATSC Data Broadcast Standard defines protocols for data transmission compatible with digital multiplex bit streams constructed in accordance with ISO/IEC 13818-1 (MPEG-2 Systems). The standard supports data services that are both TV-program related and non-program related. Applications may include enhanced television, webcasting, and streaming video services. Data broadcasting receivers may include PCs, televisions, set-top boxes, or other devices. The standard provides mechanisms for download of data, delivery of datagrams, and streaming data. Note: Users are cautioned that there is a conflict in the assigned value for the MGT table_type identifying the LTST (Section 11.7). ANSI/SCTE 65 2002 assigned MGT table_type values for the Aggregate Extended Text Table (AETT) to the range 0x1100 through 0x11FF, while the current version of A/90 indicates the MGT table_type for the LTST is value 0x1180. A/90 is in the process of being revised to change the MGT table_type for the LTST to value 0x0006. [16]IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR THE DATA BROADCAST STANDARD, Document A/91 (Recommended Practice) This document provides a set of guidelines for the use and implementation of the ATSC Data Broadcast Standard. As such, they facilitate the efficient and reliable implementation of data broadcast services. The information contained herein applies to data service providers as the primary entity that assembles the elements of each data channel. It also applies to broadcasters, network operators, and infrastructure manufacturers. The rules are specified in the form of constraints on the data broadcast implementation. 3 of 16

[17]DELIVERY OF IP MULTICAST SESSIONS OVER DATA BROADCAST STANDARD, Document A/92 This standard specifies the delivery of Internet Protocols (IP) Multicast sessions, the delivery of data for describing the characteristics of a session, and usage of the ATSC A/90 Data Broadcast Standard for IP Multicast. This document defines a standard for the asynchronous transmission of Internet Protocols (IP) specifically including multicast addressing compatible with the ATSC A/90 Data Broadcast Standard. This Standard assumes the use of Session Description Protocol (SDP) as an integral part of the IP Multicastbased Data Broadcast service. [18]SYNCHRONIZED/ASYNCHRONOUS TRIGGER STANDARD, Document A/93 This document defines a standard for the transmission of synchronized data elements, and synchronized and asynchronous events. It specifically enables the synchronized delivery of data modules through the decoupling of the timing from the delivery of the data element. It also enables the delivery of events to receivers, including application-defined events. [19]ATSC DATA APPLICATION REFERENCE MODEL, Document A/94 This standard defines an Application Reference Model (ARM) including a binding of application environment facilities onto the ATSC Data Broadcast Standard, A/90. This standard includes a system-wide resource naming scheme, a state model, data models, and constraints and extensions to A/53B, A/65B, and A/90 to implement application environments. [20]TRANSPORT STREAM FILE SYSTEM STANDARD, Document A/95 This document defines the ATSC Transport Stream File System (TSFS) standard for delivery of hierarchical name-spaces, directories, and files. This standard builds on the data service delivery mechanism defined in the ATSC Data Broadcast Standard, A/90. [21]DTV APPLICATION SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT LEVEL 1 (DASE-1), Document A/100 The DASE-1 Standard defines a software layer (middleware) that allows programming content and applications to run on a "common receiver." Interactive and enhanced applications need access to common receiver features in a platform-independent manner. This environment provides enhanced and interactive content creators the necessary specifications to ensure that their applications and data will run uniformly on all brands and models of receivers. Manufacturers will thus be able to choose hardware platforms and operating systems for receivers, but provide the commonality necessary to support applications made by many content creators. [Note: The DASE-1 Standard is available for download either as a single file, or as individual documents.] [22]SYNCHRONIZATION STANDARD FOR DISTRIBUTED TRANSMISSION, Document CS/110A (Candidate Standard) This document (now in Revision A) defines a standard for synchronization of multiple transmitters emitting trellis-coded 8-VSB signals in accordance with ATSC A/53B Annex D (RF/Transmission Systems Characteristics). The emitted signals from transmitters operated according to this standard comply fully with the requirements of ATSC A/53B. This document specifies mechanisms necessary to transmit synchronization signals to the several transmitters using a dedicated PID value, including the formatting of packets associated with that PID and without altering the signal format emitted from the transmitters. It also provides for adjustment of transmitter timing and other characteristics through additional information carried in the specified packet structure. The techniques defined for synchronization of multiple transmitters may also be applied to single transmitters when it is necessary or desirable to synchronize processes 4 of 16

conducted at the input end of a transport link with those carried out at a transmitter location, as may be useful for enhanced transmission techniques. FCC DTV DOCUMENTS FCC documents are available for free by downloading files from the FCC Home Page on the Internet at http://www.fcc.gov/dtv (under Supporting Documents ). [1] Fourth Report and Order, MM Docket No. 87-268, FCC 96-493, Adopted December 24, 1996, Released December 27, 1996. (Terrestrial Digital Transmission Standard). [2] Fifth Report and Order, MM Docket No. 87-268, FCC 97-116, Adopted April 3, 1997, Released April 21, 1997. (Goals and Rules for Terrestrial DTV). [3] Sixth Report and Order, MM Docket No. 87-268, FCC 97-115, Adopted April 3, 1997, Released April 21, 1997. (Spectrum Allocation & Channel Allotments/Assignments). [4] Longley-Rice Methodology for Evaluating TV Coverage & Interference, OET Bulletin No. 69, July 2, 1997. [5] Reallocation of Television Channels 60-69 to Other Services, ET Docket No. 97-157, FCC 97-421, Adopted December 31, 1997, Released January 6, 1998. (Reallocation of CH 60 69 for Public Safety). [6] Memorandum Opinion and Order of Fifth Report & Order, MM Docket No. 87-268, FCC 98-23, Adopted February 17, 1998, Released February 23, 1998. (Revised DTV Rules) [7] Memorandum Opinion and Order on Reconsideration of the Sixth Report and Order, MM Docket No. 87-268, FCC 98-24, Adopted February 17, 1998, Released February 23, 1998. (Reconsideration of the Spectrum Allocations and Channel Allotments/Assignments). [8] Second Memorandum Opinion and Order on Reconsideration of the Fifth and Sixth Report and Order, MM Docket No. 87-268, FCC 98-315, Adopted November 24, 1998, Released November 18, 1998. (DTV Standard & Rules Updates). [9] First Report and Order: Licensing Rules for Reallocated CH 60-69, WT Docket No. 99-168, FCC 00-5, Adopted January 6, 2000, Released January 7, 2000. (Licensing Rules for Reallocated Portions of CH 60-69). [10] First Periodic Review of DTV Conversion: Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, MM Docket No. 00-39, FCC 01-24, Adopted January 18, 2001, Released January 19, 2001. (Updated Rules & DTV Transition Requirements). [11] Memorandum Opinion and Order on Reconsideration of First "Periodic Review" of the DTV Transition, MM Docket No. 00-39, FCC 01-330, Adopted November 8, 2001, Released November 15, 2001. (Midcourse Corrections for DTV Transition Rules). [12] Report and Order: Service Rules for Channels 52-59, GN Docket No. 01-74, FCC 01-364, Adopted December 12, 2001, Released January 18, 2002. (Reallocation and Service Rules for CH 52-59). [13] Second Report and Order and Second Memorandum Opinion and Order for DTV Broadcast Receiving Equipment and Technical Standards, MM Docket No. 00-39, FCC 02-230, Adopted August 8, 2002, Released August 9, 2002. (DTV Tuner Mandate). [14] Report and Order: Service Rules for Broadcast Auxiliary Service Band, ET Docket No. 01-75, RM- 9418, RM-9856, FCC 02-298, Adopted October 30, 2002, Released November 13, 2002. (BAS Service Rules) 5 of 16

[15] Second Periodic Review of DTV Conversion: Report and Order, MB Docket No. 03-15, MM Docket No. 99-360, 00-167, and 00-168, DA 03-1292, Adopted April 28, 2003, Released April 29, 2003. (DTV Simulcast Issues). [16] Second Report and Order and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, CS Docket No. 97-80, PP Docket No. 00-67, Adopted September 10, 2003, Released TBD. (Cable Ready DTV Set Plug-and- Play) ITU RECOMMENDATIONS [1] Digital Multi-Programme Systems for Television, Sound, and Data Services for Cable Distribution, International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), Recommendation J.83, April 1997. [2] Distribution of Digital Multi-Programme Signals for Television, Sound, and Data Services Through SMATV Networks, International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), Recommendation J.84, March 2001. ATSC SYSTEM GENERAL INFORMATION [1] Choosing an American Digital HDTV Terrestrial HDTV Broadcasting System, Robert Hopkins, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol 82, No. 4, April 1994. [2] The U.S. HDTV Standard: The Grand Alliance, IEEE Spectrum, Vol 32, No. 4, April 1995. [3] An Overview of the ATSC Digital Television Standard, Glenn A. Reitmeier and Terry R. Smith, Sarnoff, 138th SMPTE HDTV 96 Conference, October 1996. [4] DTV Standard: The Grand Compromise, S. Merrill Weiss, Consultant, TV Technology, February 27, 1997. [5] The Grand Compromise, S. Merrill Weiss, Consultant, TV Technology, March 13, 1997. [6] Synchronous Serial Interface for MPEG-2 Digital Transport Stream: SMPTE 310M, Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) Journal, April 1998. VSB TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OVERVIEW [1] The DSC-HDTV Interference Rejection System, Carl Eilers and Pieter Fockens, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 38, No. 3, August 1992. [2] VSB Modem Subsystem Design for Grand Alliance Digital Television Receivers, Wayne Bretl, Gary Sgrignoli, and Paul Snopko, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 41, No. 3, August 1995. [3] VSB Modulation Used for Terrestrial and Cable Broadcasts, Gary Sgrignoli, Wayne Bretl, and Rich Citta, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 41, No. 3, August 1995. [4] ATSC Transmission System: VSB Tutorial, Richard Citta and Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, Montreux Symposium, June 1997. [5] Introduction to DTV RF, Douglas W. Garlinger, SBE, January 1998. [6] DTV Transmission Basics: Part 1, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, February 23, 1998. [7] DTV Transmission Basics: Part 2, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, March 23, 1998. 6 of 16

[8] VSB Transmission System: Broadcast and Microwave Applications, Wayne Bretl, Wayne Luplow, and Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE MTT-S International, Vol 1, June 7-12, 1998. [9] 8-VSB: By The Numbers, Ed Williams, PBS, Television Broadcast, March 2000. VSB SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS [1] FCC Proposes Carrier Offset, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, October 11, 1996. [2] The Inband Characteristics of the Vestigial Sideband Emitted Signal for ATV Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting, Carl G. Eilers, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 42, No. 4, December 1996. [3] Planning Your Digital Television Transmission System, Robert J. Plonka, Harris, NAB Conference, April 1997. [4] FCC ERP Specifications, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, October 9, 1997. [5] Defining the DTV Channel Frequency, Doug Lung, TV Technology, July 13, 1998. [6] To Be VSB or Not VSB, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, August 10, 1998. [7] More, Much More About VSB, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, September 7, 1998. [8] Signal-to-Noise Relationship in 8-VSB, Linley Gumm, Tektronix, internal memo, Tektronix Website, 1998. [9] Practicing Signal Black Magic, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, January 27, 1999. [10] Understanding SNR in a Digital World, Brett Jenkins, Comark, NAB Conference, April 1999. [11] Digital Television Transmission Parameters Analysis and Discussion, Carl Eilers and Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 45, No.4, December 1999. [12] Re-radiation (Echo) Analysis of a Tapered Tower Section Supporting a Side-Mounted DTV Broadcast Antenna and the Corresponding Azimuth Pattern, Carl Eilers and Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 47, No. 3, September 2001. [13] Small-Signal Nonlinear Modeling of Television IOTs, David Sparano, Harris, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 48, No. 2, June 2002. EMISSION MASK AND SPLATTER [1] Test Procedure to Devise an RF Mask for ATV Emission, SSWP2-1463, July 25, 1995. [2] The Development of a High Definition Television (HDTV) Terrestrial Broadcasting Emission Mask, Carl G. Eilers, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 41, No. 4, December 1995. [3] Results of RF Mask Test, by ATTC, June 13, 1996. [4] The Out-of-Channel Challenge, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, June 14, 1996. [5] An Evaluation of the FCC Proposed RF Mask for the Protection of Adjacent Channel NTSC Signals, ATTC, Document #96-02, October 22, 1996. [6] Comments on the Measurement of Out-of-Channel Spectral Power Density, ATTC, Document #96-03, October 23, 1996. [7] Calculating Weighted Noise, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, April 10, 1997. 7 of 16

[8] An Evaluation of the FCC RF Mask for the Protection of DTV Signals from Adjacent Channel DTV Interference, ATTC, Document #97-06, July 17, 1997. [9] Analyzing the FCC s DTV Spectral Emission Mask and Potential Degradation To Adjacent Channels Due To Antenna Pattern Differences, Carl Eilers and Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 44, No. 1, March 1998. [10] A Look at the New Mask, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, April 6, 1998. [11] The Power Spectra of Splatter, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, February 10, 1999. [12] DTV Repeater Emission Mask Analysis, Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 49, No. 1, March 2003 (also on www.zenith.com website). [13] The Perils of Sideband Splatter, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, August 20, 2003. TRANSMITTERS, FILTERS, COMBINERS, TRANSMISSION LINE, & ANTENNAS [1] Comparing NTSC Transmitter Specifications With Requirements for HDTV, Robert Plonka, Harris, NAB Conference, April 1992. [2] Standard Reference Curves for ATV Filter Mask, Paul D. Smith, Micro Communications, Inc., NAB Conference, April 1996. [3] Channel Combining in an NTSC/ATV Environment, Dennis Heymans, Micro Communications, Inc., NAB Conference, April 1996. [4] Coverage Contour Optimization of HDTV and NTSC Antennas, Oded Bendov, Dielectric, NAB Conference, April 1996. [5] Megawave/NAB Joint Technology Development for Improved Antennas for NTSC Off-the-Air TV Reception, Glenda Benham, John Benham, Marshall Cross, Megawave Corp., NAB Conference, April 1996. [6] Stacked Antenna Considerations for HDTV Conversion, Ernest Mayberry, Dielectric, IEEE Broadcast Symposium, September 27, 1996. [7] A New High Power, Multichannel, UHF Antenna Design for the Simulcast NTSC/HDTV Period, Kerry Cozad, Andrew Corporation, NAB Conference, April 1997. [8] Is Your Tower Ready To Go Digital, John McKay, Broadcast Engineering, July 1997. [9] Adjacent Channel Combining In Digital TV, Graham Broad and Robin Blair, RFS, NAB Conference, April 1998. [10] A Fresh New Look At 8-VSB Peak-to-Average Ratios and Practical N+1, N-1 Combining Systems, Robert J. Plonka, Harris, NAB Conference, April 1998. [11] A Technical Review of Transmission Line Designs and Specifications for Transmitting Television Signals, Kerry Cozad, Andrew, NAB Conference, April 1998. [12] Slotted Cylinder Antenna Design Consideration for DTV, Ernest Mayberry, Dielectric, NAB Conference, April 1998. [13] Solid State Transmitters: What Role In DTV?, Edmond Rosenthal, Digital Television, August 1998 [14] N+1 Channel Combining With Bandpass and Aural Notch Filters, Paul Smith, Micro Communications, Inc., IEEE Broadcast Symposium, September 25, 1998. 8 of 16

[15] Echo Analysis of Side-Mounted DTV Broadcast Antenna Azimuth Patterns, Carl Eilers and Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 45, No. 1, March 1, 1999. [16] Bandpass Filter and Linearization Requirements for the New FCC Mask, Robert Plonka, Harris, NAB Conference, April 1999. [17] Stabile High Power Filters for the FCC DTV Emissions Mask, Derek Small, Passive Power Products, NAB Conference, April 1999. [18] Comparing Panel and Slot Antennas in Shared Digital and Analog Service, Robin Blair and Tony Magris, RFS, NAB Conference, April 1999. [19] Pulse Forming in Transmitting Antennas, R. Blair and N. Wymant, RFS, IEEE Broadcast Technology Symposium, September 1999. [20] Examples of Multistation HDTV/NTSC Antenna Designs for Major Markets, Oded Bendov, Dielectric, NAB Conference, April 2000. [21] Designing A New Wideband Antenna For DTV Applications, Gordon Sinclair, Technology for Communications International, NAB Conference, April 2000. [22] Combining TV Signals, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, January 10, 2001 [23] New Sharp Tuned Filter/Combining System Allows Adjacent Channel DTV-to-DTV Combining Modes in Addition to N+-1 Combining, Robert J. Plonka, Harris, NAB Conference, April 2001. [24] The Trinity Filter Implementation for N+1/N-1/DTV-DTV Channel Combining Applications, Daniel S. Fallon, Andrew Passive Power Products, NAB Conference, April 2001. [25] A Compact High Power UHF Combiner for Multiple Channels Over A Wide Frequency Span, Lewis Steer, RFS, NAB Conference, April 2001. [26] Symmetry and Symmetry Aspects of VSWR on DTV Transmitter Systems as Related to EVM Digital Measurements, Robert Plonka, Harris, IEEE Broadcast Symposium, October 3-5, 2001. [27] Antenna-Mounting Issues, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, February 6, 2002. [28] MSDC Promises Transmission Efficiency, Bob Kovacs, TV Technology, September 18, 2002. VSB SIGNAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES [1] Measuring Peak and Average Power Of Digitally Modulated Advanced Television Systems, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 38, No. 4, December 1992. [2] Measuring Peak/Average Power Ratio of the Zenith/AT&T DSC-HDTV Signal with a Vector Analyzer, Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 39, No. 2, June 1993. [3] Apply Error Vector Measurements in Communications Designs, Ken Voelker, HP, Microwaves & RF, December 1995. [4] Power and Its Effect on Signal, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, October 9, 1997. [5] Spectrum Analyzer Measurement and Noise, Joe Gorin, HP, RF Design, August 1998. [6] Measurement of 8-VSB DTV Transmitter Emissions, Linley Gumm, Tektronix, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 45, No. 2, June 1999. [7] Test Equipment for DTV Transmission Facilities, Ed Williams, PBS, Television Broadcast, September 1999. 9 of 16

[8] Measuring the DTV Signal, Henry Fries and Brett Jenkins, Comark, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 46, No. 2, June 2000. DTV TRANMITTER PRE-CORRECTION TECHNIQUES [1] Transmitter Linearity Considerations for Digital TV Broadcasting, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 39, No. 4, December 1993. [2] New Adaptive Compensation Techniques for Correcting VSWR Distortions in DTV Transmitters, Anders S. Mattsson, David Danielsons, Carolos Abascal, and Joseph Seccia, Harris, NAB Conference, April 2002. [3] Full Channel Adaptive Equalization for DTV Transmitters, David Hershberger, Axcera, NAB Conference, April 2002. [4] Benefits Of Next-Generation Real-Time Adaptive Correction in Real-World Digital Television Installations, Joe Seccia, Harris, NAB Conference, April 2003. DTV RECEPTION AND INTERFERENCE ISSUES [1] Color Beat Test, ATTC, internal memo, November 27, 1995. [2] Neighborly ATV Interference, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, March 8, 1996. [3] ATV Signals: Just Passing Through, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, April 12, 1996. [4] ATV Transmission Getting Across, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, May 10, 1996. [5] NTSC TV Receiver Performance with Upper Adjacent Channel ATV Interference, Carl Eilers, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 42, No. 3, June 1996. [6] UHF Taboos and Other DTV Issues, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, July 12, 1996. [7] Tower Concerns for a DTV Future, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, September 13, 1996. [8] FCC Comments Deadline Nears, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, November 15, 1996. [9] Digital TV Broadcasting Refresher, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, March 13, 1997. [10] Adjacent Channel Interference Revisited, Stanley J. Salamon, ATTC, NAB Conference, April 1997. [11] Multipath Manifestations, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, May 22, 1997. [12] Living in a 15.2 db World, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, September 11, 1997. [13] A Run-in With DTV-DTV Interference?, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, November 6, 1997. [14] Reception, Sky Noise and Splatter, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, December 4, 1997. [15] Second Adjacent Channels, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, January 5, 1998. [16] Solving Adjacent Channel Interference, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, February 9, 1998. [17] In Search of the Steerable Antenna, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, March 10, 1999. [18] DTV Taboo Channel Interference into NTSC at High Power Levels, Stanley Salamon, Charles Rhodes, and Charles Einholf, ATTC, NAB Conference, April 1999. 10 of 16

[19] Anticipating Unanticipated Interference, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, June 16, 1999. [20] Preliminary DTV Field Test Results and Their Effects on VSB Receiver Design, Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 45, No. 3, August 1999. [21] Characterizing DTV Indoor/Urban Reception, Brett Jenkins (Thomcast), Ken Welles and Mark Grabb (GE), NAB Conference, April 2000. [22] Feasibility of Reliable 8-VSB Reception, C. H. Strolle, S.N. Hulyalkar, T.J. Endres, NxtWave, NAB Conference, April 2000. [23] Determining Noise Margins, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, June 14, 2000. [24] The Desirable Characteristics of DTV Receivers, Ed Williams, PBS, Television Broadcast, June 2000. [25] On Equalizer Design for Digital Television Channels in the United States, IEEE Broadcast Symposium, September 2000. [26] Implementation Margins for DTV in the UHF Band, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, March 26, 2001. [27] The Challenges of Indoor DTV Reception, James A. Kutzner, ATTC, NAB Conference, April 2001. [28] Broadcasters: Think About Sky Noise, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, June 13, 2001. [29] The Start of a Ghost Story, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, October 3, 2001. [30] A Signal Level Named Desire, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, January 23, 2002. [31] Taboo Subject, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, February 20, 2002. [32] Antennas for DTV Reception, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, March 6, 2002. [33] More Ghost Stories for TV Engineers, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, March 20, 2002. [34] A Novel Approach to Improved DTV Reception, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, April 3, 2002 [35] Receive Antennas Revisited, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, May 1, 2002. [36] Dual -ing Antennas, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, July 10, 2002. [37] Smart Antennas for Smart DTV Receivers, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, August 7, 2002. [38] Power, Pedestrian Reception, and Polarization, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, October 9, 2002. [39] An EIA/CEA-909 Compatible Smart Antenna System for Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Applications, Andrew Youtz, John Zygmaniak, Samuel Reichgott, David Koeger, ATI, IEEE Broadcast Symposium, October 9-11, 2002. [40] A VSB DTV Receiver Designed for Indoor and Distributed Transmission Environments, Richard Citta (LINX) and Xianbin Wang, Yiyan Wu, Benoit Ledoux, Sebastien Lafleche, and Bernard Caron (CRC), IEEE Broadcast Symposium, October 9-11, 2002. [41] Antenna Diversity for Improved Indoor Reception of US Digital Terrestrial Television Receivers, J. Meehan, Philips Research USA, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 48, No. 4, November 2002. 11 of 16

[42] Classification and Characterization of Impulsive Noise on Indoor Powerline Used for Data Communication, V. Degardin and M. Lienard (University of Lille), A. Zeddam, F. Gauthier, and P. Degauquel (France Telecom), IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 48, No. 4, November 2002. [43] Some Recent Improvements in the Design of DTV Receivers for the ATSC Standard, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 48, No. 4, November 2002. [44] Antenna Diversity For Improved Indoor Reception of U.S. Digital Terrestrial Television Receivers, J. Meehan, Philips, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 48, No. 4, November 2002. [45] Joint VSB Terrestrial Digital TV Indoor Reception Project, R. Evans Wettmore, Mike Radford, Denise Schnelle (News Technology), Joseph Meehan (Philips), Rodney Kennedy and Dino Miniutti (Australian National University), IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 48, No. 4, December 2002. [46] Don t Interfere With DTV Allotments Just Yet, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, December 11, 2002. [47] Taboo Channels: The Beat Goes On, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, January 22, 2003. [48] Eliminating UHF Taboos, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, February 19, 2003. [49] Will Lifting Taboos Help or Hurt DTV Interference?, Charles Rhodes. Consultant, TV Technology, March 19, 2003. [50] Minimum Target Performance for Digital Television Broadcast Receivers, Charles Einholf, ATTC, NAB Conference, April 2003. [51] DTV Tuners: Single Vs. Double Conversion, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, April 23, 2003. [52] What s That Noise?, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, June 25, 2003. DTV SPECTRUM PLANNING, ALLOCATION, COVERAGE, AND PROPAGATION [1] Understanding Television s Grade A and Grade B Service Contours, Robert A. O Connor, CBS, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. BC-14, No. 4, December 1968. [2] Circular Polarization in Television Broadcasting, Fred L. Zellner, Jr., NAB Conference, April 1975. [3] Circularly Polarized Antenna for Television, Dr. Matti Siukola, NAB Conference, April 1975. [4] Report on Field Tests of Circular Polarization in Television, Neil M. Smith, NAB Conference, April 1975. [5] A Review of the Technical Planning Factors for VHF Television Service, FCC/OCE RS 77-01, Research & Standards Division, Office of Chief Engineer, March 1, 1977. [6] Spectrum Studies for Advanced Television Service in the U.S., William R. Meintel, Datel Corporation, Chantilly, Virginia, NAB Conference, April 1994. [7] Path Clearance and the K Factor, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, November 1994. [8] Spectrum Studies for Advanced Television Service Summary and Update, ACATS PS-WP3 Document 308, December 1, 1994. [9] Spectrum Planning and RF Implementation Issues for Advanced Television Service, Thomas Gurley and Dennis Wallace, ATTC, NAB Conference, April 1996. (Color beat test results, BTSC audio test results, RF mask test results) 12 of 16

[10] Can ATV Coverage Be Improved With Circular, Elliptical, or Vertical Polarized Antennas?, Robert J. Plonka, Harris, NAB Conference, April 1996. [11] Spectrum Issues Linger Despite Standards Adoption, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, February 13, 1997. [12] Coverage Is As Coverage Does, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, April 10, 1997. [13] Analyzing the DTV Allotments, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, June 5, 1997. [14] Longley-Rice Methodology for Evaluating TV Coverage and Interference, FCC OET, OET Bulletin No. 69, June 6, 1997. [15] Shedding Light on Black Magic, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, August 7, 1997. [16] Beam-Tilt in the Digital Era, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, June 15, 1998. [17] On the Validity of the Longley-Rice (50,90/10) Propagation Model for HDTV Coverage and Interference Analysis, Oded Bendov, Dielectric, NAB Conference, April 1999. [18] DTV: Gold Mine or Land Mine? Will Replication of the NTSC Service Be Realized?, Dane Ericksen, Hammett & Edison, Television Broadcast, September 1999. [19] Canadian Digital Terrestrial Television System Technical Parameters, Yiyan Wu, Pierre Bouchard, Bernard Caron, D. Tyrie, R. Trenholm, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 45, No. 4, December 1999. [20] Application of the FCC s Coverage Model To Predict Interference And To Maximize Power for DTV Stations, Gregory Forbes, PBS, NAB Conference, April 2000. [21] FCC Defines DTV City Grade Contour, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, May 2, 2001. [22] DTV Coverage and Service Prediction, Measurement, and Performance Indices, Oded Bendov (Dielectric), John F.X. Browne (Consultant), Charles Rhodes (Consultant), Yiyan Wu, & Pierre Bouchard (CRC), IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 47, No. 3, September 2001. [23] How Far Do DTV Signals Really Fly?, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, September 5, 2001. [24] The Start of a Ghost Story, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, October 3, 2001. [25] An Analysis of DTV Propagation Into and Within A Room In A Domestic Environment, Carl Eilers and Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 48, No. 1, March 2002. [26] Enhanced Propagation of TV Signals, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, October 9, 2002. [27] Enhanced Propagation of TV Signals, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, November 13, 2002. [28] The L and T of Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, September 17, 2003. DTV COVERAGE EXTENSION: REPEATERS AND TRANSLATORS [1] Single Carrier VSB Digital Television Transmission, Single-Frequency Networks, and Repeater Systems, Wayne Bretl and Richard Citta, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Volume 42, No. 1, February 1996. [2] Coverage Extension with Digital VSB Transmission, Richard Citta and Wayne Bretl, Zenith, NAB Conference, April 1996. 13 of 16

[3] On-Channel Repeaters for Digital Television, Charles Einolf and Walt Hussak, ATTC, NAB Conference, April 1998. [4] Repeaters May Extend DTV Coverage, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, October 5, 1998. [5] On-Channel Repeaters for Digital Television Implementation and Field Testing, Walt Husak, Charles Einholf, and Stan Salamon, ATTC, NAB Conference, April 1999. [6] Design and Construction of a Commercial DTV On-Channel Repeater, Walt Husak (ATTC) and Everett Helm (Oregon Public Broadcasting), NAB Conference, April 2000. [7] Application of On-Channel Boosters To Fill Gaps in DTV Broadcast Coverage, R.W. Zborowski, ADC, NAB Conference, April 2000. [8] Engineering an On-Channel, Off-Air DTV Repeater, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, June 28, 2000. [9] More Much More About On-Channel, Off-Air DTV Repeaters, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, October 4, 2000. [10] Underscoring the Importance of Site Selection, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, TV Technology, November 15, 2000. [11] Single-Frequency Network Technique for Use With On-Channel Boosters for DTV Broadcast, R.W. Zborowski, ADC, NAB Conference, April 2001. [12] DTV Goes to the Country: TV Engineer Successfully Tests 8-VSB Over Challenging Terrain, Michael Grotticelli, Broadcasting and Cable, April 9, 2001. [13] Measuring and Extending DTV Coverage, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, August 8, 2001. [14] Inexpensive, Low-Power On-Channel Booster for DTV Coverage Enhancement, R. W. Zborowski, Consultant, NAB Conference, April 2002. [15] Single Frequency Networks for DTV, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, February 5, 2003. [16] Minimizing Delays in Single Frequency Networks, Doug Lung, Telemundo, TV Technology, March 5, 2003 DTV IMPLEMENTATION AND BUILD-OUT [1] The PBS ATV Handbook: A Practical Approach to the RF Conversion Process, William Zou and Matt Tietze (PBS) and Thomas Vaughan (T. Vaughan & Assoc.), NAB Conference, April 1995. [2] So You ve Just Been Assigned Channel 68 for ATV - Interpreting ATV Channel Assignments, Louis Libin, NBC, NAB Conference, April 1995. [3] Moving From VHF-NTSC to UHF-HDTV Without Bankrupting Your Station, Oded Bendov, Dielectric, NAB Conference, April 1997. [4] Implementing Digital Television - WRAL Case Study, David C. Danielsons, Harris, NAB Conference, April 1997. [5] Your DTV Assignment - Does It Provide Optimum Coverage?, Robert D. Weller, Hammett & Edison, NAB Conference, April 1998. [6] Naming, Numbering And Navigating The Channels In The Digital World, Bernard J. Lechner, Consultant, NAB Conference, April 1998. 14 of 16

[7] Sharing the Vision: A New Perspective on DTV Transmission, Mark Aitken (Comark) and Mike Thorne (NTL), NAB Conference, April 1999. [8] WBTV Field Experience: The First Full Power 1 MW DTV ERP Station, Andrew Whiteside, Comark, NAB Conference, April 1999. [9] A Look Back on 100 DTV Stations: What Lessons Have Been Learned?, David Sparano, Harris, NAB Conference, April 2001. [10] Liquid Cooled Solid State Transmitters For Television Broadcasting, Steven R. Kalis, (Comark), NAB Conference, April 2001. DTV SYSTEM LAB TESTING [1] The HDTV Test Kitchens, IEEE Spectrum, April 1995. [2] Subjective Evaluation of the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance System, Robert Leafloor, Annu Chopra, Philip Corriveau, and Lew Stelmach, CRC, NAB Conference, April 1996. [3] Summary of the Grand Alliance VSB Transmission System Laboratory Tests, Wayne Bretl and Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol 42, No. 3, June 1996. [4] An Evaluation of the FCC Proposed RF Mask for the Protection of Adjacent Channel NTSC Signals, ATTC, Document # 96-02, October 22, 1996. [5] Comments on the Measurement of Out-of-Channel Spectral Power Density, ATTC, Document # 96-03, October 23, 1996. [6] ATSC Lab Test Results, Charles Rhodes, Consultant, Montreux Symposium, June 1997. [7] An Evaluation of the FCC RF Mask for the Protection of DTV Signals from Adjacent Channel DTV Interference, ATTC, Document # 97-06, July 17, 1997. [8] DTV Beam-Tilt Interference into NTSC, ATTC, Document # 98-01, July 21, 1998. [9] ATSC 8-VSB Receiver Performance Comparison, Bernard Caron, Yiyan Wu, Benoit Ledoux, Jae H. Kim, and Alain Bergeron, CRC, NAB Conference, April 2000. [10] DTV Receiver Performance in the Real World, Charles Einolf, ATTC, NAB Conference, April 2000. DTV SYSTEM FIELD TESTING [1] Developing the Field Test Facility For A Terrestrial Broadcast Advanced Television Service, Edmund A. Williams, PBS, NAB Conference, April 1992. [2] Field Test Results of the Grand Alliance HDTV Transmission Subsystem, submitted to SS-WP2 Field Testing Task Force of the Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service of the FCC by Association for Maximum Service Television, Inc., CableLabs, and Public Broadcasting Service, September 16, 1994. [3] Results of the Terrestrial Broadcast Transmission of the Grand Alliance HDTV System, submitted to the Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service of the FCC by Association for Maximum Service Television, Inc. and Public Broadcasting Service, October 16, 1995. [4] Field Testing the Grand Alliance HDTV System, Jules Cohen, Consultant, NAB Conference, April 1996. 15 of 16

[5] Advancing the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance System from the Test Laboratory to the Real World, Thomas M. Gurley, MSTV, 138th SMPTE HDTV 96 Conference, October 1996. [6] Summary of the Grand Alliance VSB Transmission System Field Test in Charlotte, N.C., Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, Internal Memo, November 17, 1996. [7] ATSC Transmission System: Field Test Results, Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, Montreux Symposium, June 1997. [8] WRAL Field Test Report, Luther Ritchie, Capitol Broadcasting., Volumes 1-5, July 1997. [9] WRAL-HD DTV Field Testing, Luther Ritchie, Capitol Broadcasting, NAB Conference, April 1998. [10] Tribune/WGN DTV Field Test, Mike McKinnon (Tribune Broadcasting), Marc Drazin (WGN-TV), Gary Sgrignoli (Zenith), IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol 44, No. 3, September 1998. [11] The Model HDTV Station Project Field Test Plans, WHD-TV Model Station Technical Subcommittee RF Working Group, July 1998. (also see http://www.zenith.com/). [12] ATSC Field Test Vehicle Design Information, Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, internal memo to WHD-TV Model Station, November 15, 1998. (also see http://www.zenith.com/ ) [13] WCBS-DT DT Field Test Report, Robert Seidel and Walt Sidas, CBS, NAB Conference, April 1999. [14] Preliminary DTV Field Test Results and Their Effects on VSB Receiver Design, Gary Sgrignoli, Zenith, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 45, No. 3, August 1999. [15] KYW-DT DTV Field Test Report, Robert P. Seidel and Walter Sidas, CBS, June 20, 2000. [16] Digital Television Test Results Phase 1, Pierre Bouchard, Communications Research Center (Ottawa, Canada), CRC Report No. CRC-RP-2000-11, November 2000. [17] Results of ATSC DTV Field Measurements in Dallas, Thomas R. Henderson, Geocast, NAB Conference, April 2001. [18] iblast Data Broadcasting Field Tests: A Study to Understand and Quantify Reception of the ATSC Signal, Andrew Miller, Steve Lacey, Jerry Glaser, Mike Stauffer, and Pete Lude, iblast, iblast website, April 23, 2001. [19] What About Those Shadows, Tim Cutforth, VIR James Engineers, NAB Conference, April 2003. 16 of 16