Name : Nisa Purnama NIM : 107026001463 Thesis Title : Masculinity in Seven Pounds Movie Synopsis of the Thesis A. Background of the Study Literature is a reflection of civilization in human life. The progress of a civilization can be seen from the appreciation of a literary work. One type of literature that gets much attention from the public is a movie. The movie has a lot of understanding of each means that can be described extensively. Movie is a medium of social communication that is formed from the merger of the two senses, sight and hearing, which has a core or theme of a story that many express social realities of the environment around the place where the movie itself grows. 1 One of the movies that got people's attention, especially in the year 2008 was Seven Pounds movie. The movie was released on December 19, 2008. This movie was directed by Gabriele Muccino. The movie has drama genre and starring Will Smith as the main character. This movie tells of a man, Tim Thomas (Will Smith) who has a tragic experience with his girlfriend, played by Sarah Jenson (Robinne Lee). In general, the masculine is defined as something that has the properties of masculinity, whether in the form of personality, behavior, occupation, or other objects. For example, aggressive, dominant, ambitious, without emotion, motor racing, ride a big motorcycle, guns, boxing, body building, construction workers, 1 http://raachaan.multiply.com/journal/item/2 Accessed on January 2, 2010 1
truck drivers, are the things that are considered masculine. Masculine today has undergone changes in many aspects. The first assumption of masculine is a strong man, brave, look for the livelihood in the outside of home and others, and not related to women s matters. Masculinity is the quality of being masculine. 2 The main character in Seven Pounds movie shows masculinity. For example, Tim Thomas has a muscular body, it describes that he is strong. He also has the others characteristics of masculinity. From the explanation above the writer wants to analyze masculinity that showed by the main character, Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie. B. Focus of the Study Based on the background of the study, the writer restricts the research on characterization of the main character and analysis of the masculinity as the representation by the main character in Seven Pounds movie. C. Research Question Based on focus of the study, there is one question for discussion, that is: What types of masculinity are showed by Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie based on Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept? edition, p. 942. 2 Oxford University Press, Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary (New York, 2005), 7 th 2
D. Benefit of the Study This research is expected to increase the repertory of scientific field studies and literary criticism to become more diverse and varied. In addition, the results of this study are expected to provide the accurate information and suitable description about the characterization of the main character and masculinity that represented by the characterization of the main character in Seven Pounds movie. E. Research Methodology 1. Objective of the Study In general, this study aims to determine the relationship between the characterization of the main character and masculinity in Seven Pounds movie. Specifically the aim of the study is: to know how the characterization of Tim Thomas in Seven Pound movie and what the masculinity that showed by Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie is analyzed based on Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept. 2. Method of the Research Based on the formulation of the problem and aim of the research, the methods that will be used is a qualitative method which is analyzes the data that have been collected in the form of words and not in the form of numbers. 3. Data Analysis Technique The collected data will be analyzed with the theory of character and characterization to reveal the main character. The collected data will also be 3
analyzed by using the Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept of masculinity. Finally, the data will be analyzed through Descriptive Analyzes Technique. 4. Research Instrument The study uses the researcher as the main instrument to obtain qualitative data about the characterization of the main character in a way to watch movies repeatedly, identify, and provide notes that can give more information about the characterization and masculinity. 5. Unit of Analysis The unit of analysis in this study is Seven Pounds movie, which was released on December 19, 2008. This movie was directed by Gabriele Muccino. There is a main man character that represents the identity as the only man in the movie. 6. Place and Time This research will be conducted in 2010 in English Letters Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University. The activities include the preparation, data collection and analysis, as well as writing the report. F. Theoretical Framework 1. Character and Characterization a. Stock Characters and Stereotypes Stock characters are minor characters whose actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession. They are in 4
the film simply because the situation demands their presence. They serve as a natural part of the setting, much as stage properties like a lamp or a chair might function in a play. Stereotypes, however, are characters of somewhat greater importance to the film. They fit into preconceived patterns of behavior common to or representative of a large number of people, at least a large number of fictional people. b. Static and Developing Characters Developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the story. Static characters remain essentially the same throughout the film. The action does not have an important effect on their lives (as might generally be the case with the hero of an action/adventure film). Or they are insensitive to the meaning of the action and thus are not capable of growth or change. c. Flat and Round Characters Flat characters are two-dimensional, predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with psychological depth. They often tend to be representative character types rather than flesh-and-blood human beings. Unique, individualistic characters who have some degree of complexity and ambiguity and who cannot easily be 5
categorized are called round characters or three-dimensional characters. 3 Characterization Besides the characters, the other elements which are also very important in the drama are the characterization. Characters are clearly different with characterization. If the characters are all individuals or figures in the story, the characterization is the way how the author shows the figures. The author displays those characters through several images such as dialogue, behavior, movement, and so on. 1. Characterization Through Appearance Because most film actors project certain qualities of character the minute they appear on the screen, characterization in film has a great deal to do with casting. A major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously. Although some actors may be versatile enough to project completely different qualities in different roles, most actors are not. The minute we see most actors on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way they move. Our first visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story progresses, but it is certainly an important means of establishing character. 3 Ibid. pp. 57-60. 6
2. Characterization Through Dialogue Characters in a fictional film naturally reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say. But a great deal is also revealed by how they say it. Their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress, pitch, and pause patterns of their speech. Actors use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects (if any) reveals a great deal about their characters social and economic level, educational background, and mental processes. 3. Characterization Through External Action Although appearance is an important measure of a character s personality, appearances are often misleading. Perhaps the best reflections of character are a person s actions. It must be assumed, of course, that real characters are more than mere instruments of the plot, that they do what they do for a purpose, out of motives that are consistent with their overall personality. Thus, there should be a clear relationship between a character and his or her actions; the actions should grow naturally out of the character s personality. 4. Characterization Through Internal Action There is an inner world of action that normally remains unseen and unheard by even the most careful observer/listener. Yet the dimension of human nature that this world embraces is often essential to a real understanding of a character. Inner action occurs within characters minds and emotions and consists 7
of secret, unspoken thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, and fantasies. People s hopes, dreams, and aspirations can be as important to an understanding of their character as any real achievement, and their fears and insecurities can be more terrible to them than any real catastrophic failure. 5. Characterization Through Reactions of Other Characters The way other characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of characterization. Sometimes, a great deal of information about a character is already provided through such means before the character first appears on the screen. 4 6. Characterization Through Contrast: Dramatic Foils One of the most effective techniques of characterization is the use of foils contrasting characters whose behavior, attitudes, opinions, lifestyle, physical appearance, and so on are the opposite of those of the main characters. 7. Characterization Through Caricature and Leitmotif In order to etch a character quickly and deeply in our minds and memories, actors often exaggerate or distort one or more dominant features or personality traits. This device is called caricature (from the technique used in cartooning). A similar means of characterization, leitmotif, is the repetition of a single phrase or idea by a character until it becomes almost a trademark or theme 4 Ibid. pp. 50-53. 8
song for that character. Because it essentially exaggerates and emphasizes (through repetition), such a device acts very much like caricature. 8. Characterization Through Choice of Name One important method of characterization is the use of names possessing appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation. This technique is known as name typing. Because a great deal of thought goes into the choice of names, they should not be taken for granted but should be carefully examined for the connotations they communicate. The connotations of some names, such as Dick Tracy, are rather obvious and clear: Dick is slang for detective; Tracy derives from the fact that detectives trace criminals. 5 2. Janet Saltzman Chafetz s Concept of Masculinity Masculinity is characteristics, pattern, orientation and tendency that build statement quotation male identity. 6 It described that men are explicit, rational, aggressive and intelligent. Masculinity also described as a traditional value from men s attitude or men s behavior that believes courtesy and morals in public. Manhood is sometimes used as a synonym for masculinity. The antonym of masculinity is femininity; femininity in men is sometimes called effeminacy. In some cultures masculinity may be an indicator of social status as much as wealth, race or social class. In western culture, for example, greater masculinity usually brings greater social status for males among their peers. Many English words such 5 Ibid. pp. 54-57. 6 Rahmat Hidayat, Ilmu Yang Seksis: Feminisme dan Perlawanan Terhadap Teori Sosial Maskulin, (Yogjakarta: Jendela, 2004) cet. ke-1, p.173. 9
as virtue and virile (all from the Latin vir meaning man) reflect this. An association with physical and/or moral strength is implied. Masculinity is associated more commonly with men than with boys. Janet Saltzman Chafetz describes seven areas of traditional masculinity in Western culture. The first is the image of men s physical; it concerns virile, athletic, strong, brave and unconcerned about appearance and aging, it describes masculinity characteristic from men body whether it is virile and athletic, also men power such as strong and brave. He is not afraid of anything and he is a savior for his women, relatives, and himself. The second is the image of men s functional, it concerns breadwinner, provider, it is about men as family s backbone or for himself. The third is the image of men s sexual desire, it concerns sexually aggressive than woman, experienced and in society, they accept single status. The fourth is the image of men s emotional; men usually can stoic their emotional (men having self-control emotion). The fifth is the image of men s intellectual, it concerns of logical, intellectual, rational, objective, and practical. The sixth is the image of men s interpersonal, it concerns of become a leader, dominating, disciplinarian, more independent, individualistic (applies to western societies). Then, seventh is the other men s personal characteristics, it is concerning of success-oriented, ambitious; proud, egoistical (applies to some societies);, moral, trustworthy; decisive, competitive, adventurous. 7 7 http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/masculinity. Accessed on March 24, 2010 10
G. Research Finding 1. Data Description Seven Pounds movie has the only man main character named Tim Thomas. Tim Thomas represents the masculinity in this movie. From the movie there are some corpuses to analysis. No Corpus Scene Explanatory 1 Picture 1 1 2 Doctor : No anesthetic. You ever donated bone marrow before? You're a brave guy. How long have you known Nicholas (Tim : hold the pain) 10 3 Picture 2 10 4 Picture 3 1 Tim has a muscular body. Tim is a brave man to do something that he never does before. Tim has a muscular body. Tim has a house. 5 Picture 4 2 Tim has a car. Characterization of Masculinity Physical Physical Physical Function; as provider Function; as provider 6 Tim : So if there is one thing that I have learned...and you all should remember about winning these contracts: Three steps. First, tell them what you're gonna tell them. Step two, you tell them. Step three, tell them what you told them. We are gonna close by reminding them...that old girl has a 3-percent better impulse from sea level to vacuum......and if they pass on that, quite frankly, they deserve another Sputnik. 2 Tim tries to give a suggestion for his friends in the office. It is all for their works. Interpersonal 11
7 8 Ben : Where are you staying, Tim? Tell me, because I don't know where my brother lives! Tim : A motel. Five blocks from here. Ben : Hello? Hey, it's me. It's your brother. Where are you? Tim : I'm at the beach house.... Tim : I'll talk to you later. You take care of yourself. Ben : Hold on. I know it's been a while, but when you were staying here...you didn't take something of mine by mistake, did you? Tim : I remember giving you something. You remember that? Because remember that very clearly. Ben : Yeah. Yeah. Tim : Just remember I love you. 9 Picture 12 8 10 Tim : I grew up in Oakland. Emily : Literally. Okay. Where did you go to college? Tim : As far from Oakland as possible. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 11 Picture 13 8 12 Tim : Now, if you will excuse me...i have a very lovely, very hungry woman 11 2 8 2 For the first time, Tim does not tell to his brother when he moves from his house. Until one day his brother asks about it. Ben always to persuade Tim to live in his house. But Tim always refuses it. Tim screams in his car. Tim was graduated from a college. Tim tries to apologize to Emily with doing something. Tim tries to fulfill his promise with Interpersonal Interpersonal Emotional Intellectual Sexual Aggressive Sexual Aggressive 12
at home waiting for me. Tim : (at home) Sarah.. Honey..Everyone at work kept saying it was daylightsavings time. Sarah : You were supposed to be here a while ago. I kept saying it wasn't. This happens all the time. It's work. Tim : I'm sorry. I'm sorry. Sarah : No, I'm angry with you. I'm gonna be angry all night long. 13 Picture 14 9 14 Picture 15 12 15 Tim : What if we have children?. What if we got married? I love you. I love you. Emily : I love you too. 12 16 Picture 16 12 17 Picture 17 12 18 Connie : Who sent you here? Tim : Please sit down. Connie : I'm not going to sit down. Tim : Please, calm down. Connie : I'm not going to calm down. 19 Picture 18 11 20 Dan : So I lied to you because I was so jealous. 5 5 his girlfriend. He is so appreciate her. Tim so appreciate women. It is seen when he treats Emily. Tim kissing Emily. Tim says that he loves Emily. Tim and Emily doing sex. Tim feels doubt about his mission and his beloved. Tim tries to calm down Emily when she angry with him. Tim dancing with Emily. Tim keeps doing his Sexual Aggressive Sexual Aggressive Sexual Aggressive Sexual Aggressive Emotional Emotional Sexual Aggressive Other Personal Characteristics 13
21 And I realized that I've been carrying around this lie...in my heart for the last 25... Tim : Stop it! Stop it. Stay focused. Do what you promised me. Dan : What, you think I'm...? Tim : Do what you promised me. Dan : You think I'm gonna let you down now, don't you?i've known you my whole damn life! Okay?This? This? This is not something you do every day. Okay? This is... This is not easy for me. I'll make sure everything goes as planned. Don't worry. Tim : Thank you. Connie : What if he finds us? Tim : He won't. Connie : What makes you so sure? Tim : Stop it. Connie : You don't know him. Tim : Stop it. Don't be weak. Don't be weak. Connie : I'm not weak. 22 Picture 19 11 7 mission, although Dan, his best friend, does not want if Tim continues his mission. Tim convinces Connie to live in his house. Tim kissing Emily s hand. It means that he so appreciate Emily. Other Personal Characteristics Sexual Aggressive 14
2. Data Analysis The character of Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie is independent and consistency. The writer uses the Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept of masculinity to analyze this movie. Analysis divided into seven areas based on Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept of masculinity. The writer is going to analyze the masculinity that showed by Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie from the scenes and the character s dialogue. A. Physical Physic means body, which is important of human performance. It is also related with health and sexy body which is appearing proud and confidence. Based on Janet s concept; physical concerns virile, athletic, strong, brave, and unconcerned about appearance and aging, it describes masculinity characteristic from men body whether it is virile and athletic, also men power such as strong and brave. He is not afraid of anything and he is a savior for his women, relatives, and himself. Tim Thomas is represented as a middle age man, who has strong body. It can be seen from his athletic and muscular body. Tim Thomas is represented as a man with a short black hair, black skin and he does not wear any accessories like earring or necklace. The way his stand looks sturdy and brawny. Beside of the muscular body Tim also a brave man. He is brave to do something that he never does before. Tim has a mission to redeem his mistake that he tries to help seven peoples who even he does not know. 15
B. Function The movie represents the culture of men function as breadwinner or provider for their family or for himself. Based on Janet s concept, it is about men as family s backbone or for him. Tim is a provider for himself. As a tax collector, it gives Tim Thomas salary to fulfill his needs. He lives alone in the beach house. He does not depend on the other person, even his brother. He can stand alone. He is doing alone at all. C. Sexual Aggressive Sexual means intimacy or desire relationship with the opposite sex. Based on Janet s concept, it concerns sexually aggressive than woman, experienced and in society they accept single status. Tim Thomas is not sexual aggressive but he is a man who appreciates the women and he tries to keep the relationship with his relatives. He always tries to do anything to get an apology from his partner when he had a problem. He takes the initiative to get women s attention and then he can do something that he should do. Finally he was able to melt the heart of a woman. Tim Thomas is a man who accepts the single status. He is not concern about it. He is only thinking about how to redeem his mistake. D. Emotional Emotion is a strong feeling of any kinds of love, joy, hate, fear, and jealously. Emotional means showing a feeling of angry or emotion, belong to Janet s concept, men can stability their emotion when they face the problem. 16
Actually he was feeling sad and depressed with the problem. He was devastated by the incident which is his mistake. But Tim could hide everything calmly. Nobody really knows, except his brother. He is calm in its mission to help seven people. Seven Pounds shows the character of Tim Thomas who has self-control. Tim Thomas also has a quiet emotion. It is seen that he looks calm to face his problem. Tim is also able to control the emotion or his passion to love Emily. He can control it all and it made him hesitate to continue its mission. E. Intellectual Intellectual is connected with a person s powers of reasoning. Belong to Janet s concept; intellectual includes logical, rational, objective and practical. As a Tim Thomas, who works in a corporate tax, it includes an intellectual person. He is well-educated. He was reached the level of university education. Tim Thomas is a smart in doing approach to every person who would he help. Tim Thomas is able to make their hearts feel very close to him. He is able to control their emotions. He know how he should do when he dealing with them. Tim also shows logical and rational. Tim was brave to make a decision to help seven people that can hurt him. Based on his reasoning he have to do it because he killed seven people in the accident. That is his mistake and he would do something to redeem his mistake. He has a mistake, so he have to redeem all or he punishes himself. 17
F. Interpersonal Personal means relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or private affairs. And interpersonal means existing or done between two or more people where one of them can be leader and dominant. Based on Janet s concept, the interpersonal is a leader, dominant, discipline, independent, and individual. Tim Thomas is showed as a leader in his work. This is also seen in its mission to help seven people. He tried every way how to help them. He set all the way with his own way. He also asked his friend to help him in doing his mission in order to run well. Tim Thomas is a kind of an independent and individual person. He lived alone. Although he has a brother but he did not want to stay with him. Even when his house has been given to others, he stayed at the motel and Ben did not know it. He did not want to rely on his brother to stay with him. He also made his entire mission alone. Although there are suggestions from some friends, but in his actions Tim Thomas always set up and run it. G. Other Personal Characteristics Men have strong characteristic through Janet s concept, it includes of success-orientation, ambitious, proud, egoistical, moral, trustworthy, decisive, competitive and adventurous. The movie represents the characteristic through Tim Thomas character. Tim Thomas as success oriented person who do his mission successfully; he can face the problem in his life. Tim Thomas is a kind of trustworthy man. Tim Thomas is ambitious. Tim is very ambitious to do his mission to atone for his mistake. Tim is very brave in taking action, although he 18
did not know the risks. He is very confident to do that, even if the risk is very hard for Tim Thomas. Adventure does not mean just an adventure from one place to another place. But it can mean brave in doing risk. An adventure is defined as an exciting or unusual experience; it may also be a bold, usually risky undertaking, with an uncertain outcome. 8 Tim Thomas is adventurous. It is seen from the way he is responsible for the mistakes he had done. He dared to do anything to redeem his mistake. It started with he helped her brother to donate lobes of his lungs. He donated his heart to Emily Posa, his cornea to Ezra, the right of his liver to Holly, his kidney to George Ristucia, his bone marrow to Nicholas and he gave his home to Connie. All this he did without any concern for the fate of his own. All of that is very high risk and hurt himself; even it is the reason for he is being suicide. H. Conclusion and Suggestion 1. Conslusion The writer analyses the Masculinity in Seven Pounds movie that is on the how the masculinity of Tim Thomas is represented in Seven Pounds movie based on Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept of masculinity. This research is to describe the masculinity through the main character Tim Thomas. Seven Pounds movie represents traditional masculinity than modern masculinity. The traditional masculinity is based on Janet s concept that consists of seven areas; they are physic, function, sexual aggressive, emotion, intellectual, interpersonal and other 8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/adventure. Accessed on January 26, 2011 19
personal characteristics. The writer found that masculinity is shown by the main character that using Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept. 2. Suggestion In analyzing the masculine characteristics, the writer suggests to the other researchers to develop their knowledge the concepts of masculinity that will help the issue of movie. Through this study, the writer hopes that this paper can be useful to all students who want to study in depth about the masculinity. Finally, the writer hopes that this study will be useful the future improvement of studying masculinity, especially for the students of English Letters Department who want to do the similar research. 20
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Literature is a form of human expression; it gives a big contribution for development of science and art for many years until now. From literature people not only know the way to express what their feelings, emotion and their experience, but also open their mind about their culture or another country s culture. Besides that literature is the main center of written works such as drama, short story, novel, and poetry. 1 Literature is a reflection of civilization in human life. The progress of a civilization can be seen from the appreciation of a literary work. One type of literature that gets much attention from the public is a movie. The movie has a lot of understanding of each means that can be described extensively. Movie is a medium of social communication that is formed from the merger of the two senses, sight and hearing, which has a core or theme of a story that many express social realities of the environment around the place where the movie itself grows. 2 One of the movies that got people's attention, especially in the year 2008 was Seven Pounds movie. The movie was released on December 19, 2008. This movie was directed by Gabriele Muccino. The movie has drama genre and starring Will Smith as the main character. This movie tells of a man, Tim Thomas 1 Chris Baldick, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p.25 2 http://raachaan.multiply.com/journal/item/2 Accessed on January 2, 2010
2 (Will Smith) who has a tragic experience with his girlfriend, played by Sarah Jenson (Robinne Lee). When they are in travel, they suddenly have an accident that causing 6 people were killed and his girlfriend was also killed. How sad that Tim Thomas when he knew his girlfriend was killed and he thought that he had killed his happiness only on 7 seconds. During that time, Tim decided to make atonement for his mistake for the accident which causing 7 people killed. He decided to help the 7 life s strangers, even though he was not familiar with them. He started redemption accident by donating lung lobe to his brother, Ben Thomas (Michael Ealy). Six months later he donates part of his liver to a child services worker named Holly (Judyann Elder). After that, he begins searching for more candidates to receive donations. He finds George (Bill Smitrovich), a junior hockey coach, and donates a kidney to him, and donates bone marrow to a young boy named Nicholas (Quintin Kelley). Then, Tim continued to search for the next other people who deserve his helps. Character is one of the intrinsic elements contain in literary works. The term 'character' is usually used in two contexts. The first context, the characters refer to individuals who appear in the story. The second context, it refers to the mixing of characters from various interests, desires, emotions, and moral principles of the individual. 3 Characters in a story must have a characterization. Characterization describes the character or physical condition, psychological and sociological of the character. cet. ke-1, p. 33. 3 Robert Stanton, Teori Fiksi Robert Stanton (Yogyakarta: PUSTAKA PELAJAR, 2007),
3 Characterization describes the detail how the actual character. Based on these reasons, the writer wants to analyze the characterization of the main character. The main character in this movie is a man, and the character of this man represents masculine character. Masculine is considered typical of men and feminine is considered typical of women. In essence the nature of a man is above the female. Men tend to do things or work outside the home, while women work at home or take care of the household. Although it has now undergone many aspects of change, but the actual nature of man is to become a leader for women. In general, the masculine is defined as something that has the properties of masculinity, whether in the form of personality, behavior, occupation, or other objects. For example, aggressive, dominant, ambitious, without emotion, motor racing, ride a big motorcycle, guns, boxing, body building, construction workers, truck drivers, are the things that are considered masculine. Masculine today has undergone changes in many aspects. The first assumption of masculine is a strong man, brave, look for the livelihood in the outside of home and others, and not related to women s matters. Masculinity is the quality of being masculine. 4 The main character in Seven Pounds movie shows masculinity. For example, Tim Thomas has a muscular body, it describes that he is strong. He also has the others characteristics of masculinity. From the explanation above the writer wants to analyze masculinity that showed by the main character, Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie. edition, p. 942. 4 Oxford University Press, Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary (New York, 2005), 7 th
4 B. Focus of the Study Based on the background of the study, the writer restricts the research on characterization of the main character and analysis of the masculinity as the representation by the main character in Seven Pounds movie. C. Research Question Based on focus of the study, there is one question for discussion, that is: What types of masculinity are showed by Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie based on Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept? D. Benefit of the Study This research is expected to increase the repertory of scientific field studies and literary criticism to become more diverse and varied. In addition, the results of this study are expected to provide the accurate information and suitable description about the characterization of the main character and masculinity that represented by the characterization of the main character in Seven Pounds movie. E. Research Methodology 1. Objective of the Study In general, this study aims to determine the relationship between the characterization of the main character and masculinity in Seven Pounds movie. Specifically the aim of the study is: to know how the characterization of Tim Thomas in Seven Pound movie and what the masculinity that showed by Tim
5 Thomas in Seven Pounds movie is analyzed based on Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept. 2. Method of the Research Based on the formulation of the problem and aim of the research, the methods that will be used is a qualitative method which is analyzes the data that have been collected in the form of words and not in the form of numbers. 3. Data Analysis Technique The collected data will be analyzed with the theory of character and characterization to reveal the main character. The collected data will also be analyzed by using the Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept of masculinity. Finally, the data will be analyzed through Descriptive Analyzes Technique. 4. Research Instrument The study uses the researcher as the main instrument to obtain qualitative data about the characterization of the main character in a way to watch movies repeatedly, identify, and provide notes that can give more information about the characterization and masculinity. 5. Unit of Analysis The unit of analysis in this study is Seven Pounds movie, which was released on December 19, 2008. This movie was directed by Gabriele Muccino. There is a main man character that represents the identity as the only man in the movie. 6. Place and Time This research will be conducted in 2010 in English Letters Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University.
6 The activities include the preparation, data collection and analysis, as well as writing the report.
7 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A. Character and Characterization One of the basic elements in a movie is the characters. With other elements, the characters build a story. Without the character there will not be a plot and there is no story. The relationship between plot and character is a vital and necessary one. Without character there would be no plot and, hence, no story. 5 When we tell about the character in terms of literary analysis, we basically have to consider three separate but closely linked. We must note, first, the ability to build the character and personality of the character itself, and the ability to understand the main identification intellectual, emotional, and moral qualities. Second, we must consider the methods and techniques that authors use to create, develop, and provide character to the reader. Third, we are concern with whether the characters are presented so credible and convincing. The term applies to the character of each individual in the literature. For the purposes of analysis, the characters in fiction commonly described in relation to the character itself with plot, with the character development level given by the author, and with whether they occurring or not a significant change in character. 6 5 James H. Pickering and Jeffrey D. Hoeper, Concise Companion to Literature (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1981), p. 23 6 Ibid. pp.23-24.
8 If we are not interested in a film s most human elements-its charactersthere is little chance that will be interested in the film as a whole. For the most part, the characters in a story are believable in the same way that the story is believable. In other words, they conform to be laws of probability and necessity (by reflecting externally observable truths about human nature), they conform to some inner truth (man as we want him to be), or they are made to seem real by the convincing art of the actor. If characters are truly credible, it is almost impossible to remain completely neutral toward them. 7 1. Stock Characters and Stereotypes Stock characters are minor characters whose actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession. They are in the film simply because the situation demands their presence. They serve as a natural part of the setting, much as stage properties like a lamp or a chair might function in a play. Stereotypes, however, are characters of somewhat greater importance to the film. They fit into preconceived patterns of behavior common to or representative of a large number of people, at least a large number of fictional people. 2. Static and Developing Characters Developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or 7 Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, The Art of Watching Films (London: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000), 5 th edition, p. 50.
9 outlook on life as a result of the action of the story. Static characters remain essentially the same throughout the film. The action does not have an important effect on their lives (as might generally be the case with the hero of an action/adventure film). Or they are insensitive to the meaning of the action and thus are not capable of growth or change. 3. Flat and Round Characters Flat characters are two-dimensional, predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with psychological depth. They often tend to be representative character types rather than flesh-and-blood human beings. Unique, individualistic characters who have some degree of complexity and ambiguity and who cannot easily be categorized are called round characters or three-dimensional characters. 8 Characterization Besides the characters, the other elements which are also very important in the drama are the characterization. Characters are clearly different with characterization. If the characters are all individuals or figures in the story, the characterization is the way how the author shows the figures. The author displays those characters through several images such as dialogue, behavior, movement, and so on. 8 Ibid. pp. 57-60.
10 1. Characterization Through Appearance Because most film actors project certain qualities of character the minute they appear on the screen, characterization in film has a great deal to do with casting. A major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously. Although some actors may be versatile enough to project completely different qualities in different roles, most actors are not. The minute we see most actors on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way they move. Our first visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story progresses, but it is certainly an important means of establishing character. 2. Characterization Through Dialogue Characters in a fictional film naturally reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say. But a great deal is also revealed by how they say it. Their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress, pitch, and pause patterns of their speech. Actors use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects (if any) reveals a great deal about their characters social and economic level, educational background, and mental processes. 3. Characterization Through External Action Although appearance is an important measure of a character s personality, appearances are often misleading. Perhaps the best reflections of character are a person s actions. It must be assumed, of course, that real characters
11 are more than mere instruments of the plot, that they do what they do for a purpose, out of motives that are consistent with their overall personality. Thus, there should be a clear relationship between a character and his or her actions; the actions should grow naturally out of the character s personality. 4. Characterization Through Internal Action There is an inner world of action that normally remains unseen and unheard by even the most careful observer/listener. Yet the dimension of human nature that this world embraces is often essential to a real understanding of a character. Inner action occurs within characters minds and emotions and consists of secret, unspoken thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, and fantasies. People s hopes, dreams, and aspirations can be as important to an understanding of their character as any real achievement, and their fears and insecurities can be more terrible to them than any real catastrophic failure. 5. Characterization Through Reactions of Other Characters The way other characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of characterization. Sometimes, a great deal of information about a character is already provided through such means before the character first appears on the screen. 9 9 Ibid. pp. 50-53.
12 6. Characterization Through Contrast: Dramatic Foils One of the most effective techniques of characterization is the use of foils contrasting characters whose behavior, attitudes, opinions, lifestyle, physical appearance, and so on are the opposite of those of the main characters. 7. Characterization Through Caricature and Leitmotif In order to etch a character quickly and deeply in our minds and memories, actors often exaggerate or distort one or more dominant features or personality traits. This device is called caricature (from the technique used in cartooning). A similar means of characterization, leitmotif, is the repetition of a single phrase or idea by a character until it becomes almost a trademark or theme song for that character. Because it essentially exaggerates and emphasizes (through repetition), such a device acts very much like caricature. 8. Characterization Through Choice of Name One important method of characterization is the use of names possessing appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation. This technique is known as name typing. Because a great deal of thought goes into the choice of names, they should not be taken for granted but should be carefully examined for the connotations they communicate. The connotations of some names, such as Dick Tracy, are rather obvious and clear: Dick is slang for detective; Tracy derives from the fact that detectives trace criminals. 10 10 Ibid. pp. 54-57.
13 B. Janet Saltzman Chafetz s Concept of Masculinity Masculine or masculinity of the French language, masculinine is an adjective, adjective which means "kepriaan" or indicate the nature of males. The antonym is feminine. This term is different from the "kejantanan" (which opponents said was "kebetinaan"). 11 Masculinity is characteristics, pattern, orientation and tendency that build statement quotation male identity. 12 It described that men are explicit, rational, aggressive and intelligent. Masculinity also described as a traditional value from men s attitude or men s behavior that believes courtesy and morals in public. Manhood is sometimes used as a synonym for masculinity. The antonym of masculinity is femininity; femininity in men is sometimes called effeminacy. In some cultures masculinity may be an indicator of social status as much as wealth, race or social class. In western culture, for example, greater masculinity usually brings greater social status for males among their peers. Many English words such as virtue and virile (all from the Latin vir meaning man) reflect this. An association with physical and/or moral strength is implied. Masculinity is associated more commonly with men than with boys. Janet Saltzman Chafetz describes seven areas of traditional masculinity in Western culture. The first is the image of men s physical; it concerns virile, athletic, strong, brave and unconcerned about appearance and aging, it describes masculinity characteristic from men body whether it is virile and athletic, also men power such as strong and brave. He is not afraid of anything and he is a 11 http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/maskulinitas Accessed on January 2, 2010. 12 Rahmat Hidayat, Ilmu Yang Seksis: Feminisme dan Perlawanan Terhadap Teori Sosial Maskulin, (Yogjakarta: Jendela, 2004) cet. ke-1, p.173.
14 savior for his women, relatives, and himself. The second is the image of men s functional, it concerns breadwinner, provider, it is about men as family s backbone or for himself. The third is the image of men s sexual desire, it concerns sexually aggressive than woman, experienced and in society, they accept single status. The fourth is the image of men s emotional; men usually can stoic their emotional (men having self-control emotion). The fifth is the image of men s intellectual, it concerns of logical, intellectual, rational, objective, and practical. The sixth is the image of men s interpersonal, it concerns of become a leader, dominating, disciplinarian, more independent, individualistic (applies to western societies). Then, seventh is the other men s personal characteristics, it is concerning of success-oriented, ambitious; proud, egoistical (applies to some societies);, moral, trustworthy; decisive, competitive, adventurous. 13 13 http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/masculinity. Accessed on March 24, 2010
15 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS A. Data Description Seven Pounds movie has the only man main character named Tim Thomas. Tim Thomas represents the masculinity in this movie. From the movie there are some corpuses to analysis. No Corpus Scene Explanatory 1 Picture 1 1 2 Doctor : No anesthetic. You ever donated bone marrow before? You're a brave guy. How long have you known Nicholas (Tim : hold the pain) 10 3 Picture 2 10 4 Picture 3 1 Tim has a muscular body. Tim is a brave man to do something that he never does before. Tim has a muscular body. Tim has a house. 5 Picture 4 2 Tim has a car. Characterization of Masculinity Physical Physical Physical Function; as provider Function; as provider 6 Tim : So if there is one thing that I have learned...and you all should remember about winning these contracts: Three steps. First, tell them what you're gonna tell them. Step two, you tell them. Step three, tell them what you told them. We 2 Tim tries to give a suggestion for his friends in the office. It is all for their works. Interpersonal
16 7 8 are gonna close by reminding them...that old girl has a 3-percent better impulse from sea level to vacuum......and if they pass on that, quite frankly, they deserve another Sputnik. Ben : Where are you staying, Tim? Tell me, because I don't know where my brother lives! Tim : A motel. Five blocks from here. Ben : Hello? Hey, it's me. It's your brother. Where are you? Tim : I'm at the beach house.... Tim : I'll talk to you later. You take care of yourself. Ben : Hold on. I know it's been a while, but when you were staying here...you didn't take something of mine by mistake, did you? Tim : I remember giving you something. You remember that? Because remember that very clearly. Ben : Yeah. Yeah. Tim : Just remember I love you. 9 Picture 12 8 10 Tim : I grew up in Oakland. Emily : Literally. Okay. Where did you go to college? Tim : As far from Oakland as possible. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 11 2 8 For the first time, Tim does not tell to his brother when he moves from his house. Until one day his brother asks about it. Ben always to persuade Tim to live in his house. But Tim always refuses it. Tim screams in his car. Tim was graduated from a college. Interpersonal Interpersonal Emotional Intellectual 11 Picture 13 8 Tim tries to Sexual
17 12 Tim : Now, if you will excuse me...i have a very lovely, very hungry woman at home waiting for me. Tim : (at home) Sarah.. Honey..Everyone at work kept saying it was daylightsavings time. Sarah : You were supposed to be here a while ago. I kept saying it wasn't. This happens all the time. It's work. Tim : I'm sorry. I'm sorry. Sarah : No, I'm angry with you. I'm gonna be angry all night long. 13 Picture 14 9 14 Picture 15 12 15 Tim : What if we have children?. What if we got married? I love you. I love you. Emily : I love you too. 2 12 16 Picture 16 12 17 Picture 17 12 apologize to Emily with doing something. Tim tries to fulfill his promise with his girlfriend. He is so appreciate her. Tim so appreciate women. It is seen when he treats Emily. Tim kissing Emily. Tim says that he loves Emily. Tim and Emily doing sex. Tim feels doubt about his mission and his beloved. Aggressive Sexual Aggressive Sexual Aggressive Sexual Aggressive Sexual Aggressive Sexual Aggressive Emotional 18 Connie : Who sent you here? Tim : Please sit down. Connie : I'm not going to sit down. Tim : Please, calm down. 5 Tim tries to calm down Emily when she angry with him. Emotional
18 Connie : I'm not going to calm down. 19 Picture 18 11 20 21 Dan : So I lied to you because I was so jealous. And I realized that I've been carrying around this lie...in my heart for the last 25... Tim : Stop it! Stop it. Stay focused. Do what you promised me. Dan : What, you think I'm...? Tim : Do what you promised me. Dan : You think I'm gonna let you down now, don't you?i've known you my whole damn life! Okay?This? This? This is not something you do every day. Okay? This is... This is not easy for me. I'll make sure everything goes as planned. Don't worry. Tim : Thank you. Connie : What if he finds us? Tim : He won't. Connie : What makes you so sure? Tim : Stop it. Connie : You don't know him. Tim : Stop it. Don't be weak. Don't be weak. Connie : I'm not weak. 22 Picture 19 11 5 7 Tim dancing with Emily. Tim keeps doing his mission, although Dan, his best friend, does not want if Tim continues his mission. Tim convinces Connie to live in his house. Tim kissing Emily s hand. It means that he so appreciate Emily. Sexual Aggressive Other Personal Characteristics Other Personal Characteristics Sexual Aggressive
19 B. Data Analysis The character of Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie is independent and consistency. The writer uses the Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept of masculinity to analyze this movie. Analysis divided into seven areas based on Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept of masculinity. The writer is going to analyze the masculinity that showed by Tim Thomas in Seven Pounds movie from the scenes and the character s dialogue. 1. Physical Physic means body, which is important of human performance. It is also related with health and sexy body which is appearing proud and confidence. Based on Janet s concept; physical concerns virile, athletic, strong, brave, and unconcerned about appearance and aging, it describes masculinity characteristic from men body whether it is virile and athletic, also men power such as strong and brave. He is not afraid of anything and he is a savior for his women, relatives, and himself. Tim Thomas is represented as a middle age man, who has strong body. It can be seen from his athletic and muscular body. His athletic physic is shown in his shoulder, arm and chest. The way of his stand shows a bravery man. Tim Thomas is represented as a man with a short black hair, black skin and he does not wear any accessories like earring or necklace. The way his stand looks sturdy and brawny.
20 P Picture 1 Picture 2 Beside of the muscular body Tim also a brave man. He is brave to do something that he never does before. Tim has a mission to redeem his mistake that he tries to help seven peoples who even he does not know. One of his efforts is to donate bone marrow to Nicholas. He is so brave man. If he does this, it will be a big risk to his body and also his health. The doctor says that he is a brave man, when they are in the hospital. The doctor took his blood as a procedure and he is just hold the pain. Doctor : No anesthetic. You ever donated bone marrow before? You're a brave guy. How long have you known Nicholas (Tim : hold the pain) 2. Function The movie represents the culture of men function as breadwinner or provider for their family or for himself. Based on Janet s concept, it is about men as family s backbone or for him. Tim is a provider for himself. As a tax collector, it gives Tim Thomas salary to fulfill his needs. He lives alone in the beach house. He does not depend on the other person, even his brother. He can stand alone. He is doing alone at all. He is also able to have a big house near the beach. So it is
21 called a beach house. It is his house. He also has a car. It describes that he is able to buy all of that by using his salary. As a man who has a house and a car is its own satisfaction. Man feels that he has been able to live his own life without depending on others. This time is named as the establishment of a man. Man feels able if he wants to marry or have a family, because he feels that he already has what is needed and has been qualified as a man who should provide a decent livelihood for his family. Picture 3 Picture 4 3. Sexual Aggressive Sexual means intimacy or desire relationship with the opposite sex. Based on Janet s concept, it concerns sexually aggressive than woman, experienced and in society they accept single status. Tim Thomas is not sexual aggressive but he is a man who appreciates the women and he tries to keep the relationship with his relatives. He tries not to make his relatives be dissatisfied to him. It was seen when he had a promise with his relatives to go dinner and he forgot it because he is too busy with his business. His girlfriend was mad to him.
22 He tried to apologize to her and he wanted to make everything is well back. Tim Thomas so appreciates a woman. He has a gentle nature in treating women. Tim : Now, if you will excuse me...i have a very lovely, very hungry woman at home waiting for me. Tim : (at home) Sarah.. Honey.. Everyone at work kept saying it was daylight-savings time. Sarah : You were supposed to be here a while ago. I kept saying it wasn't. This happens all the time. It's work. Tim : I'm sorry. I'm sorry. Sarah : No, I'm angry with you. I'm gonna be angry all night long. Picture 13 He always tries to do anything to get an apology from his partner when he had a problem. Finally he was able to melt the heart of a woman. It is seen when he tries to apologize to Emily because he made a mistake. Tim takes the initiative to do something for Emily so that she can forgive him. He tries yanking out weeds growing on the Emily s yard. It is the way to get her attention. So he could try to talk to her and apologize to her. Tim Thomas conquers the hearts of women that he loved. He takes the initiative to get women s attention and then he can do something that he should do. It is also seen that he treats women with courtesy and he does not try to hurt women. He really appreciates women,
23 especially the woman he loves. It can be seen how the way Tim treats Emily and has a great respect for Emily. Picture 14 Picture 18 Picture 19 Tim Thomas is a man who accepts the single status. Ever since his girlfriend died in the accident, he does not try at all to get a new girlfriend. He is not concern about it. He is only thinking about how to redeem his mistake. It happens when he is looking for the people who would he gives help and then he meets Emily. At the time he fell in love again to a woman but he does not try to make a relationship. Although it does not happen for a long time, but Tim felt that he had fallen in love again to a woman after his girlfriend left him earlier. It is shown when Tim kissing Emily. Then they have sex. At the time Tim said that he loved Emily.
24 Tim : What if we have children?. What if we got married? I love you. I love you. Emily : I love you too. Picture 15 Picture 16 4. Emotional Emotion is a strong feeling of any kinds of love, joy, hate, fear, and jealously. Emotional means showing a feeling of angry or emotion, belong to Janet s concept, men can stability their emotion when they face the problem. Seven Pounds shows the character of Tim Thomas who has self-control. It is seen when he can control his emotions when he is dealing with someone else. Someday he went to Connie s house to solve her problem, but Connie did not like it. At the time Tim can control his emotion to her, precisely he tried to make her calm down. Connie : Who sent you here? Tim : Please sit down. Connie : I'm not going to sit down. Tim : Please, calm down. Connie : I'm not going to calm down. It is also seen when Tim Thomas is talking to Emily in his car, suddenly Emily asks one thing. But Tim did not like the Emily s question. He was irritated
25 with Emily s question. But Tim did not show his regret in front of her. Tim was trying to restrain his emotions. When Emily has come into her house, Tim shouted inside his car as a form of these emotions. Picture 12 Tim Thomas also has a quiet emotion. It is seen that he looks calm to face his problem. He is being calm when he wants to help everyone. Actually he was feeling sad and depressed with the problem. He was devastated by the incident which is his mistake. But Tim could hide everything calmly. Nobody really knows, except his brother. He is calm in its mission to help seven people. Tim is also able to control the emotion or his passion to love Emily. He can control it all and it made him hesitate to continue its mission. It is seen from Tim's face shows that he was a doubt as to continue its mission to help others. He thought if he kept doing his mission, then he will automatically leave Emily. At that time he felt doubtful. But his doubts did not last long. Tim Thomas is able to control his love s emotion that can even impede his mission.
26 Picture 17 The writer concludes that from the above explanation, Tim Thomas is a man who can control his emotion. This is seen when he faces some problems or when he was dealing with other people. 5. Intellectual Intellectual is connected with a person s powers of reasoning. Belong to Janet s concept; intellectual includes logical, rational, objective and practical. As a Tim Thomas, who works in a corporate tax, it includes an intellectual person. He is well-educated. He was reached the level of university education. It is seen when Tim was talking to Emily. At that moment Emily asked a lot to him. He was graduated of the institute of technology. But the fact he worked in a corporate tax. This illustrates that Tim was able to do his job well, although he was not graduated from taxation s college. Tim : I grew up in Oakland. Emily : Literally. Okay. Where did you go to college? Tim : As far from Oakland as possible. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
27 Tim Thomas is a smart in doing approach to every person who would he help. Tim Thomas is able to make their hearts feel very close to him. He is able to control their emotions. He know how he should do when he dealing with them. He is able to look for all the information about them until finally he found them so he could do his mission. Logical is seeming natural, reasonable or sensible. Rational is able to think clearly and make decisions based on reason rather than emotions. Tim also shows logical and rational. Tim was brave to make a decision to help seven people that can hurt him. Based on his reasoning he have to do it because he killed seven people in the accident. That is his mistake and he would do something to redeem his mistake. He has a mistake, so he have to redeem all or he punishes himself. 6. Interpersonal Personal means relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or private affairs. And interpersonal means existing or done between two or more people where one of them can be leader and dominant. Based on Janet s concept, the interpersonal is a leader, dominant, discipline, independent, and individual. Tim Thomas is showed as a leader in his work. It is seen when he was having a meeting with all partners in the office. At the time he sat down in the middle around his partners; it describes that he is a leader and dominant, and he gave some advice in dealing with problems at work, and run the job for their company. Tim : So if there is one thing that I have learned...and you all should remember about winning these contracts: Three steps. First, tell
28 them what you're gonna tell them. Step two, you tell them. Step three, tell them what you told them. We are gonna close by reminding them...that old girl has a 3-percent better impulse from sea level to vacuum......and if they pass on that, quite frankly, they deserve another Sputnik. This is also seen in its mission to help seven people. He tried every way how to help them. He set all the way with his own way. He also asked his friend to help him in doing his mission in order to run well. Tim Thomas is a kind of an independent and individual person. He lived alone. Although he has a brother but he did not want to stay with him. Ben : Hello? Hey, it's me. It's your brother. Where are you? Tim : I'm at the beach house.... Tim : I'll talk to you later. You take care of yourself. Ben : Hold on. I know it's been a while, but when you were staying here...you didn't take something of mine by mistake, did you? Tim : I remember giving you something. You remember that? Because remember that very clearly. Ben : Yeah. Yeah. Tim : Just remember I love you. Even when his house has been given to others, he stayed at the motel and Ben did not know it. He did not want to rely on his brother to stay with him. He also made his entire mission alone. Although there are suggestions from some friends, but in his actions Tim Thomas always set up and run it. Ben : Where are you staying, Tim? Tell me, because I don't know where my brother lives! Tim : A motel. Five blocks from here.
29 7. Other Personal Characteristics Men have strong characteristic through Janet s concept, it includes of success-orientation, ambitious, proud, egoistical, moral, trustworthy, decisive, competitive and adventurous. The movie represents the characteristic through Tim Thomas character. Tim Thomas as success oriented person who do his mission successfully; he can face the problem in his life. Tim Thomas is a kind of trustworthy man. It is seen when Connie trusts him to solve her problem. Connie wants Tim to take her away from her boyfriend. Finally he gave his house to Connie in order to her boyfriend never found her. It also describes that Tim is decisive. Tim Thomas is ambitious. Tim is very ambitious to do his mission to atone for his mistake. In performing its mission at the time Tim Thomas needed help his friend and his brother. This is an effort for all the mission goes smoothly. At the motel, Tim spoke with his best friend named Dan. Actually, Dan did not want it happen. Dan knew that if Tim continued his mission, then he would lose Tim, his best friend since childhood. Dan felt that it is the hardest job he had to do for his best friend. But Tim still insisted that Dan had to do what Tim said. Dan : So I lied to you because I was so jealous. And I realized that I've been carrying around this lie......in my heart for the last 25... Tim : Stop it! Stop it. Stay focused. Do what you promised me. Dan : What, you think I'm...? Tim : Do what you promised me. Dan : You think I'm gonna let you down now, don't you? I've known you my whole damn life! Okay? This? This? This is not something you do every day. Okay? This is... This is not easy for me. I'll make sure everything goes as planned. Don't worry.
30 Tim : Thank you. Tim Thomas has a mission to help the seven people that even he did not know them before. By the time he met with Connie, he tried to help Connie with give his house over to her. It is the best way at that time. Tim Thomas persuaded Connie to accept it as a help. Connie felt very frightened. Connie was afraid with her boyfriend would be angry if he know it, and he was afraid something would happen to her and her children. But Tim Thomas tried to convince that her boyfriend would not know it. Connie was not sure because Tim did not know her boyfriend at all. Finally Tim was successful to convince Connie. In this case Tim is very brave in taking action, although he did not know the risks. He is very confident to do that, even if the risk is very hard for Tim Thomas. Connie : What if he finds us? Tim : He won't. Connie : What makes you so sure? Tim : Stop it. Connie : You don't know him. Tim : Stop it. Don't be weak. Don't be weak. Connie : I'm not weak. Adventure does not mean just an adventure from one place to another place. But it can mean brave in doing risk. An adventure is defined as an exciting or unusual experience; it may also be a bold, usually risky undertaking, with an uncertain outcome. 14 Tim Thomas is adventurous. It is seen from the way he is responsible for the mistakes he had done. He dared to do anything to redeem his mistake. It started with he helped her brother to donate lobes of his lungs. He 14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/adventure. Accessed on January 26, 2011
31 donated his heart to Emily Posa, his cornea to Ezra, the right of his liver to Holly, his kidney to George Ristucia, his bone marrow to Nicholas and he gave his home to Connie. All this he did without any concern for the fate of his own. All of that is very high risk and hurt himself; even it is the reason for he is being suicide.
32 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion The writer analyses the Masculinity in Seven Pounds movie that is on the how the masculinity of Tim Thomas is represented in Seven Pounds movie based on Janet Saltzman Chafetz s concept of masculinity. This research is to describe the masculinity through the main character Tim Thomas. Seven Pounds movie represents traditional masculinity than modern masculinity. The traditional masculinity is based on Janet s concept that consists of seven areas; they are physic, function, sexual aggressive, emotion, intellectual, interpersonal and other personal characteristics. In the first point is Physic, Seven Pounds shows the masculinity in the main character. In this paper the character named Tim Thomas. Tim is represented as a middle age man, muscular body, brave in action and masculine. The muscular is seen by his muscle when topless. In the second point is Function. Tim represents the function of man, trying to safe his girlfriend and he also has a car and a house. It describes that he is a breadwinner or provider for himself. The third point is sexual aggressive, Seven Pounds describes it in the main character. Tim appreciates the women and he is aggressive to keep the relationship with his girlfriend. He also accepts the single status since his girlfriend died.
33 The fourth is emotion. Tim has emotion that represents his masculinity. Based on Janet s concept, men can stabilize their emotion when they face a problem. Tim has a quite emotion. He has self-control to his emotion. He can control his emotion or someone else emotion. Even when he falls in love with Emily, he can control it for the success of his mission. The fifth is intellectual. In Seven Pounds movie, masculinity also appears in intellectual of the main character, for example Tim was graduated from the university. He is able to make everyone feels very close to him whereas they do not know each other before. The sixth and seventh; the interpersonal and other personal characteristics also support masculinity of the main character. Tim Thomas is a leader in his office. He is also independent and individual person. He lives alone and he does not depend on his brother. Tim tries to be successful in his mission and finally it works. He is so ambitious to do his mission well and he is brave enough to do something risk. All the description above is used to show the characteristics of masculinity. B. Suggestion In analyzing the masculine characteristics, the writer suggests to the other researchers to develop their knowledge or the concepts of masculinity that will help them to do better analysis of the study. Through this study, the writer hopes that this paper can be useful to all students who want to study in depth about the masculinity.
34 Finally, the writer hopes that this study will be useful the future improvement of studying masculinity, especially for the students of English Letters Department who want to do the similar research.
35 BIBLIOGRAPHY Baldick, Chris. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Boggs, Joseph M. and Dennis W. Petrie. The Art of Watching Films, Fifth Edition. London: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000. Farkhan, Muhammad. Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella Jakarta, 2007. Hidayat, Rahmat. Ilmu Yang Seksis: Feminisme dan Perlawanan Terhadap Teori Sosial Maskulin. Yogjakarta: Jendela, 2004. Hornby, A S. Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary, 7 th Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pickering, James H. and Jeffrey D. Hoeper. Concise Companion to Literature. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1981. Stanton, Robert. Teori Fiksi Robert Stanton. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2007. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/maskulinitas Accessed on January 2, 2010. http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/masculinity Accessed on March 24, 2010. http://raachaan.multiply.com/journal/item/2 Accessed on January 2, 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/adventure Accessed on January 26, 2011.
36 APPENDICES A. Cover of the Movie